Hasil untuk "Biography"

Gökhan Okumuş, A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz, Gerdy A. Verschuure-Stuip

Historically, the Menderes (Maeander) River has played a crucial role in the development of settlements and cultures, shaping the natural, social, cultural, economic, and governmental dynamics of western Anatolia. Known as the “Valley of Civilizations,” its delta contains water-related heritage, knowledge, and traditions, encompassing agricultural and urban development as well as industrial and technological innovation. Today, the river’s layered landscape reflects a centuries-long history of water management and infrastructure. While the river remains critical to the continuity of life in the region, communities along its course have lost many sociocultural connections and meaningful relationships with water and the river. This article reports on research that aims to restore those connections by using water as a unifying element and catalyst, applying a “landscape biography” approach to promote the holistic and sustainable heritage conservation and management of the Menderes River landscape and its communities.

Aiko Möhwald

One characteristic of Physical Education [PE] is its body-relatedness. A binary gender logic is pervasive in PE, shaping the perceptions, thoughts, and behaviours of both students and teachers. From a cis- and heteronormative perspective, this binarity goes along with inequality and discrimination. PE can be an especially sensitive context for trans* persons, whose gender and body identity differs from the sex assigned at birth. The body is seen as a medium, in which the consequences of a gender binary and heteronormative system is visible, represented and produced through performativity. Simultaneously, socially constructed bodies influence subjective experiences and practices. This interview study provides insight into trans* students’ perspectives regarding their embodied experiences and their construction of their (gendered) body in PE. Semi-structured interviews with five trans* women and seven trans* men were conducted. The interviews included topics related to their gender biography and their experiences in school, PE and extracurricular sports. The data analysis is based on Grounded Theory. The inseparable interplay of gender and body, which affects the trans* students’ gender identity, was highlighted in the perception and construction of PE and the body. The trans* body in PE is construed in a functional, symbolic and aesthetic dimension. These bodily experiences and constructions cannot be separated from incorporated gender and body norms which are actualised through performativity. The intersection of gender, body and identity paints a complex picture of trans* students’ bodily experiences in PE, where affirmation, but also self-doubt and degradation of one’s gender identity occur. Based on the results, pedagogical and didactic considerations for more trans* inclusive PE can be derived.

Ирина Бетко

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of motives of the author’s birthday and death day in the creative legacy of Lesya Ukrainka and Marina Tsvetaeva. The methodology is determined by the use of sources representing symbolic biographies of modernist writers. The paradigm of Lesya Ukrainka’s biography is set by the motif of unlucky birthday. The motif of a bitter fate in connection with the author’s birthday is heard in the final text of the cycle Poems about Moscow by Tsvetaeva. The placement of accents of life and death in this cycle allows us to consider it in the general typolog-ical series with Lesya Ukrainka’s poem Contra spem spero! The fourth text of Tsvetaeva’s cycle is marked by the pathos of protest against death. It echoes the poem by the Ukrainian writer, Do you remember, when I said… The research reveals a panorama of typological parallels in the context of the life and creativity of two outstanding writers.

Carolina Spovieri

Biographical events often seemed to motivate the works of Carol Rama (1918–2015). The rubber strips used in the Rubbers series (1970) are, for example, presented as the inner tubes of old bicycle tyres from her father’s factory. If these rubber strips have aroused any interest, it has generally been to study them from the point of view of Rama’s past, by bringing them back to the family tragedy of her father’s suicide. But if we move beyond this biographical approach, leaving behind the life of the artist to follow the historical trajectory of rubber strips (the ordinary use and function of the tyre, its use as an artistic material), it becomes possible to raise new hypotheses for reading the work in a different way. First, while the commercial origin of the object points to its perishable nature, the worn state of the tyre also tells us something about the artist’s choice to incorporate it into her work, as someone who loves “things that make a living” (Vergine, 1985). By stripping it of its status as an unusable commodity, the creative gesture gives the waste a kind of new memory, like a second life that makes it autonomous. Similarly, the ageing process of the tyre, which features prominently in the series, could ironically point to the short life of the objects of the bourgeois society from which Rama came, and simultaneously indicate the obsolescence of the medium itself, as the object replaces paint. Moreover, the Rubbers could contain “the crisis of the painting as a normal institution in the painting of our past” (Sanguineti, 1994). Taking seriously the multiple factors that contribute to tracing the life of these rubber strips would allow us to reflect on the interpretative dimensions of art based on the biography of the materials and not just that of the artist.

