Погребальный обряд является одним из важнейших маркеров, позволяющих наиболее точно и достоверно охарактеризовать особенности мировоззрения представителей древних сообществ. В статье предпринята попытка выявить специфику погребального обряда прибрежных культур южноамериканского континента – пайхан (12800–9600 л.н.) и лас-вегас (10800–6600 л.н.), а также очертить возможные перспективы его изучения. Автор дает характеристику современного подхода к изучению погребений: для работы с костными останками активно привлекаются специалисты в области антропологии, генетики, проводятся исследования для определения характера повреждения костей, идентификации по гендерному признаку, диагностики патологий и т.д.
In this paper, I discuss Nowa Ruda and the Kłodzko region as viewed by Karol Maliszewski and represented in his poetry, from his earliest poems written in the second half of the 1980s to his latest poetry collections. My argument revolves around the key concept of a field humanist on which Maliszewski relied to define himself (and his I-speaker). This notion brings together the various social functions Maliszewski performed and the responsibilities he took as a literature scholar, a teacher, a local community member and, above all, a poet producing local verses. These challenges find a suitable generic correspondence in the leporello, an inspiring form as it resists both the writer and the reader since the whole must be first unfolded and studied before attention is eventually devoted to a small fragment the way Maliszewski does.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Arts in general
Background. Yoga, an ancient practice rooted in Indian culture, has gained global recognition for its physical and mental health benefits. Among its practices, Surya Namaskar (SN) stands out as a holistic yogic Sun Salutation exercise combining postures, breathing, and mindfulness, offering physical vitality, mental calmness, and a practical solution to the challenges posed by modern sedentary lifestyles.
Objectives. The objective of the present systematic review was to analyze the effect of SN on overall health and wellness of healthy adults.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in five major databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, using the terms such as “Surya Namaskar”, “Sun Salutation”,“Surya Namaskar and physical fitness”, “Surya Namaskar for adults”, “Sun Salutation for overall health and wellness”,and “Surya Namaskar and sedentary lifestyle”. The articles published in English between 2011 and 2024 were considered in the current review. The systematic search and reporting adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to analyze the methodological quality of the included articles.
Results. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 117 articles were initially retrieved, out of which 11 were finally included, encompassing data from 445 healthy adults from three countries, aged between 18 and 65 years. The duration of the SN intervention varied from four to 24 weeks, with session frequency ranging from three days per week to daily, and a diverse number of cycles. The methodological quality analysis revealed that two articles were of strong, six of moderate, and the remaining three of weak quality.
Conclusions. This systematic review concludes that the practice of the yogic Sun Salutation exercise (SN) is beneficial for improving and maintaining physical fitness, physiological health, and psychological well-being, which determine the overall health and wellness of healthy adults.
<p>Counterfactuals are scenarios that describe alternative ways of how an event, in this case an extreme rainfall event, could have unfolded. In this study, we present the results of a counterfactual search for flash flood events in Germany. We used a radar-based precipitation dataset from Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) to identify the 10 most extreme precipitation events in Germany from 2001 to 2022 and then assumed that any of these top 10 events could have happened anywhere in Germany. In other words, the events were shifted around all over Germany. For all resulting positions of the precipitation fields, we simulated the corresponding peak discharge for any affected catchment smaller than 750 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span>. From all the realizations of this simulation experiment, the maximum peak discharge was identified for each catchment.</p>
<p>In a case study, we first focused on the devastating flood event in July 2021 in western Germany. We found that a moderate shifting of the event in space could change the event peak flow at the Altenahr gauge by a factor of 2. Compared to the peak flow of 1004 m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> caused by the event in its original position, the worst-case counterfactual of that event led to a peak flow of 1311 m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. Shifting another event that had occurred just 1 month earlier in eastern Germany over the Ahr River valley even effectuated a simulated peak flow of 1651 m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>.</p>
<p>For all analysed subbasins in Germany, we found that, on average, the highest counterfactual peak exceeded the maximum original peak (between 2001 and 2022) by a factor of 5.3. For 98 % of the basins, the factor was higher than 2.</p>
<p>We discuss various limitations of our analysis, which are important to be aware of, namely, the quantification and selection of candidate rainfall events, the hydrological model, and the design of the counterfactual search experiment. Still, we think that these results might help to expand the view of what could happen in the case that certain extreme events occurred elsewhere and thereby reduce the element of surprise in disaster risk management.</p>
On 25 July 2017 Juana Rivas publicly announced that she would not obey court orders by not presenting her children at the meeting point with their Italian father, whom she had left a year earlier and whom she accused of domestic violence, and then disappeared with the two children for four weeks. This article focuses on the arguments used to legitimise Juana Rivas' decision, and more specifically the use of the figure of civil disobedience. It examines the strategies employed based on an analysis of the protagonist's discourse, in the letters she made public, and the campaign of support for her launched by various feminist networks and left-wing activists during August 2017 on social networks (#JuanaEstaEnMiCasa) and in the online press. It shows how, in a context of negotiation of the State Pact against Gender Violence, calls for civil disobedience, relayed not by Juana Rivas, but by activist networks, fit into a traditional and innovative repertoire of action aimed at opening a debate on the judicial treatment of this violence and on the protection of children in cases of gender violence. This contribution thus highlights one of the strategies used by Spanish feminists to help energise mobilisation and advance their demand for feminist justice.
