Ivanka Stoycheva, Petar Petrov, Bilyana Petrova
et al.
Water purification by adsorption of various pollutants using carbon adsorbents with different characteristics has proven to be an effective method that is often used in purification technologies. In this work, a new method for obtaining a carbon adsorbent with a wide pore size and high surface area has been developed, particularly for the adsorption of bacterial cells. The characterization of the porous texture, the chemical nature of the surface, the structure, and the chemical composition of the obtained adsorbent is studied. The study demonstrates that the hierarchical macroporous structure of the macroporous carbon adsorbent (MCA) is highly effective for the physical sequestration of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from aqueous solutions. The high removal efficiency (86.4%) suggests that this material is a promising candidate for water purification and point-of-use filtration systems, where physical immobilization of pathogens is required.
Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) has become a revolutionary control method in current engineering practice, offering explicit benefits over previous approaches. It explicitly considers models of the system, constraints, and interactions among multivariable systems as an integral part of the decision-making process. The review’s subject provides context on the theoretical underpinning of MPC, its subsequent methodology development, and meta-areas of application since its inception as a control paradigm in the 1970s, up to today, where it is viewed as a flexible and sophisticated control paradigm. The Nonlinear, Robust, Stochastic, Adaptive, and Explicit variants of MPC are discussed here in terms of their optimisation models, computing requirements, and uncertainty computational needs. Specific consideration is given to computational issues, such as model accuracy and real-time optimisation, as well as newer methods, including sequential quadratic programming, real-time iteration schemes, model reduction, and integrating machine learning. In addition, the concepts of Distributed MPC and Economic MPC are introduced as the new paradigm dealing with the achievement of scalability goals and performance economy when working in large-scale and cost-effective systems. MPC flexibility and cost potential are shown through case studies in process industries, energy systems, aerospace, robotics, and manufacturing. With its advantages, much of the computational intensity, modelling, and implementation complexity is an active research frontier. In the future, connecting to machine learning, high-performance computing, and distributed control architectures will likely increase the importance and potential of MPC. In general, MPC remains a foundation of control engineering, and provides powerful, flexible, and cost-effective solutions to what have become more challenging systems.
Ahmad Gunawan, Wachid Hasyim, Muhadar Putih
et al.
This study investigates the role of digital leadership in fostering technopreneurship in Indonesia, a rapidly evolving sector shaped by technological advancements and digital transformation. As technological innovation and data-driven decision-making are central to the success of technopreneurs, understanding the role of leadership in this context is critical for sustainable growth. The primary aim of this research is to explore how digital leadership can enhance technopreneurship in Indonesia by promoting collaboration, innovation, and operational efficiency. The method a literature review and bibliometric analysis are employed to identify key trends and research patterns in digital leadership and its impact on the technopreneurship ecosystem. By analyzing data from various sources, the study provides an in-depth examination of the current state of the field. This research contributes a unique perspective by combining bibliometric analysis with traditional literature review, providing a comprehensive, data-driven approach to understanding how digital leadership drives technological innovation. It also emphasizes the challenges technopreneurs face, such as the digital skills gap and regulatory barriers, areas often overlooked in previous studies. While previous research has explored the general impact of digital leadership on business transformation, this study fills the gap by specifically focusing on Indonesia technopreneurship ecosystem and its unique challenges. The findings confirm that digital leadership plays a pivotal role in overcoming obstacles like unequal access to technology and driving innovation in technopreneurship. The study recommends strategies such as enhancing digital skills, investing in infrastructure, and fostering more flexible regulations to support the growth of technopreneurship in Indonesia.
Bożena Gajdzik, Radosław Wolniak, Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska
et al.
This paper will discuss the dynamics of steel production in Poland in light of the forecasts of tendencies under conditions of decarbonization. The research presented will be an attempt, using data from 2006 to 2023, to create econometric models and forecast production volumes until 2028, along with influencing factors. The obtained models were compared by calculating their error metrics. Based on the conducted econometric models, the critical determinants of the decarbonization of the industry have been established. Forecasts of the volume of steel production in Poland are downward in the face of the increasingly clear emphasis on strategic investments in low-emission technologies. This paper consists of two research parts. The first concerns the forecasting of steel production volume, and the second concerns the modeling of the steel production process, taking into account the key determinants of technological processes (EAF and BOF). Forecasts were calculated for each econometric model. This analysis is a contribution to a broader discussion on industrial adaptation and sustainable development in the steel sector. The developed models and forecasts can provide decision-makers and industry stakeholders with important information at the stage of the decision-making process concerned with developing a strategy for the decarbonization of steelmaking processes. In Poland, two technologies of steel production are used: BOF and EAF. In accordance with the assumptions of deep decarbonization, BF-BOF technology must be replaced by DRI-EAF technology.