Johanna Gehmacher, Kirsti Niskanen, Katharina Prager

Building on the growing literature on academic households and creative couples, this special issue aims to contribute to these discussions by taking a closer look at the connection between knowledge production, everyday life, and scientific and scholarly personae. This introductory article explains the concept of persona as a mediating link between individual biographies and social institutions and contextualizes the issue of academic and non-academic support for scientists and scholars. The chapter also introduces the five articles in the special issue that examine and discuss the lives and collaborative work of creative individuals from the late 19th to the late 20th century.

Alexei Lyubomudrov

For the first time а complete correspondence between Leonid Zurov (1902  –1971), the writer of the Russian Diaspora, and Viktor Manuilov (1903  –1987), a famous literary researcher, is introduced into a scientific usage. The main theme of their letters is the problem of transferring to Russia Ivan Bunin’s manuscript and memorial heritage, of which Zurov became the owner. The publication clarifies the reasons why the long and hard negotiations ended without any success. It allows to define more exactly the details and circumstances of this case. The correspondence affects the names of many key figures of cultural life both of the Russian abroad and Metropolitan area. It characterizes those persons who actively supported the return of Bunin's legacy as well as officials who blocked the process. The material reflects the struggle of Russian writers, scientists, museum curators against the Soviet bureaucratic machine for which Bunin was always ideologically alien. It paints a picture of the public sentiment and the Soviet cultural policy of the 1960s. Some letters concern Zurov’s articles devoted to M. Lermontov as well as his work on the novel “Winter Palace”. The publication allows to clarify Zurov’s psychological portrait and to identify a number of significant episodes in the V. Manuilov’s scientific biography.

Halil Tekiner

Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin (1924–2018), a renowned Turkish orientalist and historian of science, was the founder and long-term director of the Institute of the History of the Arab-Islamic Sciences at J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany since 1982. With respect to medical sciences, he outlined the historical development of medical literature in Islamic civilizations by introducing the works and contributions of many medical authors of the Islamic Golden Age. Among them, the third (1970) and fourth (1971) volumes of his voluminous work Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (History of Arabic Writings), a systematically organized bio-bibliographical reference on the history of science and technology in the Islamic world, are of particular importance. He also established Frankfurt's (1983) and Istanbul's (2008) Museum for the History of Science and Technology in Islam, bringing together nearly 800 ingenious replicas of historical scientific instruments and medical tools.

Jacek Burski

The article focuses on the problem of life strategies adapted by the representatives of young Polish middle-class in the (post)transformation period in Poland towards different aspects of social change. On the basis of two research projects focused on the consequences of the Polish systemic transformation, I discuss issues related to biographical experiences of this process. The main theoretical and methodological background is concentrated on using the autobiographical narrative interview to analyze coping strategies in relation to the class position of examined cases. The interviews taken under consideration have been conducted with young men who could be described as middle-class members.

