Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Angelika Skorupa, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Worwąg

The research aimed to determine the efficiency of caffeine removal from synthetic wastewater, using biological wastewater treatment and a multi-stage process line. The study was carried out in a Sequential Biological Reactor (SBR) with different hydraulic retention times – 5, 10, 15, and 25 days, and in a process line consisting of biological treatment supplemented by the following treatment processes: sorption on activated carbon, membrane filtration, ozonation, and UV radiation. Analysis of caffeine concentration after the treatment processes was performed by liquid chromatography. Biological wastewater treatment in SBR effectively reduced caffeine to below the detection limit (<0.1 mg/dm3), regardless of the initial concentration and treatment options used. Additional pretreatment processes did not significantly enhance caffeine reduction. The results indicate the potential for using SBR as an effective and environmentally friendly method of caffeine removal. The study involved synthetic wastewater; hence, further research is needed on real samples.  

Agnieszka Sobolewska, Marcin Bukowski, Dorota Komorowska et al.

The aim of this study was to determine the economic value of the environmental impact of electricity used in agricultural production in organic and conventional farms in Poland in relation to cropped area and production value. This study investigated the use of electricity from the grid and that generated using photovoltaic panels. Farm models were constructed based on FADN data. Environmental damage was evaluated by applying the Environmental Prices method with the use of the SimaPro 9.3 program. Results were expressed in prices of 2022. The environmental impact of electricity used in organic farms investigated in this study amounted to 2267 euro/ha and 31.14 euro/1000 euro of production value, while in conventional farms, it was 32.33 euro/ha and 19.27 euro/1000 euro of production value when only energy from the grid was used. In turn, the use of energy generated by photovoltaic panels made it possible to considerably reduce environmental pressure. In the case of organic farms, the recorded indexes were 1.68 euro/ha and 2.31 euro/1000 euro of production value, whereas, in conventional farms, it was 2.72 euro/ha and 1.62 euro/1000 euro of production value. These results indicate that the use of electricity for production in organic farms generates less environmental damage than in the case of conventional farms per unit area, whereas, for the respective figures in relation to production value, an opposite relationship was found.

Marzena Jankowska-Mihułowicz, Katarzyna Kowalska

Purpose: to identify the directions of evolution of leadership paradigms and to define characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership now and in the future in companies focused on creating shared and responsible value. Methodology, approach: systematic review, analysis and synthesis. Examples of the leadership practices of well-known enterprises which can be benchmarks for success. Findings: The directions of evolution of leadership paradigms have been identified and the characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership have been defined for the present and the future. Leadership in companies oriented towards the creation of shared and responsible value mainly requires the application of the paradigm of sustainable leadership, the pursuit of heterarchy and holarchy, partnership, group decision-making and cultural cooperation. Leadership determines an organisation’s ability to create value for the company and its stakeholders, building an organisational culture based on trust; a culture most difficult for competitors to copy. Creating shared value in an organisation provides opportunities for the company to sustainably grow in the long term. Research limitations: the potential possibility of extending the systematic review to databases other than Web of Science and Polish libraries, and of expanding the criteria for selecting and analysing examples of business practices. Practical and social implications: promoting favourable values and sustainable leadership practices in enterprises. Originality, value: a comprehensive analysis of leadership and an explanation of its importance in the creation of shared and responsible value by companies, including examples of their good and bad practices. This paper contributes to the knowledge about characteristics and conditions of sustainable leadership and fills a research gap by focusing on the link between leadership in a company and its sustainable performance. The paper also has many implications for both researchers and practitioners in the field of business management.

Elżbieta Szczygieł, Paulina Szyja, Katarzyna Kowalska et al.

The increasing amount of waste generated by households requires specific action because of the need for change dictated by the circular economy. To this end, it is necessary to diagnose the key characteristics of households that can influence the way their members manage their waste and then develop circular behaviours. This paper is an attempt to identify the key characteristics of households that can influence the way their members manage their waste. In the article, the authors present a literature review on circular economy in the field of household members' behaviour. The main objective is a statistical analysis of the differences in the way of managing waste due to the socio-economic characteristics of the households, which was carried out using data from one of the authors' own research. Within the analysis, the authors presented the socio-economic profile of the person who manages the waste carefully. Seven hypotheses were tested in the article. Only three were confirmed.

