Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

M. Maenner, Z. Warren, Ashley Robinson Williams et al.

Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2020. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years. In 2020, there were 11 ADDM Network sites across the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin). To ascertain ASD among children aged 8 years, ADDM Network staff review and abstract developmental evaluations and records from community medical and educational service providers. A child met the case definition if their record documented 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation, 2) a classification of ASD in special education, or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. Results For 2020, across all 11 ADDM sites, ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 23.1 in Maryland to 44.9 in California. The overall ASD prevalence was 27.6 per 1,000 (one in 36) children aged 8 years and was 3.8 times as prevalent among boys as among girls (43.0 versus 11.4). Overall, ASD prevalence was lower among non-Hispanic White children (24.3) and children of two or more races (22.9) than among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (A/PI) children (29.3, 31.6, and 33.4 respectively). ASD prevalence among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (26.5) was similar to that of other racial and ethnic groups. ASD prevalence was associated with lower household income at three sites, with no association at the other sites. Across sites, the ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years based exclusively on documented ASD diagnostic statements was 20.6 (range = 17.1 in Wisconsin to 35.4 in California). Of the 6,245 children who met the ASD case definition, 74.7% had a documented diagnostic statement of ASD, 65.2% had a documented ASD special education classification, 71.6% had a documented ASD ICD code, and 37.4% had all three types of ASD indicators. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis was 49 months and ranged from 36 months in California to 59 months in Minnesota. Among the 4,165 (66.7%) children with ASD with information on cognitive ability, 37.9% were classified as having an intellectual disability. Intellectual disability was present among 50.8% of Black, 41.5% of A/PI, 37.8% of two or more races, 34.9% of Hispanic, 34.8% of AI/AN, and 31.8% of White children with ASD. Overall, children with intellectual disability had earlier median ages of ASD diagnosis (43 months) than those without intellectual disability (53 months). Interpretation For 2020, one in 36 children aged 8 years (approximately 4% of boys and 1% of girls) was estimated to have ASD. These estimates are higher than previous ADDM Network estimates during 2000–2018. For the first time among children aged 8 years, the prevalence of ASD was lower among White children than among other racial and ethnic groups, reversing the direction of racial and ethnic differences in ASD prevalence observed in the past. Black children with ASD were still more likely than White children with ASD to have a co-occurring intellectual disability. Public Health Action The continued increase among children identified with ASD, particularly among non-White children and girls, highlights the need for enhanced infrastructure to provide equitable diagnostic, treatment, and support services for all children with ASD. Similar to previous reporting periods, findings varied considerably across network sites, indicating the need for additional research to understand the nature of such differences and potentially apply successful identification strategies across states.

P. Cronholm, C. Forke, Roy Wade et al.

‎. Hidayatullah, Uni Sabadina, Rahmania Putri Harnawan et al.

The development of digital technology in the 21st century has revolutionized the way humans interact, work, and access information. However, as new opportunities open up, new challenges also arise in efforts to realize substantive gender justice. Gender justice can no longer be understood simply as equality of access or representation, but must be analyzed in a more complex context through an intersectionality approach that considers the intersection between various social identities such as gender, race, class, sexual orientation, age, disability, and geographical background. This research aims to explore how digital technology, if not accompanied by intersectional awareness, can reproduce or even strengthen structural inequalities that have existed in society. In today’s digital ecosystem, algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) are the main drivers in various fields, ranging from job selection and media reporting to social interaction in online media. However, many studies suggest that algorithms can carry systemic biases, as they are developed from historical data that reflect past inequalities. For example, automated recruitment algorithms may be biased against women or ethnic minorities, or facial recognition systems may fail to recognize people of non-white races with high accuracy. This phenomenon demonstrates that technology is not a neutral tool, but rather a social product that can reflect and maintain certain forms of dominance if it is not critically examined. Using a normative juridical research approach based on literature studies and presented descriptively, this study explains and analyzes issues related to gender justice in the digital sphere. In the final stage, conclusions are drawn by examining various case examples from academic literature and reports of international organizations. The main focus of the analysis lies on three dimensions: (1) gender representation and narratives in digital media; (2) access to and participation of women and vulnerable groups in technology development; and (3) the increasing prevalence of gender-based inequalities in online spaces.based violence, uch as doxing, cyberharassment, and nonconsensual pornography. These three dimensions will be examined using an intersectional lens to understand how the experience of injustice in the digital space is not homogeneous, but varies depending on the context of closely related identities. Furthermore, this research proposes the idea that sustainable digital culture development must be based on the principles of social justice that ensure diversity, inclusivity, and equality. Technology should be a tool to strengthen participatory democracy and social solidarity, not to deepen inequality or reinforce hidden discrimination. Therefore, a transformative approach is needed in public policy, technology design, digital education, and platform regulation, which is integrated with the principles of intersectionality and sustainability. The results of the study show that gender justice in the digital era will not be achieved only through the provision of internet access, but must involve a paradigm shift in the way technology is produced, accessed, and interpreted. Thus, the study closes with policy and practice recommendations that encourage collaboration between stakeholders including policymakers, technology developers, academics, and grassroots communities in creating a more equitable, ethical, and sustainable digital space.