Ahmad Muqorobin, Ahmad Rayhan

Leader is a very urgent figure in our daily life. In this case a lot of questions about the ideal leader figure who is able to lead this country. The reality is very difficult to find the ideal leader figure, until finally many discourses that say that the leader is not important Muslims or infidels. The most important factor is that he should be able to lead his community fairly. Religious issues are not considered because religion and the state are different things. This led to differences of opinion among 'ulama-'ulama Islam . This research focus to know the opinion of Ibn Taymiyyah related to problems of leadership infidels against Muslims in the government. Research this using type of literature research with normative approach for more in-depth discussion and can achieve the purpose of the background of the problem . In collecting these data the author use the method of documentation to collect the works of Ibn Taimiyah . Furthermore , the author uses the method of deduction to explain the biography of Ibn Taymiyah and the general view of kafir leadership. From sight general the researchers take the essence of the kafir's leadership over a Muslim and a natural government . In order for the analysis to be accomplished more deeply, the author develops his analysis by using descriptive analysis techniques. The result of this discussion concludes that Ibn Taymiyyah forbade kafir leaders to lead a majority Muslim government , and the words of Ibn Taymiyya who said that 'justice is the absolute prerequisite of a leader, and Allah helps a state that is' just though infidels', due to the time of Ibn Taymiyah there are so many Muslim leaders who do not apply 'justly, so this can only apply in that time and circumstance. The kafir leader can not lead justly because a kafir has not been able to deal justly with himself by not believing in Allah SWT.

archpriest Vladyslav Fulmes

A special historical discipline – prosoiography is one of the methods of historical and biographical research, contributes to the in-depth and detailed study of biographies of historical personalities. Today, due to the need of studying and reporting to the general public the ways of life of the prominent personalities of the Church of Christ and to restore the historical memory of our people, we must remember those, who in the various historical periods of the development of our Church and State remained the light of true Christianity and science. Bishop of Kaniv Sylvester (Malevansky) is the famous person of the Church of Christ. He contributed to the development of spiritual science through his inspirational works and archipostoral activities, being firstly the teacher, inspector, and later – the rector of the Kiev Theological Academy. The thorny way of the scholar-theologian and the priest activity Sylvester (Malevansky) began in the old spiritual education center in Volhynia – the Volyn Theological Seminary. There he received deep theological knowledge as well as spiritual experience and perfection, which later led him to the realization and acceptance of the monasticism. Due to successful scientific work in the field of theology, Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky) was suggested as an outstanding graduates of the Volyn Theological Seminary. His church-administrative, teaching, and especially scientific activity was inscribed in the history of domestic theology and in the Kiev Theological Academy for centuries. In this article, based on the literature, we present the reconstruction of the fragments of the biography of Sylvester (Malevansky) – an outstanding graduate of the Volyn Theological Seminary, Bishop of Kaniv, vicar of the Kiev diocese, teacher and rector of the Kiev Theological Academy. The source of the research is the memories of his contemporaries, as well as obituaries, posted on the pages of the scientific journal "Proceedings of the Kiev Theological Academy". The analysis of these sources makes it possible to compile in detail a prosoiographical portrait of the Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky). These biographical facts characterize Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky) as a bright theological scientist who made a significant contribution to the development of spiritual education and church history, since he devoted his life to science and God for the development of the Orthodox Church.

Arthur Halliday

A dialogue and a reflection are offered as a way of structuring the author’s thoughts about the life and personality of a dead friend (the dialogue), and his reflection on why he wrote the first dialogue as he did. In particular, the dialogue seeks to present the dead man as confusing to ‘read’. The reflection considers how much attention is given in the first to different aspects of the friend’s life, and offers possible reasons for these choices. Reasons include the personal characteristics of the author highlighted by his friendship with the dead man, and the author’s wish to reflect obliquely something of the felt experience of being the dead man’s friend. Arthur Halliday is a pseudonym.

Margarita TORREMOCHA HERNÁNDEZ

<p>The existence of feminine models for Castilian women in the «postridentine» age is well known. Among these models, it stands out a work written by the Augustinian Fray Luis de León (1583). The great number of editions of the work proves its great success. «La Perfecta Casada» set a prototype of what a married woman should be and was read by many women. Decades after the appearance of this work, another was published in Alcalá (1661), which is not an ideal proposal but the story of a real life: the posthumous biography of Francisca Zorrilla written by her husband, Gabriel Álvarez de Velasco, judge at the «Chancillería» of Santa Fe. Her life, especially her married life, was exemplary. This work focuses on the biographical genre, on the author, on the story of life in its descriptive aspect, as well as on the adjustment to the archetype.</p>