Dorota Małaszkiewicz, Marta Wasilewska, Bartosz Grzegorz Kozibąk

Significant amounts of rock dust with a grain size similar to cement are generated during aggregate dedusting in the production of mineral-asphalt masses. These wastes are collected in tanks or silos and must be managed in such a way as not to generate costs related to disposal. On the other hand, the use of natural resources must be reduced in the production of cement composites. The objective of this research is to investigate the possibility of utilising aggregate dedusting waste (ADW) in vibro-pressed concrete paving blocks (VPCPB). Stage one of this research includes testing the compressive strength of concrete samples where cement was partially replaced by ADW or/and fly ash (FA). Stage two discusses the effect of cement replacement by ADW or FA on the splitting tensile strength of VPCPB. Using ADW in VPCPB is a promising option. Splitting tensile strength increased after both 7 and 28 days when ADW was used. 

Małgorzata Pięta-Kanurska

The aim of this paper is to characterize the shaping of green infrastructure for the 12 largest Polish cities in 2005-2021. The research was performed using the data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). The outline of the research supports the conclusion that large Polish cities should make changes to increase the area of functional green spaces. In line with global and European trends, investments in the development of green infrastructure should be a priority in the development strategies of Polish cities. The development of functional green spaces should make them more biophilic according to the good practices of the greenest cities in Europe and the world.

Abayomi Agbeyangi, Ayodeji Makinde, Isaac Odun-Ayo

Nigeria's remarkable information and communication technology (ICT) journey spans decades, playing a pivotal role in economic sustainability, especially as the nation celebrates its Republic at Sixty. This paper provides an overview of Nigeria's ICT journey, underscoring its central role in sustainable economic prosperity. We explore the potential of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT), revealing the remarkable opportunities on the horizon. We stress the urgency of achieving digital inclusivity, bridging the urban-rural gap, and reducing the technological divide, all of which are critical as Nigeria marks its sixtieth year. We intend to prove the invaluable opportunities of ICT for policymakers, business leaders, and educational institutes as Nigeria looks towards enduring economic development in this digital age. Specifically, we envision a dynamic landscape where emerging technologies are set to redefine industries, supercharge economic growth, and enhance the quality of life for every Nigerian.

Ayse D. Lokmanoglu, Carol K. Winkler, Kareem El Damanhoury et al.

With globalization's rise, economic interdependence's impacts have become a prominent factor affecting personal lives, as well as national and international dynamics. This study examines RT's public diplomacy efforts on its non-Russian Facebook accounts over the past five years to identify the prominence of economic topics across language accounts. Computational analysis, including word embeddings and statistical methods, investigates how offline economic indicators, like currency values and oil prices, correspond to RT's online economic content changes. The results demonstrate that RT uses message reinforcement associated economic topics as an audience targeting strategy and differentiates their use with changing currency and oil values.

Elżbieta Antczak, Agnieszka Rzeńca, Agnieszka Sobol

The subject of the article is the “productive city”, which, along with the “green city” and the “just city,” is one of the main axes of the integrated development of modern cities. The main goal is to assess the degree of productivity in the development of Polish cities. The research covered 66 cities with poviat rights in 2010, 2015, 2018, and 2020. Based on previous research and available data, an aggregated measure of the productive city was proposed based on the linear ordering method. For this purpose, the average value of diagnostic variables (stimulants and destimulants) was determined using a dynamic version of the zero unitisation method. The analysis showed moderate productivity and progress in Polish cities, with an increase of approx. 2.1% over the decade 2010-2020. However, there is a decreasing differentiation in terms of the composite measure. One of the major limitations of the research was spatiotemporal data availability and continuity. 

Elżbieta Antczak, Artur Gajdos

In this study, we employed a stepwise empirical approach to identify economic sectors and analyze the regional potential for green job (GJ) creation in Poland. We used the operating register of economic entities (REGON) and Polish Labor Force Survey (BAEL) data for the period between 2015 and 2022. The changes in REGON reflect a proxy of changes in GJ stock in sectors of economic activity (PKD-2007) and regions. We estimated trends and spatial diversification of green employment. The results revealed that Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie, Małopolskie, and Śląskie are the most attractive regions for GJ creation. The polarization of green employment declined during the analyzed period, but spatial disparities were still significant. Most sectors noted increases in GJ, except for agriculture, where the downward trend in employment has a significant influence on the green labour market. Our findings may be useful when formulating policy recommendations for educational institutions, employment institutions, local governments, government institutions, investors, and employers.