Abstract The rapid growth of population and construction activities has exacerbated environmental issues, necessitating the adoption of Circular Economy (CE) principles in the construction industry. Despite their benefits, CE implementation remains limited in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to analyze CE practices within Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) firms with large qualifications in East Java, Indonesia to address the knowledge gap. A quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire survey targeting 18 CE-related items, was used and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results show a partial implementation of CE practices, with mean values ranging from 2.5 to 3.5. However, the five most common implementations of CE principles in East Java’s construction industries include using modern construction methods such as prefabricated and modular products, ecological materials in design, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, waste prevention planning, and designing with non-toxic, durable, and reusable materials. The study suggests that there is still plenty of potential for improving and enhancing the integration of CE principles in East Java’s construction industries. This study contributes to revealing the current state of CE adoption among large-scale firms in East Java. It offers practical insights into which CE strategies are emerging and where implementation remains weak. These findings are intended to inform both academic understanding and policymaking, as well as support AEC companies’ efforts to enhance CE integration in similar regional contexts.
Gianmario Rinaldi, Devika K. Baby, Prathyush P. Menon
This paper proposes a two-level control strategy based on a super-twisting sliding-mode algorithm (STA) to optimally allocate power imbalances in shipboard microgrids (SMGs) while achieving frequency regulation. The strategy employs an STA observer to estimate the unknown power load demand imbalances in finite time. This estimate is then passed to an online high-level optimal control framework to periodically determine the optimal sequence of power reference values for each energy storage device (ESS), minimising the operational cost of the SMG. The online optimised power reference values are interpolated and passed to the low-level STA control strategy to control the output power of each ESS. The efficacy of the proposed methods is demonstrated through numerical simulations conducted on a prototypical model of an SMG equipped with two ESSs, namely batteries and fuel cells with associated hydrogen storage.
The transition to a circular economy is a key strategy for addressing the growing global challenges related to resource depletion, waste management, and environmental degradation. Chemical engineering plays a pivotal role in facilitating this transition by developing innovative technologies and processes that promote the reuse, recycling, and regeneration of materials. This article explores the role of chemical engineering in supporting the circular economy, including advancements in waste management, resource recovery, sustainable production, and the development of new materials. It also discusses the challenges and future opportunities for chemical engineers to contribute to a more sustainable and circular industrial system.
Lipkovich Igor, Egorova Irina, Petrenko Nadezhda
et al.
For many decades, any organization involved in the operation and maintenance of vehicles cannot imagine its activities without compressor units. Compressors are used in all sectors of the national economy, and are valued for their reliability, high efficiency, long service life. The scope of the equipment is very wide, without it the work of any large industrial enterprise is indispensable. Compressors are used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, oil and gas industry, car services, construction and other industries. Each compressor unit is equipped with an emergency protection system that provides: automatic shutdown of the compressor; sound and light alarm. According to the requirements of the Rules, all compressor units are equipped with instrumentation: pressure gauges for measuring pressure, thermometers or other sensors for measuring temperature. The compressor is placed in a separate room, which should not be connected with the premises where explosive and chemically hazardous industries are located. In the premises of compressor units, it is not allowed to place equipment and equipment that are technologically and structurally not related to compressors.
Elmira Brooshan, Tommi Kauppila, Małgorzata Szlachta
et al.
This study focuses on treating Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly material. RCA is utilized, considering its availability at low cost, to reduce heavy metal and sulfate concentration in AMD and neutralize its acidity in batch experimental mode. To that end, the adsorptive properties of RCA were characterized before and after adsorption by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and X-ray Diffraction. Furthermore, the organic functional groups of the tested materials were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Adsorption parameters such as dosage, contact time, the grain size distribution of adsorbent particles, and the solution pH, were optimized for enhancing the removal performance. The pH point of zero charges for the RCA sample was defined. The results revealed that RCA is a potential eco-friendly material for AMD treatment. The concentration of sulfate in the tested AMD water was reduced by approximately 84%, while that of the metal elements declined as follows: iron 100%, manganese 95%, copper 66%, zinc 97%, and lead 76%. Also, the pH value of AMD water increased rapidly and reached neutral by using small quantities of RCA (≤1g/L).
