Hasil untuk "Cities. Urban geography"

D. Wachsmuth, Alexander Weisler

Airbnb and other short-term rental services are a topic of increasing concern for urban researchers, policymakers, and activists, because of the fear that short-term rentals are facilitating gentrification. This article presents a framework for analyzing the relationship between short-term rentals and gentrification, an exploratory case study of New York City, and an agenda for future research. We argue that Airbnb has introduced a new potential revenue flow into housing markets which is systematic but geographically uneven, creating a new form of rent gap in culturally desirable and internationally recognizable neighborhoods. This rent gap can emerge quickly—in advance of any declining property income—and requires minimal new capital to be exploited by a range of different housing actors, from developers to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Performing spatial analysis on three years of Airbnb activity in New York City, we measure new capital flows into the short-term rental market, identify neighborhoods whose housing markets have already been significantly impacted by short term, identify neighborhoods which are increasingly under threat of Airbnb-induced gentrification, and estimate the amount of rental housing lost to Airbnb. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda on gentrification and the sharing economy.

Flávia Guerra, Sneha Roy, Lionel Muñoz Rosas et al.

Abstract Cities are at the forefront of the climate crisis, requiring innovative approaches to foster sustainability transformations. Urban Labs offer a promising avenue for engaging diverse stakeholders and driving transformative change, yet the role of mindset shifts of people involved in these processes remains underexplored. This article presents a longitudinal study of five Urban Labs in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, examining how engagement in these participatory spaces can influence climate-related beliefs, perceptions and attitudes. Building on a multi-tiered analytical framework that combines quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews, we track the evolving mindsets of three stakeholder archetypes (personas)—Skeptical Activists, Optimist Technocrats and Bystanders with Mixed Feelings—over three transformation phases: Coalition building, visioning and co-design, and experimentation. Findings reveal that coalition building and co-design activities were particularly effective in fostering positive mindset shifts among Skeptical Activists and Bystanders, whereas experimentation resonated more with Optimist Technocrats. However, we also highlight the challenges of sustaining these changes in dynamic real-world settings. This research provides valuable lessons for researchers and practitioners seeking to design inclusive processes that build collective responsibility and resilience in addressing climate and related development challenges.

Olena Popelnytska

The purpose of this study is to locate on the territory of modern Kyiv’s Podil the XVII–XVIII-century buildings that no longer exist but were depicted on city plans of the late XVII – early XIX centuries, mentioned in written sources, and studied archaeologically in the XIX–XX centuries. The novelty of the research lies in the demonstration, using Kiev as an example, of the possibility of topographic reconstructions of certain areas of construction in contemporary Ukrainian cities, based on the integrated use of various categories of historical sources. Research methodology consists of scientific principles, historicism, objectivity, analysis methods, classification, generalization, historical-genetic, and historical-typological approaches. The primary outcomes of the study are the localization of three wooden temples (destroyed by fire in 1811), two monastic courtyards (whose owners changed after the secularization of church estates in 1786), and one private estate on the territory of modern Kyiv’s Podil, which changed its function during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Prospects for future research include expanding knowledge of the historical development of Kiev’s Podil during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries through the discovery of new historical sources, with the help of which it will be possible to locate additional buildings in this urban historical district. The practical significance of the achieved results is that they can be used to write scientific researches, popular science articles and tour guides, create museum exhibits, etc. The originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time using a complex of historical sources on the modern topographic basis of Kyiv’s Podil, the Church of the Savior, Church of the Holy Spirit, and Church of St. Basil, as well as Mezhyhirya’s and Pereyaslav’s monastic courtyards and Tornoviot’s estate – silk garden – old contract house are localized.

Xi Liu, Li Gong, Yongxi Gong et al.

Delineating travel patterns and city structure has long been a core research topic in transport geography. Different from the physical structure, the city structure beneath the complex travel-flow system shows the inherent connection patterns within the city. On the basis of taxi-trip data from Shanghai, we built spatially embedded networks to model intra-city spatial interactions and to introduce network science methods into the analysis. The community detection method is applied to reveal sub-regional structures, and several network measures are used to examine the properties of sub-regions. Considering the differences between long- and short-distance trips, we reveal a two-level hierarchical polycentric city structure in Shanghai. Further explorations of sub-network structures demonstrate that urban sub-regions have broader internal spatial interactions, while suburban centers are more influential on local traffic. By incorporating the land use of centers from a travel-pattern perspective, we investigate sub-region formation and the interaction patterns of center–local places. This study provides insights into using emerging data sources to reveal travel patterns and city structures, which could potentially aid in developing and applying urban transportation policies. The sub-regional structures revealed in this study are more easily interpreted for transportation-related issues than for other structures, such as administrative divisions.