Dumiter Florin Cornel, Nicoară Ștefania Amalia, Nicoară Samuel et al.

The oil price influences and tendencies have gained, lately major developments both at the European level and on the international level. Moreover, several interconnections between the energy sector and oil price influences have become the panacea of several important research and studies. In this article, we provide a qualitative and quantitative approach to the interconnections manifested between oil price movements and the developments of the energy sector. The study is focused on Central and Eastern European Countries which have similarities and differences both at the energy sector level and economy level. The econometric techniques used in this study reveal the importance of the causality relationship between oil price movements and the energy sector taking into account the macroeconomic context. The conclusions of this study highlight some important fine-tuning aspects that must be recalibrated in Central and Eastern European Countries to increase the economic outcomes, strengthen the energy sector, and respond properly to the oil price movement trends.

Cencheng Shen, Yuexiao Dong, Carey E. Priebe et al.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of principal communities and propose a principal graph encoder embedding method that concurrently detects these communities and achieves vertex embedding. Given a graph adjacency matrix with vertex labels, the method computes a sample community score for each community, ranking them to measure community importance and estimate a set of principal communities. The method then produces a vertex embedding by retaining only the dimensions corresponding to these principal communities. Theoretically, we define the population version of the encoder embedding and the community score based on a random Bernoulli graph distribution. We prove that the population principal graph encoder embedding preserves the conditional density of the vertex labels and that the population community score successfully distinguishes the principal communities. We conduct a variety of simulations to demonstrate the finite-sample accuracy in detecting ground-truth principal communities, as well as the advantages in embedding visualization and subsequent vertex classification. The method is further applied to a set of real-world graphs, showcasing its numerical advantages, including robustness to label noise and computational scalability.

Syarafina Nabiilah, Alamsyah Alamsyah

This study aims to explore the popular English dialect which originated from the black people known as AAVE (African American Vernacular English), where its usage is not limited to the origin community only. Two focuses of this study will be on analysing the grammatical characteristics of AAVE and its underlying factors within the utterances from the three characters in Dumbo film, which are Timothy the mouse, the crow, and the clown by using qualitative method and the theory on AAVE dialect by Walt Wolfram and Rickford. This study applied the qualitative method and the data was gathered from coding character’s utterances. The results showed that the three characters used AAVE grammar, such as verb phrase, negation, and nominals. AAVE grammatical characteristics that were used by the characters are copula absence, completive done, sequential be done, other verbal phrase characteristics, ain’t, multiple negation, objective form them, and second person pronoun y’all. They also showed three factors on the AAVE grammar usage which are social class, age, and linguistic environment. These grammatical features are affected by the character’s class in the society as lower-worker group, character’s age which is in their adolescence, and the linguistic environment surrounding the character which depends on the level of familiarity felt by the characters regarding the topic or the person. The AAVE grammar alongside the factors found in the utterances of the three characters proved that they all represent the African American heritage which is the AAVE dialect despite having different races. The underlying factors influencing their utterances showed that a language will not be exempt from the various variables within the society.

Andriy Dubiv, L. Chekhovska, O. Zhdanova et al.