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
Phonapha Tangthuam, Wathanyu Kao-ian, Jinnawat Sangsawang
et al.
Zinc (Zn) is viewed as a promising anode material for large-scale secondary batteries. However, due to parasitic reactions and uneven Zn distribution during repeated stripping/plating cycles, Zn anodes show inferior performance and stability. To overcome such drawbacks, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) is fabricated on a Zn sheet and Zn-graphite composite anode. The roles of CMC-ASEI are examined using X-ray tomography, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Results show that the carboxyl group in CMC can regulate the flux and local concentration of Zn ions at the surface, allowing uniform Zn dissolution/deposition, and can suppress corrosion by reducing water activities on the anode’s surface. At 5 mA cm−2, the Zn-iodine battery having CMC-ASEI can cycle up to 2,000 cycles. This work provides a simple and scalable solution for advanced Zn anodes for Zn-based batteries.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Energy conservation
The development of a hydrogen economy is increasingly seen as a sustainable solution to address global energy challenges, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Chemical engineering plays a critical role in advancing hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization technologies. This article explores the contributions of chemical engineering in the development of the hydrogen economy, focusing on innovative hydrogen production methods, such as water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification. The paper also discusses challenges in hydrogen storage and distribution, and the role of chemical engineers in developing scalable and efficient solutions for a future hydrogen-based energy system.
The development of a hydrogen economy is increasingly seen as a sustainable solution to address global energy challenges, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Chemical engineering plays a critical role in advancing hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization technologies. This article explores the contributions of chemical engineering in the development of the hydrogen economy, focusing on innovative hydrogen production methods, such as water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification. The paper also discusses challenges in hydrogen storage and distribution, and the role of chemical engineers in developing scalable and efficient solutions for a future hydrogen-based energy system.
Amitkumar Dudhat, Nuke Puji Lestari Santoso, Henderi
et al.
The challenge that has often occurred in recent years is making access to education using a different learning process path. The presence of technology now provides solutions to problems that often occur such as communication, accessing information, and business or cooperation. Blockchain is a technology that develops an evaluation model for itineraries in the learning process, both individually and in bulk. Currently the Edublocs project has been designed and implemented, which combines elements of peer-to-peer learning and the teaching team. The aim of the Edublocs project is to simplify the process of designing and implementing a system for recording activity results through blockchain technology. This ongoing project is in the process of evaluation. Conforming to some design elements as well as experimental implementation in the context of higher education enables us to further indicate the sustainability and relevance of the application of blockchain technology in education.
Abstract Software obfuscation has been developed for over 30 years. A problem always confusing the communities is what security strength the technique can achieve. Nowadays, this problem becomes even harder as the software economy becomes more diversified. Inspired by the classic idea of layered security for risk management, we propose layered obfuscation as a promising way to realize reliable software obfuscation. Our concept is based on the fact that real-world software is usually complicated. Merely applying one or several obfuscation approaches in an ad-hoc way cannot achieve good obscurity. Layered obfuscation, on the other hand, aims to mitigate the risks of reverse software engineering by integrating different obfuscation techniques as a whole solution. In the paper, we conduct a systematic review of existing obfuscation techniques based on the idea of layered obfuscation and develop a novel taxonomy of obfuscation techniques. Following our taxonomy hierarchy, the obfuscation strategies under different branches are orthogonal to each other. In this way, it can assist developers in choosing obfuscation techniques and designing layered obfuscation solutions based on their specific requirements.
Florin Pacuraru, Leonard Domnisoru, Sandita Pacuraru
The main transport channel of the global economy is represented by shipping. Engineers and hull designers are more preoccupied in ensuring fleet safety, the proper operation of the ships, and, more recently, compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulatory incentives. Considerable efforts have been devoted to in-depth understanding of the hydrodynamics mechanism and prediction of ship behavior in waves. Prediction of seakeeping performances with a certain degree of accuracy is a demanding task for naval architects and researchers. In this paper, a fully numerical approach of the seakeeping performance of a KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, South Korea) container ship (KCS) container vessel is presented. Several hydrodynamic methods have been employed in order to obtain accurate results of ship hydrodynamic response in regular waves. First, an in-house code DYN (Dynamic Ship Analysis, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania), based on linear strip theory (ST) was used. Then, a 3D fully nonlinear time-domain Boundary Element Method (BEM) was implemented, using the commercial code SHIPFLOW (FLOWTECH International AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). Finally, the commercial software NUMECA (NUMECA International, Brussels, Belgium) was used in order to solve the incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation (RANSE) flow at ship motions in head waves. The results obtained using these methods are represented and discussed, in order to establish a methodology for estimating the ship response in regular waves with accurate results and the sensitivity of hydrodynamical models.
Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte, Ivan Amaya, José C. Ortiz-Bayliss
et al.
There is a colourful palette of metaheuristics for solving continuous optimisation problems in the literature. Unfortunately, it is not easy to pick a suitable one for a specific practical scenario. Moreover, oftentimes the selected metaheuristic must be tuned until finding adequate parameter settings. Therefore, this work presents a framework based on a hyper-heuristic powered by Simulated Annealing for tailoring population-based metaheuristics. To do so, we recognise search operators from well-known techniques as building blocks for new ones. The presented framework comprises six main modules coded in Python, which can be used independently, and which help explore new metaheuristics.
The population census at the neighborhood level is usually still processed using a manual system. However, the obstacles that arise due to manual processing are quite troublesome, especially when searching for information because the majority of the population works so it is difficult to process data. This study aims to produce an information system for population census management that is faster, more effective, effective and efficient in the neighborhood. The method used in compounding and making this application is by utilizing software development methods, namely the waterfall method which includes analysis, design, coding and testing. The results of this study are the creation of a web to make it easier for residents and heads to manage population censuses, assist in the process of inputting data, searching data, and reporting residents.
Background and aims: Given the ever - expanding growth of science and technology that the multiplicity, variety, and complexity of industrial processes have been only a part of it, and despite the many human needs to be met using science and technology, the devastating effects must not be forgotten. These consequences are either due to the unknown dimensions and aspects found in modern science and technology or the result of mismanagement, illness and work - related accidents. Among these effects and consequences are environmental consequences. Research shows that occupational accidents are among the most important consequences of globalization, especially in developing countries. On the other hand, the environment has suffered from the pollution caused by industrial and manufacturing centers to the extent that the pervasive environmental crises such as gradual warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion environmental crises such as gradual global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion of water oxygen and aquatic death, soil degradation caused by waste and chemicals and, to some extent, noise pollution, result from unequal confrontation between industry and environment. Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) management is responsible for planning, implementing, monitoring and optimizing operational processes in the areas of environmental management, health protection and occupational safety. Regulatory requirements play an important role in HSE discipline. Considering the threats posed by industry and the imposition of heavy and increasing costs on the economy of human society, and considering the importance and role of Health, Safety, and Environment - Management System (HSE-MS) in protecting these two infrastructure components, and of course, highly influential manpower and the environment in the field of industry and production and more importantly sustainable development, it is imperative to evaluate optimally and realistically its performance in industries and manufacturing centers.
The effects and consequences of the devastation caused by the dangers and aspects of the HSE have become so tangible and visible that they have prompted national, and international agencies to respond these issues since the mid-1990s. These reactions occur in many forms, including the creation and dissemination of standards and management systems. The standardization approach in the field of HSE was a response to the needs of organizations and stakeholders that sought to manage HSE in a more sustainable and effective way in order to reduce the number of events (accidents), occupational injuries and diseases, mitigate environmental aspects and consequences.
Ranking is a type of qualification criterion based on defined standards and is intended to guarantee the quality and quantity of contractors in providing services and defending the rights of stakeholders and users. Integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and Taxonomy techniques as a method in multi criteria decision making (MCDM) helps decision maker(s) to organize and analyze problems, and to rank alternatives. Identification of criteria and indicators, selection of measures and weighting of indicators which with HSE-MS performance evaluation are the purposes of this study. Then, developed method is applied to rank the 5 actives organizations in boat industry.