Kristin Kjærås

Compact city strategies have become central to the development of urban sustainability politics. Cities across the globe are pursuing high-density, mixed-use developments and energy-efficient transportation systems. However, the correlation between compact city strategies and achieved sustainability is largely taken for granted in public and academic debates. Providing a spatial critique of the theory guiding compact city policy and practice, this article demonstrates how the prioritisation of urban form and territorial boundaries in measuring sustainability ultimately ignores the societal and environmental effects and foundations of current compact city approaches. Building upon this critique, I argue for a relational orientation that can attune research and practice to the compact city’s intensive and extensive constitution and consequently to its actual and potential (re)production. Analysing Oslo’s involvement in the EU network ‘Sub>Urban: Reinventing the Fringe’, and work that has followed from this network, the article develops three critical perspectives to advance compact city theorisation beyond traditional frameworks: (1) the relational topographies of the compact city; (2) the relational intensities of the compact city; and (3) the planetary constitution of the compact city. In doing so, a critical geography of how the compact city is produced – discursively and materially – is proposed.

Luca Mora, M. Deakin, Xiaoling Zhang et al.

ABSTRACT This Special Issue begins with a middle-range theory of sustainable smart city transitions, which forms bridges between theorizing in smart city development studies and some of the foundational assumptions underpinning transition management and system innovation research, human geography, spatial planning, and critical urban scholarship. This interdisciplinary theoretical formulation details our evidence-based interpretation of how smart city transitions should be conceptualized and enacted in order to overcome the oversimplification fallacy resulting from corporate discourses on smart urbanism. By offering a broad and realistic understanding of smart city transitions, the proposed theory combines different smart-city-related concepts in a model which attempts to expose what causal mechanisms surface in sustainable smart city transitions and to guide empirical inquiry in smart city research. Together with all the authors contributing to this Special Issue, our objective is to give smart city research more robust scientific foundations and to generate theoretical propositions upon which subsequent large-scale empirical testing can be conducted. With the proposed middle-range theory, different empirical settings can be investigated by using the same analytical elements, facilitating the cross-case analysis and synthesis of the systematic research efforts which are progressively contributing to shedding light on the assemblage of sustainable smart city transitions.

Simon Runkel

Jürgen Hasse hat mit Wohnungswechsel. Phänomenologie des Ein- und Auswohnens einen Essay vorgelegt, der auf Erfahrung mit Umzügen schließen lässt. Es ist ein seltsamer und schöner Text. Seltsam, weil die literarisch-phänomenologische Schreibweise und Sprache in den raumbezogenen Wissenschaften bedauerlicherweise nur noch selten anzutreffen ist. Schön, weil es denkwürdig und anregend ist, dem Autor auf seiner verdichteten Erkundung des Phänomens zu folgen.

David Castro Lugo, Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez, Raúl Ramos Lobo

El objetivo del documento es analizar el comportamiento de la brecha salarial por género, desagregando trabajadores formales e informales, y contrastar la existencia de convergencia regional, para el periodo 2005-2017 en México. Aplicando la metodología Oaxaca-Blinder, se obtienen mediciones de brecha salarial ajustada a los efectos composición y se analiza la existencia de σ y β convergencia entre los estados mexicanos. Los resultados aportan evidencia de convergencia σ, β y β-condicionada. Se identifica que el componente explicado juega un papel más relevante en los trabajadores formales, mientras que la parte no explicada lo hace en trabajadores informales.

Sara Safransky

Noemí Adagio, Maria Claudina Blanc

Enrico Tedeschi fue contratado como profesor extraordinario en 1948 para integrarse al Instituto de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Tucumán. De todas las actividades y tareas asumidas, desempeñó de manera ininterrumpida la docencia: primero en Tucumán, luego en San Juan y Córdoba y más tarde también en Mendoza. Desde ese ejercicio, siempre reflexivo, sus ideas se infiltraron en debates teóricos y culturales, en discusiones institucionales y también en otros ámbitos disciplinares. Los desafíos de la enseñanza de la arquitectura y de la formación del arquitecto fueron las preocupaciones centrales sobre las que volvió, una y otra vez, y dibujaron una trama que dio sentido a su trayectoria y a su obra teórica y crítica. En este artículo se destacan los temas que le interesaron desde su formación y que repensó continuamente con absoluta pertinencia cultural durante treinta años.