The problem of involving different groups of the population in health and recreational physical activity is of interest to a significant number of domestic and foreign scientists. Physical culture and sports institutions offer various formats to involve the population in physical activity: from promising and innovative technologies to the updating of existing physical culture and sports events. They have intensified their work on involving the population, in particular internally displaced persons, war veterans and their family members. The purpose - to investigate the effectiveness of physical culture and health projects/events of the All-Ukrainian Center for Physical Education and Sport "Sport for All". Methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; system analysis, documentary method, sociological methods (questionnaires), and methods of mathematical statistics. The Center “Sport for All” plays an active role in the popularization of physical activity and sports. During 2024, the Center has held more than 5,000 events and trainings, 9 physical culture and sports projects (“modernized” their content) under the leadership of more than 540 coordinators of active parks and involved 370 thousand people in physical activity. The most active in terms of the number of people involved in systematic training sessions aimed at developing basic motor qualities there was the social project “Active Parks - Locations of Healthy Ukraine”. Classes were held in more than fifty territorial communities of the region. Free classes in various types of physical activity were available for the population of the communities: Nordic walking, overcoming tourist routes, sports games, relay races, health fitness, classes on simulators, cycling, etc. There was developed a navigation map of free recreational classes for the population in parks and squares. Coordinators (n=65) from the Lviv region who conducted classes in over 50 territorial communities were interviewed.

Fathima N. Nagoor Pitchai, Elizabeth J Tanner, Neha Khetan et al.

Antiviral therapies with reduced frequencies of administration and high barriers to resistance remain a major goal. For HIV, theories have proposed that viral-deletion variants, which conditionally replicate with a basic reproductive ratio [R0] > 1 (termed “therapeutic interfering particles” or “TIPs”), could parasitize wild-type virus to constitute single-administration, escape-resistant antiviral therapies. We report the engineering of a TIP that, in rhesus macaques, reduces viremia of a highly pathogenic model of HIV by >3log10 following a single intravenous injection. Animal lifespan was significantly extended, TIPs conditionally replicated and were continually detected for >6 months, and sequencing data showed no evidence of viral escape. A single TIP injection also suppressed virus replication in humanized mice and cells from persons living with HIV. These data provide proof of concept for a potential new class of single-administration antiviral therapies. Editor’s summary During replication, RNA viruses frequently generate defective particles that parasitize and interfere with the replication and packaging of intact virus. Such defective particles may also stimulate host immune responses. Pitchai et al. developed a continuous culture method in which deletions were cloned into HIV to generate therapeutic interfering particles (TIPs). First, they showed that transduction-competent viral-like particles were produced conditionally in trans with intact HIV and reduced HIV load. Sequencing did not detect subsequent large deletions or rearrangements. Engineered TIPS were then tested with one injected dose in donated HIV-infected human cells, humanized mice, and nonhuman primates infected with HIV. These experiments verified seroconversion, suppression of HIV replication, and TIP persistence for at least 30 weeks. —Caroline Ash INTRODUCTION Rapidly evolving communicable pathogens, such as HIV, pose stubborn problems for conventional medical countermeasures. Because of substantial viral genetic diversity, there is no approved HIV vaccine. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective, ART is not curative and must be continually administered (discontinuation results in viral rebound), leading to major logistical challenges. Thus, despite decades of intense research, 1 to 2 million new HIV infections occur each year, with the virus overly impacting underprivileged and underserved communities. New antiviral strategies with reduced administration frequencies and high genetic barriers to the evolution of resistance are needed. RATIONALE Theories proposed decades ago predicted that HIV viral-deletion variants—based on the historical concept of defective interfering particles (DIPs), which parasitize wild-type viruses—could act as therapeutics. Putative therapeutic interfering particles (TIPs), a subset of DIPs, if rationally engineered to conditionally replicate with a basic reproductive ratio R0 > 1, were predicted to be single-administration, escape-resistant antiviral therapies. Notably, the R0 > 1 conditional replication criterion imparts TIPs with the potential to act as single-dose “drive” therapeutics, thereby overcoming extant therapy barriers. In this work, we developed a TIP for HIV. RESULTS Theory-driven in vitro studies showed that long-term HIV-infected bioreactors exhibited von Magnus—like oscillations (a signature of DIPs) and revealed a variant with a ~2.5-kb deletion in the HIV pol-vpr region. The deletion variant satisfied the requirements for a DIP. By introducing additional deletions to ablate splicing and eliminate expression from all HIV reading frames and repairing the HIV central polypurine tract, the DIP was engineered into an R0 > 1 TIP that durably suppressed HIV replication in vitro and in humanized mice. The TIP also established latency and suppressed HIV rebound or outgrowth in vitro, including from patient cells, and after interruption of antiretroviral therapy. To test TIP efficacy in a physiological model, an analog TIP lentiviral vector was constructed for SIV. Infant rhesus macaques were administered the SIV TIP by a single intravenous (IV) injection, challenged with a highly pathogenic SHIV (SF162P3) through the IV route (24 hours later), and followed for ~30 weeks. TIP intervention durably suppressed SHIV viral load by 4log10 in plasma and lymph tissue and resulted in significant reduction in disease. As predicted, TIPs conditionally replicated in vivo for >6 months, and TIP-treated animals exhibited significantly improved immune responses, and no evidence of increased inflammation. Full-length sequencing of SHIV revealed no evidence of increased evolution, recombination, or escape. CONCLUSION Epidemiological analyses argue that each 1log reduction in HIV viral load results in significant delays in the onset of AIDS and significant reductions in transmission potential. Theories have proposed that R0 > 1 TIPs have the capacity to establish coevolutionary arms races with wild-type viruses, leading to extraordinarily high genetic barriers to the evolution of antiviral resistance. On the basis of TIP intervention in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques, mathematical modeling indicates that a single dose of TIPs could durably reduce HIV viral load to less than the World Health Organization threshold for HIV transmission of 103 copies/ml. These data suggest that TIPs could serve as the foundation for a new class of easy-to-administer, single-administration antiviral “drive” therapies. A single-dose HIV therapy: TIPs reduce disease in nonhuman primates through conditional replication. (A) Overview of the TIP concept. (B) TIP intervention in rhesus macaques infected with a highly pathogenic SHIV results in significant protection from disease. (C and D) TIP intervention durably reduces SHIV viral load by ~4log10 (C) owing to sustained conditional replication of TIPs (D).