Victor Boussange, Didier Sornette, Heike Lischke et al.

The processes of ecological interactions, dispersal and mutations shape the dynamics of biological communities, and analogous eco-evolutionary processes acting upon economic entities have been proposed to explain economic change. This hypothesis is compelling because it explains economic change through endogenous mechanisms, but it has not been quantitatively tested at the global economy level. Here, we use an inverse modelling technique and 59 years of economic data covering 77 countries to test whether the collective dynamics of national economic activities can be characterised by eco-evolutionary processes. We estimate the statistical support of dynamic community models in which the dynamics of economic activities are coupled with positive and negative interactions between the activities, the spatial dispersal of the activities, and their transformations into other economic activities. We find strong support for the models capturing positive interactions between economic activities and spatial dispersal of the activities across countries. These results suggest that processes akin to those occurring in ecosystems play a significant role in the dynamics of economic systems. The strength-of-evidence obtained for each model varies across countries and may be caused by differences in the distance between countries, specific institutional contexts, and historical contingencies. Overall, our study provides a new quantitative, biologically inspired framework to study the forces shaping economic change.

Enric García i Domingo

Em presento en aquest número de Drassana, revista del Museu Marítim de Barcelona, com a nou director general del Consorci de les Drassanes Reials i Museu Marítim de Barcelona. El 17 de maig vaig prendre el timó d’una institució en la qual he treballat com a tècnic des de fa més de vint anys. És l’inici d’un viatge nou, emocionant i també il·lusionant (i en cap cas lliure de perills i amenaces) per portar la institució més enllà de l’actual horitzó.

Emilia Grotowska, Katarzyna Spadło

The paper attempts to analyse the instruments of urban operating tools used for spatial management in the urban regeneration processes. A comparative analysis of planning documents prepared for the implementation of revitalisation policy, i.e. spatial development concepts and Local Revitalisation Plans, was carried out. These instruments were juxtaposed with master plans, commonly used in the revitalisation practice by German cities but by some Polish cities as well. The article presents mechanisms of the impact of urban operating tools on the scope and nature of the urban regeneration processes. The scale of the impact, understood as the pace of the implementation of the sustainable development goals in degraded urban areas, was also assessed.

Nick James, Max Menzies, Kevin Chin

Motivated by the current fears of a potentially stagflationary global economic environment, this paper uses new and recently introduced mathematical techniques to study multivariate time series pertaining to country inflation (CPI), economic growth (GDP) and equity index behaviours. We begin by assessing the temporal evolution among various economic phenomena, and complement this analysis with `economic driver analysis,' where we decouple country economic trajectories and determine what is most important in their association. Next, we study the temporal self-similarity of global inflation, growth and equity index returns to identify the most anomalous historic periods, and windows in the past that are most similar to current market dynamics. We then introduce a new algorithm to construct economic state classifications and compute an economic state integral, where countries are determined to belong in one of four candidate states based on their inflation and growth behaviours. Finally, we implement a decade-by-decade portfolio optimisation to determine which equity indices and portfolio assets have been most beneficial in maximising portfolio risk-adjusted returns in various market conditions. This could be of great interest to those looking for asset allocation guidance in the current period of high economic uncertainty.

Grażyna Karmowska, Nino Mikiashvili

The aim of the paper was to determine development convergence between post-socialist countries and changes taking place in this respect. The research covered the period of 2000-2018 and focused on 25 post-socialist countries (11 EU, 7 East European and 7 Asian states). Statistical methods and econometric models were employed to analyze the HDI, EPI and EFW indices. The research revealed that there is very little convergence among post-socialist countries on social development (ca. 5%), environmental performance (ca. 2%) and economic freedom (ca. 1%). All of the study countries were classified as highly developed (HDI>0.79), and  mostly free” in terms of economic freedom (EFW>0.6). Higher variation was observed for environmental performance, with only 16 countries out of 25 with an EPI>60. The post-socialist EU countries scored higher on the three indices than the other post-socialist nations, though Asian countries registered higher growth rates.