Roberto Zaugg, Andrea Graf

The essay presents a biographical case study devoted to Antonio Savaresi (1773-1830). This Neapolitan military physician, who had arrived in France as republican exile, served in the French armies in Egypt, Martinique and Italy, where he had to cope with plague, ophthalmia and yellow fever epidemics. Reconstructing Savaresi’s biography and analysing his writings allows examining medical thought and practices during the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. The article tackles the process though which scientific knowledge is constructed, focusing on strategies of scholarly self-legitimation, on the combination of European medical doctrines and non-European therapeutic practices, as well as on the links between medicine and racial anthropology.

Francisco Javier Vergara Ciordia, Beatriz Comella Gutiérrez

<p>Parece que la biografía y amplia obra del dominico francés Vicente de Beauvais ha sido poco difundida en España hasta fechas muy recientes. Sin embargo, en los archivos y bibliotecas de nuestro país existen al menos 19 manuscritos y 90 obras impresas localizadas (65 de ellos incunables), según el Catálogo Colectivo del Patrimonio Bibliográfico Español. La historiografía demuestra que la influencia de Beauvais, entre los siglos XIII y XX, es más intensa de lo que hasta ahora se había investigado.A través de estas páginas se pone de manifiesto que el número de obras conservadas de Beauvais es importante, pero más el hecho de que su obra y pensamiento, unida a la tradición clásica y cristiana previa, se ha proyectado en multitud de autores hispanos desde el siglo XIII hasta nuestros días.</p>It seems that biography and extensive work of the French Dominican Vincent of Beauvais has been poorly disseminated in Spain until very recently. However, in the archives and libraries of our country there are at least 19 manuscripts and 90 (65 incunabula of them) printed works are located, according to the Collective Catalogue of the Spanish Bibliographic Heritage. Historiography shows that influence of Beauvais in our country, between the 13th and 20th centuries, is greater than what until now had been studied. Through these pages it is evident that the number of works preserved Beauvais is important, but the fact that his work and thought, united with the previous classical and Christian tradition, is powerful in many Hispanic authors from the XIII century to today.

Luca Bandirali

Death around the corner: Tupac Shakur as afroamerican icon between hip-hop and cinema. The way an artist turns into an icon in the popular music system is allowed by the deep narrative structures detectable in the artist’s biography. The case of Tupac Shakur (1971-1996) as an icon of the afroamerican hip hop subculture of the 90’s exemplifies the process at issue because his biography can be compared to a mitography, as to say that it concides with the archetypal structure of the mono-myth. These structures are strictly connected with the artist’s work as musician, which is often a sort of autobiographical storytelling. Beyond both artistic and biographical profiles of Tupac Shakur there’s a third iconic level: his acting career, which overlaps both life and music, introducing a series of symbolic relations and building a picture of himself. This picture is the main support to the cult icon Tupac Shakur has become.

Damla Çinici

The study is about Giulio Mongeri (1873 – 1951) who was the architect of Ottoman Bank (1926), Ziraat Bank (1926 – 1929), Monopolies Chief Directorate (1928) and Türkiye İş Bank (1929) buildings in Ankara in the first years of the Republic. Giulio Mongeri was one of the architects prominent in architectural activities both in the last years of Ottoman Empire and first years of the Republic and undertook an effective role in the architectural understanding of the next generation by raising the architects of the future as an instructor of the Academy of Fine Arts. In the study, it is aimed to gain especially the sketches and photos obtained from his diary and not published anywhere else to the scientific world as a new contribution to the knowledge in the available publications. Giulio Mongeri himself, his family and environs in which he was raised, his personality and attitude as a trainer have been appraised in the light of new information. The buildings of Mongeri in Ankara have been studied comparatively with the other buildings in Ankara in this period and an attempt is made to assess the differences in his approach.