David Albouy, Gabriel Ehrlich, Minchul Shin

Abstract We estimate the first cross-sectional index of transaction-based land values for every U.S. metropolitan area. The index accounts for geographic selection and incorporates novel shrinkage methods using a prior belief based on urban economic theory. Land values at the city center increase with city size, as do land-value gradients; both are highly variable across cities. Urban land values are estimated at more than two times GDP in 2006. These estimates are higher and less volatile than estimates from residual (total - structure) methods. Five urban agglomerations account for 48% of all urban land value in the United States.

Monika Płaziak

W artykule zaprezentowano badania empiryczne dotyczące oceny atrakcyjności centrum miasta i centrow dzielnic administracyjnych Krakowa, opierając się na opiniach mieszkańcow. Badania potwierdzają powszechne koncepcje hierarchicznego zaopatrywania się w dobra, czyli klasyczną teorię miejsc centralnych. Jak wykazały analizy, mieszkańcy Krakowa zdecydowanie częściej odwiedzają centra dzielnic niż jego centrum, co jest związane z mniejszą odległością centrow dzielnic od miejsc zamieszkania, jak rownież ze zrożnicowanym zagospodarowaniem, dostosowanym do odmiennych potrzeb ludności, realizowanych w obu rodzajach centrow. Stwierdzono zależność między częstszymi odwiedzinami centrum dzielnicy a częstszymi odwiedzinami centrum miasta, co może świadczyć o bardziej mobilnym stylu życia pewnej grupy osob. Respondenci oceniają centrum miasta jako atrakcyjniejsze niż centra dzielnicowe. Zdecydowanie najniższa ocena dotyczyła oferty kulturalnej i rozrywkowej w centrach dzielnic. Jedynie poczucie bezpieczeństwa w centrum miasta uzyskało niższą ocenę niż w centrach dzielnic.

T. Santos, N. Gomes, S. Freire et al.

Edyta Masierek

Redaktion sub\urban

Jerzy Dzieciuchowicz

Przedmiotem tego opracowania jest struktura i typologia przestrzenna ludności Polski ukształtowana po 1990 roku. Rozpatrując strukturę przestrzenną ludności uwzględniono rozmieszczenie, gęstość i koncentrację ludności. Część pracy odnosząca się do przestrzennej typologii demograficznej zawiera oprócz omówienia zastosowanej metody badań typologicznych, analizę uzyskanych wyników.

A. Scott, E. Soja

Hamid Reza Varesi, Esmaeil Kamali Bagh-rahi

Housing is one of the most basic human needs and is considered one of the critical issues in developing countries. Due to the economic mismanagement, lack of planning for housing and the rapid growth of urban population, there has been a mismatch between housing supply and demand in many cities of Iran which enhances the need for the advanced planning.  The current study aims   to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing in the Jiroft city and compare with other cities of Iran. It further aims to forcast the housing demand of this city for 1400. The current study applies descriptive – analytical method, and relies on library resources, population statistics, housing censuses, comprehensive plan of Jiroft and field research. The study finds that during the period 1345-1390 Jiroft housing has been improved both in term of quantity and quality .even though in some it is considered in lower level than other cities of Iran. In addition the study forecasts that in 1400 based on the population of city 15774 new housing units as well as 1246146 square meter of land lot will be required.

Cuitláhuac Valdez-Lafarga, Jorge Inés León-Balderrama

En este trabajo se examina el nivel de heterogeneidad de las entidades federativas mexicanas en cuanto a su potencial y desempeño como sistemas de innovación. El objetivo central es la clasificación de los sistemas regionales de innovación (sri), en el contexto de las entidades federativas, a partir de una serie de indicadores correspondientes a sus condiciones socioeconómicas e institucionales, así como a sus capacidades y resultados en innovación. Mediante análisis de clusters se muestra la existencia de seis tipos de sri en México, con fortalezas y debilidades distintivas, en términos de las dimensiones de innovación propuestas.

P. Muller