Francis Régis Gonçalves Mendes Barbosa, Madalena Maria Schlindwein, Marcelo Corrêa da Silva

Amartya Sen's theory of Development as Freedom states the prediction of development by evaluating the expansion of individual freedoms. This study operationalizes this theory and its instrumental freedoms through the construction of a development index and multivariate statistics. Spatiality of municipal development provides empirical evidence for interrelations between instrumental freedoms defended by this theory. The determinants of development related mainly to income and its distribution, but also housing conditions and social vulnerabilities. The findings unmask the geographic structure of (under) development in a frontier in Mid-West Brazil, marked by higher deprivation of opportunities, precarious services and greater economic stagnation.

Tebogo Mogotloane, Valery Louw

Background: The poor resolution of customer complaints in the domain of public service is often attributed to a lack of accountability, transparency, communication, leadership, competent personnel, and well-defined complaint-management policies. Aim: This article examined the efficacy and efficiency of the processes and procedures used to carry out the customer complaints management policy within the public service. Setting: The study focused on the Department of Employment and Labour in the Free State province. Methods: A qualitative study design was adopted, with self-administered questionnaires used to collect data from 20 purposefully selected participants from the Department of Employment and Labour – Free State province. Results: The research revealed several key findings. Firstly, there was a lack of consequences for subpar performance. Secondly, inadequate communication and coordination hindered the timely resolution of customer complaints, and minimal frontline staff training on the customer complaints management policy. Thirdly, it was discovered that a lack of capacity resulted in underreporting of complaints, which has a detrimental impact on how quickly and effectively customer complaints are handled. Conclusion and contribution: The implications of this study, therefore, draw attention to redress mechanisms as a vehicle to turn around and improve public service delivery. The study recommends that the Department of Employment and Labour should consider increasing the capacity of staff in handling customer complaints, developing appropriate customer complaints management training manuals, and establishing a business unit or directorate that deals with customer complaints.

Bram Janssens, Luca Pappalardo, Jelle De Bock et al.

The field of cycling analytics has only recently started to develop due to limited access to open data sources. Accordingly, research and data sources are very divergent, with large differences in information used across studies. To improve this, and facilitate further research in the field, we propose the publication of a data set which links thousands of professional race results from the period 2017-2023 to detailed geographic information about the courses, an essential aspect in road cycling analytics. Initial use cases are proposed, showcasing the usefulness in linking these two data sources.