Tim Lichtenberg

Internal redox reactions may irreversibly alter the mantle composition and volatile inventory of terrestrial and super-Earth exoplanets and affect the prospects for atmospheric observations. The global efficacy of these mechanisms, however, hinges on the transfer of reduced iron from the molten silicate mantle to the metal core. Scaling analysis indicates that turbulent diffusion in the internal magma oceans of sub-Neptunes can kinetically entrain liquid iron droplets and quench core formation. This suggests that the chemical equilibration between core, mantle, and atmosphere may be energetically limited by convective overturn in the magma flow. Hence, molten super-Earths possibly retain a compositional memory of their accretion path. Redox control by magma ocean circulation is positively correlated with planetary heat flow, internal gravity, and planet size. The presence and speciation of remanent atmospheres, surface mineralogy, and core mass fraction of atmosphere-stripped exoplanets may thus constrain magma ocean dynamics.

Bernadeta Gołębiowska

The aim of the study is to assess energy literacy in households in Poland. Energy literacy influences decisions related to electricity consumption. Low energy literacy contributes to the energy effi ciency gap, and therefore it is important to examine its level, understand the determinants, and look for solutions that can increase literacy. Based on previous research, we designed the energy literacy questionnaire. Knowledge of energy prices, costs of using selected electrical appliances, beliefs about the impact of electricity consumption on the environment, and awareness of the consequences of climate change were taken into account. We analysed data from the computer-assisted web interviews conducted in December 2018. The quota sample of 1,000 respondents was representative of the Polish population with respect to location, education, age, and sex. Correlation analysis showed the relation between energy literacy and norms associated with the use of energy. To date, no such relationships have been analysed in Poland.

M. Agostini, M. Böhmer, J. Bosma et al.

The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a new initiative with a vision towards constructing a multi-cubic kilometre neutrino telescope, to expand our observable window of the Universe to highest energies, installed within the deep Pacific Ocean underwater infrastructure of Ocean Networks Canada.

Santanu Saha, Simone Di Cataldo, Maximilian Amsler et al.

In this work we probe the possibility of high-temperature conventional superconductivity in the boron-carbon system, using ab-initio screening. A database of 320 metastable structures with fixed composition (50$\%$/50$\%$) is generated with the Minima-Hopping method, and characterized with electronic and vibrational descriptors. Full electron-phonon calculations on sixteen representative structures allow to identify general trends in $T_{\textrm{c}}$ across and within the four families in the energy landscape, and to construct an approximate $T_{\textrm{c}}$ predictor, based on transparently interpretable and easily computable electronic and vibrational descriptors. Based on these, we estimate that around 10$\%$ of all metallic structures should exhibit $T_{\textrm{c}}$'s above 30 $K$. This work is a first step towards ab-initio design of new high-$T_{\textrm{c}}$ superconductors.

Victor Olkhov

We introduce the price probability measure η(p;t) that defines the mean price p(1;t), mean square price p(2;t), price volatility σp2(t)and all price n-th statistical moments p(n;t) as ratio of sums of n-th degree values C(n;t) and volumes U(n;t) of market trades aggregated during certain time interval Δ. The definition of the mean price p(1;t) coincides with definition of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) introduced at least 30 years ago. We show that price volatility σp2(t) forecasting requires modeling evolution of the sums of second-degree values C(2;t) and volumes U(2;t). We call this model as second-order economic theory. We use numerical continuous risk ratings as ground for risk assessment of economic agents and distribute agents by risk ratings as coordinates. We introduce continuous economic media approximation of squares of values and volumes of agents trades and their flows aggregated during time interval Δ. We take into account expectations that govern agents trades and introduce aggregated expectations alike to aggregated trades. We derive equations for continuous economic media approximation on the second-degree trades. In the linear approximation we derive mean square price p(2;t) and volatility σp2(t) disturbances as functions of the first and second-degree trades disturbances. Description of each next n-th price statistical moment p(n;t) with respect to the unit price measure η(p;t) depends on sums of n-th degree values C(n;t) and volumes U(n;t) of market trades and hence requires development of the corresponding n-th order economic theory.