Burtseva Tatyana, Mironova Nataliya, Ageeva Olga
et al.
The article studies issue of the optimal structure of the IMC (integrated marketing communications) budget in order to improve the sustainability of the company's development. Authors propose the original
technique for the most optimal resource allocation structure based on the joint analysis procedure. This statistical method considers indicators of
relative importance of attributes and related utilities. Particular attention is paid to the issues of assessing the reliability of the joint analysis results, as
well as the possibility of their visualization. In addition, the article also considers the technology for visualizing the results and approaches to
interpreting the obtained data. The main approaches to assessing the reliability of research data are presented, with special attention to joint analysis criteria.
Metal contamination of skin care products that occurs during their production poses potential health risks, which are of increasing concern, to consumers. Here, we collected 570 responses to an online survey to analyze the usage pattern of skin care products across China. Then a total of 30 commonly used skin care products with various prices and applications were purchased. The concentrations of metals (Al, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Cd) and metalloid As, were determined. Next, we improved the frequency calculation method and used the weighted exposure frequency to calculate the dermal absorption dose (DAD). The amounts of Zn, Cr, and Al that were assimilated by the human body via uptake were approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than those of Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni and metalloid As. In addition, younger consumers were at higher risk of metals exposure than older consumers because of their higher frequency of use of skin care products. Al and Zn posed higher risk to consumers because of its high DAD. There was no significant chronic non-carcinogenic health risk (hazard index < 1) posed by skincare product use.
Basanta Kumar Bindhani, Saraswathy KN, Jayanta Kumar Nayak
et al.
The present study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of sickle cell traits in Koraput district of Odisha along with the financial burden on households. A total of 1092 individuals of either sex, aged above 30 years, were randomly screened. Blood samples from each individual were collected and tested using the sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) technique to determine the presence of the sickled red blood cell. Demographic information and family (n=552) expenditure on health were recorded. The prevalence of sickle cell hemoglobin was found to be 9.43% in the studied population. The sickle cell hemoglobin is widespread in Koraput district of Odisha state and more prevalent in scheduled castes (9.98%) than in tribal groups (3.33 %). The present study observed a tendency for the sickling rate to be higher in people of lower age groups. The average annual healthcare expenditure was very high (3% to 64.4% of the family income) in families with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. In contrast, the healthcare expenditure was 0.78% to 18.4% in families without sickle cell hemoglobin. Furthermore, the study explored that due to the consanguineal marriage practice, hesitance and social stigma toward sickle cell carrier screening, the genetic load is increasing for the sickle cell trait in the studied population.