Abe Oudshoorn

The pandemic hit at a time of high rates of housing exclusion globally. While there have been many discussions of "a new normal", what we have seen is increased housing costs and therefore increased exclusion. This editorial presents concern for the lack of structural changes and a call for us as a global community to do better in preventing and ending homelessness.

Thomas Magelinski, Kathleen M. Carley

This paper examines the link between conversational communities on Twitter and their members' expressions of social identity. It specifically tests the presence of community prototypes, or collections of attributes which define a group through meta-contrast: high in-group cohesiveness and high out-group distinctiveness. Analyzing four datasets of political discussions ranging from roughly 4 to 30 million tweets, we find strong evidence for the presence of distinctive community prototypes. We observe that community prototypes are constructed through hashtags, mentions, emojis, and identity-phrases. This finding situates prior work on the identity signaling of individual users within a larger group process playing out within communication communities. Community prototypes are then constructed for specific communities by measuring the salience of identity signals for each community. Observed community prototypes tend to be based on political ideology, location and language, or general interests. While the presence of community prototypes may be a natural group behavior, the high levels of contrast observed between communities displaying ideologically opposed prototypes indicate the presence of identity-related polarization.

Moyi Tian, Pablo Moriano

Communities often represent key structural and functional clusters in networks. To preserve such communities, it is important to understand their robustness under network perturbations. Previous work in community robustness analysis has focused on studying changes in the community structure as a response of edge rewiring and node or edge removal. However, the impact of increasing connectivity on the robustness of communities in networked systems is relatively unexplored. Studying the limits of community robustness under edge addition is crucial to better understanding the cases in which density expands or false edges erroneously appear. In this paper, we analyze the effect of edge addition on community robustness in synthetic and empirical temporal networks. We study two scenarios of edge addition: random and targeted. We use four community detection algorithms, Infomap, Label Propagation, Leiden, and Louvain, and demonstrate the results in community similarity metrics. The experiments on synthetic networks show that communities are more robust when the initial partition is stronger or the edge addition is random, and the experiments on empirical data also indicate that robustness performance can be affected by the community similarity metric. Overall, our results suggest that the communities identified by the different types of community detection algorithms exhibit different levels of robustness, and so the robustness of communities depends strongly on the choice of detection method.

Guy Nasmyth, Catherine Etmanski, Sabine Lehr

This article documents an example of a successful learning partnership for an activity called the Leadership Challenge (LC), an experiential learning design used by Royal Roads University (RRU) in its Master of Arts in Leadership Program. The LC is based on a co-learning model in which professors create the conditions for students’ learning; community-based organizations bring an authentic challenge as a scenario for learning to the students; and organizations, professors, and students all learn from one another throughout the process. We believe this experience is an example of how genuine partnerships between universities and community organizations can be created in which community partners are squarely placed in the center of the academic experience, rather than being treated as peripheral. Written from the perspective of representatives from both the university and the community service organization, this article also documents the limitations of this activity based on the short time frame allowed.

Gizem Mahmuriye Çiftçi

The Americans who came to Turkey, particularly during the 1950, as part of efforts to develop Turkish-American relations during the Cold War period, led to an increase in mutual cultural exchange and understanding between the two countries. One of these Americans was Elizabeth McNeill Leicester, who wrote a book entitled ‘Memories of 1950 in Ankara, Turkey' during the time she spent in Ankara on an official mission during this period when the cultural influence of America was felt most keenly. Another example of written memoirs is ‘Assignment in Ankara', which was written by Lucile Saunders McDonald and Zola Helen Ross. These books, which represent the written observations of the two women, contain profound insights into the social and cultural life of Ankara in the 1950s, and thus represent important first-hand historical sources. This study uses the books of Elizabeth McNeill Leicester and Lucile Saunders McDonald to help reveal the socio-cultural structure of Ankara in the 1950s while analyzing the authors' perspectives on Turkish women in Ankara and discussing the activities of Americans in Turkey. The insights provided in the books demonstrate that traditional structures were strongly maintained in Ankara, especially for women, despite the modernization of the 1950s.

