The foremost emphasis of this foundational research letter has been given on analytical investigation of an enhanced simulative study on shortwave infrared gains (SWIRGs) of In0.68Al0.08Ga0.24As/InP lasing nanoscale heterostructure for fiber optic cable communication applications under transverse electric and magnetic bi-modes at 300K. In the starting of this work, taking into account recent and emerging computational technology, an enhanced and improved effective mass theory for single and multi-sub-bands has been utilized to enumerate the appropriate SWIR gain parameters as well as electrons-holes (Es-Hs) levels of quasi-Fermi energies. Under advanced simulation, first of all, the salient computational performances of Es-Hs levels of quasi-Fermi sub-band energies versus injected carriers (1018 cm-3) at 300K have been analysed simulatively. Next, electric and magnetic transverse bi-modes induced several spectral performances of SWIR-gain with wavelengths of photons have also been investigated analytically. In spite of this, the prominent performances of SWIR-differential gain (10-16cm2) with injected carriers (1018 cm-3) under transverse electric and magnetic bi-modes at 300K have been analyzed dominantly. Throughout the results, the peak intensities of SWIR-gain are achieved at wavelengths 1330 nm and 1550 nm corresponding to two crests of SWIR-spectra respectively under transverse bi-modes. Consequently, this emitted SWIR light gain by In0.68Al0.08Ga0.24As/InP heterogeneous nanostructure of wavelengths ~ 1330 nm and 1550 nm can be substantially utilized in the applications of fiber optic cable communications in the transmission of SWIR-signals through the modern process of total internal reflection with minimal attenuations of SWIR-signals (in dB × km-1) owing to lowest fiber dispersions and fiber absorptions.
Over the past decade, algae have emerged as pivotal organisms, increasingly acknowledged for their profound ecological contributions and cutting-edge technological applications, particularly in the development of eco-friendly biomolecules. India's tropical climate and abundant sunlight create ideal conditions for large-scale algae cultivation, with oceans rich in microalgae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates. Of the 30,000 to 40,000 species, only a few are commercially utilized, but more can be explored for environmental, energy, and food security benefits. This review investigates algae-derived natural, carbon neutral biomolecules production and highlighting its scope and challenged in India It also outlines how algae can drive sustainability across sectors such as bio plastics, biofuels, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, along with emerging trends in the fashion industry like bio beads and bio leather. By lowering costs and reducing carbon emissions in algal biorefineries, these strategies contribute to a sustainable future. However, obstacles such as the energy-intensive production process and the need for optimized biorefinery pathways impede large-scale commercialization. Moreover, India's algae products market faces challenges, including low consumer awareness, difficulties in ensuring sustainable sourcing, and strict regulatory standards. Competition from conventional products, coupled with the need for continuous innovation to improve taste and versatility, further complicates market expansion.
In this paper, we theoretically investigate the optical characteristics of a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal (1D-TPC) structure designed for tunable multichannel filtering applications in visible region. The structure consists of a periodic arrangement of three dielectric layers—Ta2O5, SiO2, and TiO2. The optical characteristics of 1D-TPC are investigated using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) in the visible wavelength range (400–800 nm), which gave few transmission peaks. The number of unit cells influenced the number of transmission peaks and spectral sharpness too. Furthermore, the effect of incident angle on transmission is explored for both TE and TM polarizations. A blue shift and narrowing of transmission peaks are observed at higher angles, particularly for TE mode. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed 1D-TPC as a compact, tunable multichannel filter for photonic and optical communication systems.
We investigate the evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the framework of cyclic cosmology, focusing on the effects of dark matter–modified Hawking radiation. We introduce a generalized mass-loss model incorporating dark matter interaction terms, characterized by a coupling strength parameter ψ and an interaction exponent p. This model predicts a significant reduction in black hole evaporation timescales. For a SMBH with mass , the evaporation time decreases from the classical estimate of approximately billion years to as low as 4.2×10⁷ years for moderate coupling values. A parameter study over ψ ranging from 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻³ and p from 0 to 2 reveals that the evaporation process is highly sensitive to these variables, allowing efficient mass–energy recycling within a single cosmological cycle. These dynamics contrast sharply with predictions from the standard ΛCDM model, where black hole evaporation is negligible on cosmological timescales; our results suggest that observable deviations in SMBH mass functions, gravitational wave signatures, and high-energy emissions could differentiate cyclic from ΛCDM scenarios. We discuss potential observational implications and propose preliminary constraints on the interaction parameters based on upcoming cosmological surveys. These findings position SMBHs as critical components in the dynamical and thermodynamic evolution of cyclic cosmology, opening new directions for both theoretical investigation and observational validation.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have drawn a lot of interest due to their special qualities, which include large surface area, super para magnetism, and ease of functionalization. These qualities make MNPs perfect for use in electronics, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. This article delivers a critical and nuanced overview, integrating diverse perspectives to advance a deeper understanding of MNP synthesis, characterization, and applications. Typical synthesis methods are covered, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition, and co-precipitation. This paper also covers important characterization methods for evaluating the structural and magnetic properties of MNPs, including vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The many uses of MNPs in areas such as environmental pollution control, bio-sensing, and biomedicine are also covered. In addition to offering mechanistic insight into the synthesis, functionalization, and use of MNPs, this thorough analysis also describes the limitations and future possibilities.