Abstract South Asia occupies only about 3.5% of the world’s area but, about 25% of the average world’s population lives here and is continuously exposed to severe air pollution. Unprecedented development activities in most of the South Asian cities emit primary and secondary pollutants into the atmosphere. Particulate matter (PM), a principal air pollutant, are tiny enough to remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time (about a week). They can penetrate the human nasal airway and damage the lungs. PM effects on human health are assessed based on their mass concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition. Despite being critically important, studies related to PM effects on human health are limited over South Asia. In recent years, only a few South Asian research groups started studying the ability of atmospheric PM to cause human health hazards by generating in situ reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability of atmospheric PM to produce ROS and/or deplete antioxidants is termed as their oxidative potential (OP). Though limited, efforts are made to identify particular species with the higher OP. Atmospheric aging of PM can also alter their OP. No studies from South Asia, except a few from India, investigated how the atmospheric aging changes the chemical and physical properties of PM and affect their OP over South Asia. These studies also showed that OP depends more on PM composition rather than its concentrations. Therefore, mitigation strategies for reducing PM mass concentrations alone may not be sufficient, and linking PM OP with significant health effects may be a better way to regulate specific sources of PM rather than overall PM mass. This review reports the necessities and limitations for PM OP studies in South Asia and future directions.
La quema del diablo se celebra cada año el 7 de diciembre a las 18:00 horas en Guatemala, tradición que en hacer fogatas en la calle. La contaminación del aire en la ciudad de Guatemala se ha evaluado cualitativamente o basado en estimaciones, por lo que es necesario cuantificar la contaminación del aire cuando se presenta el evento. Se instalaron sensores que miden las partículas con diámetro aerodinámico de 2.5 micrómetros (PM2.5) y 10 micrómetros (PM10). La medición se inició a las 00:00 y se concluyó a las 24 horas. El rango para PM2.5 con valores promedio se encuentra entre 15 a 8 µg m-3 y máximo de 152 µg m-3 y para PM10 promedio 26 a 14 µg m-3 y máximo de 267 µg m-3. Los resultados indican que en el periodo entre las 18:00 a las 21:30 horas, se incrementaron los niveles de partículas de PM2.5 y PM10, a partir de las 22:40 horas, se tuvo picos de las concentraciones de PM2.5 y PM10 debido probablemente a la contaminación arrastrada de los vientos predominantes del noreste y estenordeste, con promedios que superan los límites permitidos de las guías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2005, para material particulado PM2.5 25 µg m-3 y PM10 50 µg m-3.
Johan SETIAWAN, MTh Sri BUDIASTUTI, Evi GRAVITIANI
et al.
The tourist spot of the Top Selfie Kragilan, Mt. Merbabu National Park, a conservation area in Indonesia has not been managed with a business strategy despite the community initiatives increase to utilize the surrounding tourist spots for their livelihood. The study aimed at formulating the tourism business management strategy using Business Model Canvas (BMC) and Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) approaches. BMC modeling used nine aspects, namely customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, and cost structure; then analyzed using SWOT approaches. A total of 377 respondents were interviewed to collect the data. The results showed that every aspect of the old business model has been added or innovated according to the analysis of internal and external factors. Also, there has been a "meeting point" between market expectations, the value offered, and the promotional channels
used. The combined strategy of Aggressive (S-O) and Diversification (S-T) should be applied to mitigate damage impact, conserve the natural resources, and arranging visits and selfie vehicles/ photo spot to boost revenue streams.
The increase of “Community Supported Agriculture” (CSA) and their variants is observed all over the world, from concerns formulated everywhere in very similar terms: to look for a healthy diet, to promote an environment-friendly farming, to favor the relocation of the economy… These reflections about proximity relationships between producers and consumers lean widely on a sharing of experiences spread in a much globalized way, valuing a direct relationship from local to global. However, observations carried out locally in France and Mexico combined with a review of the literature, a cartographic analysis of the CSA in Europe and an analysis of their websites allow to see that this relationship from the local to the global comes in interaction and not in replacement of a multi-scalar territorialization, enlightening one aspect of the supposed convergence between the greening of practices and the territorialization of activities, namely the interplay of geographical scales that this convergence implies.
Le migrazioni sono uno dei fattori di mutamento più potenti della storia dell’umanità e trasformano le società. Il Sud Italia, da anni terra di approdo di flussi ingenti, è un osservatorio europeo privilegiato di queste trasformazioni. Il contributo presenta i risultati di una ricerca-azione realizzata nel Sud Italia nel 2016. Segni di futuro è un progetto che ha coinvolto i dirigenti del Terzo Settore in un laboratorio di ricerca con l’obiettivo di individuare i segni delle trasformazioni in corso e i sintomi di quelle future. I punti di forza dell’indagine, condotta con strategie e tecniche di sociologia visuale, risiedono in una riflessione sui metodi di ricerca visuali e sulla costruzione sociale del punto di vista.