Nitish Gupta, Kurt Wilson, Zhishan Guo

Motion planning and control in autonomous car racing are one of the most challenging and safety-critical tasks due to high speed and dynamism. The lower-level control nodes are expected to be highly optimized due to resource constraints of onboard embedded processing units, although there are strict latency requirements. Some of these guarantees can be provided at the application level, such as using ROS2's Real-Time executors. However, the performance can be far from satisfactory as many modern control algorithms (such as Model Predictive Control) rely on solving complicated online optimization problems at each iteration. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective multi-threading technique to optimize the throughput of online-control algorithms for resource-constrained autonomous racing platforms. We achieve this by maintaining a systematic pool of worker threads solving the optimization problem in parallel which can improve the system performance by reducing latency between control input commands. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method using the Model Predictive Contouring Control (MPCC) algorithm running on Nvidia's Xavier AGX platform.

Chris G. Antonopoulos, Mohammad H. Akram, Vasileios Basios et al.

The slogan "nobody is safe until everybody is safe" is a dictum to raise awareness that in an interconnected world, pandemics such as COVID-19, require a global approach. Motivated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we model here the spread of a virus in interconnected communities and explore different vaccination scenarios, assuming that the efficacy of the vaccination wanes over time. We start with susceptible populations and consider a susceptible-vaccinated-infected-recovered model with unvaccinated ("Bronze"), moderately vaccinated ("Silver") and very well vaccinated ("Gold") communities, connected through different types of networks via a diffusive linear coupling for local spreading. We show that when considering interactions in "Bronze"-"Gold" and "Bronze"-"Silver" communities, the "Bronze" community is driving an increase in infections in the "Silver" and "Gold" communities. This shows a detrimental, unidirectional effect of non-vaccinated to vaccinated communities. Regarding the interactions between "Gold", "Silver" and "Bronze" communities in a network, we find that two factors play central role: the coupling strength in the dynamics and network density. When considering the spread of a virus in Barabási-Albert networks, infections in "Silver" and "Gold" communities are lower than in "Bronze" communities. We find that the "Gold" communities are the best in keeping their infection levels low. However, a small number of "Bronze" communities are enough to give rise to an increase in infections in moderately and well-vaccinated communities. When studying the spread of a virus in a dense Erdős-Rényi, and sparse Watts-Strogatz and Barabási-Albert networks, the communities reach the disease-free state in the dense Erdős-Rényi networks, but not in the sparse Watts-Strogatz and Barabási-Albert networks. However, we also find that if all these networks...

Aditya Ballal, Willow B. Kion-Crosby, Alexandre V. Morozov

We present a novel approach to partitioning network nodes into non-overlapping communities - a key step in revealing network modularity and hierarchical organization. Our methodology, applicable to networks with both weighted and unweighted symmetric edges, uses random walks to explore neighboring nodes in the same community. The walk-likelihood algorithm (WLA) produces an optimal partition of network nodes into a given number of communities. The walk-likelihood community finder (WLCF) employs WLA to predict both the optimal number of communities and the corresponding network partition. We have extensively benchmarked both algorithms, finding that they outperform or match other methods in terms of the modularity of predicted partitions and the number of links between communities. Making use of the computational efficiency of our approach, we investigated a large-scale map of roads and intersections in the state of Colorado. Our clustering yielded geographically sensible boundaries between neighboring communities.

Karen Thorsen

Filmmaker Karen Thorsen gave us James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket, the award-winning documentary that is now considered a classic. First broadcast on PBS/American Masters in August, 1989—just days after what would have been Baldwin’s sixty-fifth birthday—the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 1990. It was not the film Thorsen intended to make. Beginning in 1986, Baldwin and Thorsen had been collaborating on a very different film project: a “nonfiction feature” about the history, research, and writing of Baldwin’s next book, “Remember This House.” It was also going to be a film about progress: about how far we had come, how far we still have to go, before we learn to trust our common humanity. But that project ended abruptly. On 1 December 1987, James Baldwin died—and “Remember This House,” book and film died with him. Suddenly, Thorsen’s mission changed: the world needed to know what they had lost. Her alliance with Baldwin took on new meaning. The following memoir—the second of two serialized parts—explores how and why their collaboration began. The first installment appeared in the sixth volume of James Baldwin Review, in the fall of 2020; the next stage of their journey starts here.