Abstract. The present work comprises the systematic computational chemical findings on Chlorofullerene (C60Cl6). The molecular structure of C60Cl6 was optimized by density function theory (DFT)/B3LYP model of 6-31G(d,p) basis set using Gaussian 09 program. The infrared and Raman spectra were simulated and assigned for C60Cl6 molecule. Carbon – chlorine stretching vibrations are found to be in the range 150-900 cm-1 and the chains are strongly affected with the radial vibrations of the carbon sphere. The optimized geometries at ground-state of the molecules are calculated without any geometrical restriction, except those enforced by symmetry and the molecules are found to be minima on their respective potential energy surfaces. The optimized structures have been subjected to Gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO), the chemical shielding tensors using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) in solvent phase with the aim of calculating 13C chemical shift values with respect to trimethylsilane (TMS) as computational reference. Molecular acuteness and stability were investigated using the Frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping provides a valuable information regarding the net electrostatic effect produced by net charge distribution of the molecule. Chlorofullerenes are considered to be promising compounds for the investigation of biological action which show pronounced anti-HIV action and low toxicity. Hence, these results set goal in scheming the biocompatible molecules which will be useful in the field of carbon nano medicine and drug delivery application.
This thesis contains two results for the low temperature behavior of quantum spin systems. First, we present a lower bound for the spin-1 XXZ chain in finite volumes in terms of the gap of the two-site Hamiltonian. The estimate is derived by a method developed by Nachtergaele in (cond-mat/9410110) called the Martingale Method. Our bound relies on an assumption which we have, as yet, been unable to verify analytically in all cases. We present numerical evidence that strongly indicates our assumption is valid. The second result is a proof that the spin-1/2, d-dimensional XY model in the presence of an external magnetic field does not undergo a phase transition at low temperature, provided that the strength of the field is great enough. Using a contour expansion inspired by Kennedy, we show that the weights of contours satisfy a condition of Kotecky and Preiss which allows us to express the free energy of the system as a cluster expansion. As part of the setup we give a simple proof that the all-spin-up state is the unique ground state when the external magnetic field has strength at least 2d.
I summarize recent results, obtained with E. Dernier, K. Park, A. Polkovnikov, M. Vojta, and Y. Zhang, on spin and charge correlations near a magnetic quantum phase transition in the cuprates. Static charge order coexisting with dynamic spin correlations has recently been observed around vortices in slightly overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (J. E. Hoffman et al., Science 295, 466 (2002)), and neutron scattering experiments have measured the magnetic field dependence of static spin order in the underdoped regime in La2-δSrδCuO4 (B. Lake et al., Nature 415, 299 (2002)) and LaCuO4+y (B. Khaykovich et al. cond-mat/0112505). Our predictions provide a semi-quantitative description of these observations, with only a single parameter measuring distance from the quantum critical point changing with doping level. These results suggest that a common theory of competing spin, charge and superconducting orders provides a unified description of all the cuprates.
In a previous paper (cond-mat/0106554) we showed the existence of two new zero-temperature exponents (\lambda and \theta') in two dimensional Gaussian spin glasses. Here we introduce a novel low-temperature expansion for spin glasses expressed in terms of the gap probability distributions for successive energy levels. After presenting the numerical evidence in favor of a random-energy levels scenario, we analyze the main consequences on the low-temperature equilibrium behavior. We find that the specific heat is anomalous at low-temperatures c ~ T**\alpha with \alpha=-d/\theta' which turns out to be linear for the case \theta'=-d.
We compare the neutron measurements of Kim et al. (cond-mat/0012239) on two-dimensional, S=1/2 antiferromagnets with the continuum quasiclassical theory of S. Sachdev and O.A. Starykh (cond-mat/9904354). The damping of the lowest energy spin excitations is characterized by a dimensionless number whose temperature dependence was predicted to be determined entirely by that of the uniform spin susceptibility. Theory and experiment are consistent with each other.