Methods: This applicable study was done as a descriptive-analytic procedure. Graduates of HSE related fields with career in HSE performance evaluation are the statistical population of this research. The number of samples was 8 experts that according to the sampling method - nonprobability, purposive (or judgmental) and convenience - was in correspondence with the purpose of this paper. To incorporate the expertschr('39') knowledge and experience in presenting their opinion, we weigh the experts based on their educational background, HSE experience and HSE performance evaluation and determine their significance coefficients and incorporate these coefficients into the data extracted from the questionnaires. ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) standards and collegiate related courses – industrial safety engineering, occupational hygiene engineering and environment engineering/management - were basement to identify the HSE-MS criteria and indicators. After identification, in order to quantify HSE-MS performance evaluation, some measures were determined and made available for experts. Then, experts weighted them which weighting using FAHP approach with EA method. Finally, performance evaluation of HSE-MS is done by Taxonomy method in 5 actives organizations in boat industry. All experts have experience in the field of HSE performance evaluation. According to the content, approach and goals of the research, the data collection tool is a questionnaire. As ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) standards are used to identify indicators and indicators are derived from standard clauses and each standard clause represents a specific topic, so each indicator exclusively represents one of the standard clauses. This is also indicative of the validity of the indicators.
The properties of a suitable criterion can be divided into two categories: inner and outer. Internal characteristics are related to the components and internal dimensions of a criterion, while external features refer to the type of relationship between the criteria. A good criterion should have features such as: quantitative, valid, representative, minimal variability of performance measurement results under the same conditions, sensitive to change, cost-effective, understandable to most users Considering the inner and outer criteria while selecting the features will lead to a comprehensive selection that will prevent the selection of additional indefinite features along with full coverage of the HSE-MS dimensions and elements. Based on ISO 14031 : 2013 (Environmental Performance Assessment Standard), we considered two types of managerial and operational indicators for the comprehensiveness of HSE-MS performance evaluation. We determined managerial indicators according to the ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) and also operational indicators are set based on key courses of HSE related academic disciplines. To quantify the performance evaluation of the HSE-MS, we need to use quantitative indicators or in other words we should apply a measure for this purpose. The researchers suggested two measures in the HSE Qualitative Questionnaire for each indicator and experts had to select one of the two measures or introduce another one. In terms of weight of experts, the final measure is selected for each feature. In order to determine the effect or weight of each of the indicators on the performance evaluation of HSE-MS, we need to determine a method for weighting. Accordingly, the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process approach was developed to determine weight of the indicators. According to the selected method, a questionnaire called pairwise comparison matrix of indicators / measures was given to the experts based on triangular fuzzy numbers to determine each of the pairwise comparisons between the indicators according to the fuzzy linguistic expression.
Results: By reviewing the literature and receiving expert’s opinions, 10 general criteria and 54 indicators were identified so that the total number of identified management performance criteria and indicators are 7 and 28 respectively and also total number of identified operational performance criteria and indicators are 3 and 26 respectively. Management performance criteria include organizational environment, leadership, planning, support, operations, performance evaluation and improvement. Operational performance criteria include safety, health and environment. Nonetheless, the total weight of management and operational performance criteria is 40.5 and 59.5 respectively. Despite the higher number of management performance criteria, weights and importance of operational performance criteria for assessing HSE-MS performance is much more. Three operational performance criteria have largest weights based on experts’ opinions. The three operational performance criteria are assigned the highest weight followed by the management performance criteria. Among the management performance criteria, the improvement criterion is with the highest weight and the criterion of the organizational environment is with the least weight. Also, among the 54 identified indicators, the first six indicators (include product, particles, gases / vapors, machinery and equipment safety, biologically permitted hazardous agents, general safety (5S)) with the highest weight are all operational performance indicators and the last six indicators (include partnership, consultancy, organizational roles, responsibilities and organizational authorities, planning actions to achieve HSE objectives, internal audit, procurement and communications) with the lowest weight are management performance indicators. The obtained results using integrated method revealed that the organization 1 in boat industry has been placed in the top lists. Also, the results showed an influence of indicators weight on ranking of organization that considering this issue in performance evaluation of organizations especially in HSE-MS is the suggestion of this research.
Conclusion: While confirming the need for management and operational performance indicators to realistically evaluate the HSE performance of industrial organizations, this study emphasizes that the weight of operational performance indicators is higher than that of management - despite the higher number of management performance indicators. Obtained results showed that the integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and Taxonomy methods can be used to evaluate the performance of Health, Safety, and Environment - Management System successfully. It seems that, performance evaluation with multi criteria decision making methods with employeechr('39')s collaboration can increasingly leads to effectiveness in using HSE-MS. In order to improve the HSE performance of industrial organizations, the implementation of the relevant standards, including ISO 14001 : 2015 and ISO 45001 : 2018, must be such as to ultimately eliminate, reduce or contain safety hazards, adverse health factors and environmental consequences.