Gunnthorunn Gudmundsdottir

Online self-expression has proliferated in the last decade or so to such an extent that more people now than ever before engage in some sort of autobiographical activity. Social networking sites are the main gateways for this expression and their framework and rules and restrictions influence the type of narrative told there. This essay examines this given framework, the role of memory and forgetting in this process and how the story is told in words and images. What is remembered and forgotten online and in turn our digital traces must influence our sense of identity. Constantly telling one’s story in words and pictures online opens up new autobiographical practices, some of which in one way or another hark back to earlier practices, such as the diary or the use of the family album in autobiography, others are strictly the result of the new technology. What influence this will have in the long term is difficult to envisage, as the future use of these traces seems to be out of our control.

A. KOSTRYUKOV

The article describes life of Vyatka diocese vicar bishop of Nolinsk Alexander (Malinin). Currently fates of hierarch who was ordained in 1920–1930 isn’t investigated. One of the problems in biography of bishop Alexander is mistake of Metropolitan Elevfery (Bogoyavlensky). He called this hierarch John in his book “A week in Patriarhiya”. As a result, bishop Alexander was mentioned twice in all directories — under his own name and under name “bishop John of Glazov”. Life of bishop Alexander was almost unknown. But his biography was managed to establish. According to an investigative case he was arrested two weeks later, after bishop’s ordination in the night from 10-th to 11-th of December. He was arrested because he said reckless statement during his ordination. In his speech he spoke about persecution of the Church and bishop’ arrests. This speech was pronounced in the in the presence of foreign hierarch — Elevfery (Bogoyavlensky). Bishop Alexander was blamed of trying to transmit information abroad about persecution of the Orthodox Church. He was senteneed to three years in camps. He died when he arrived of the place. In the article is concluded that we should approach to source (such as “A week in Patriarhiya”) with precautions. Moreover, author pay attention that until recently name of bishop Alexander absented in passionless of casualties of Communist repressions. So, we must explore feats of Martyrs and Russian confessors more actively.

aliakbar samkhaniani

The technical prose of Nafathat al-Masdoor was written by Shahab-Eddin Mohammad Khorandezi Zidari Nasavi in the first half of the 7th century on the Islamic lunar calendar. The main theme of the book is an autobiography of the writer during the period of the Mongols attacks; in addition, the book includes valuable historical information. The dual purpose of the writer, who wrote the book for both history and literature, has made researchers and Persian literature linguists express different opinions on the literary value of the book. Some consider the book as a technical prose written to reflect history; thus, questioning the literariness of the prose. Others, however, consider the book as one of the most valuable Persian literature prose works for its artistic utilization of language. Still, some others maintain that the lexical and semantic complexities of Nafathat al-Masdoor prove that the work belongs to only a certain period of time, which reduces its literary value. Using linguistic criticism, the present study explores the literary beauties and deficiencies of this work, and through this procedure, it answers the question as to why there are various opinions on the literary value of Nafathat al-Masdoor. At the end, it is explained that Nafathat al-Masdoor enjoys a well thought-out language in which many lexical and semantic symmetries have been implemented. However, the overall structure of Nafathat al-Masdoor is a reference to biography and history, which reduces the literary value of the work.

Cătălina GUŢANU

Working on ample-form creations is a process consisting of certain phases, which a professor must go through with his/her students. In order to be able to approach this type of work, the student must be instructed by his/her professor to take the following steps: 1.Practice and study the scales and the crosshatches thoroughly, so that the left-hand and right-hand techniques are equally developed; 2.Become familiar with the studies that contain crosshatches from the concerto, which will be approached later. In addition to the previously mentioned steps, we emphasize the fact that studying smaller works is also very important. Prior to exercising the concerto, the professor must explain to the student what an ample form is and what the specifics of this form are, that is its phrasing mode and its method of interpreting hatches, accents, nuances, the melodic course and rhythm. To help the student study the work more easily and approach it correctly from an interpretative and stylistic point of view, the professor should present him/her with information regarding the composer’s biography, the style of the concerto and the period in which it was composed.