Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

Imaan Hameed, Huma Umar, Fozia Umber et al.

In recent years, LLM-based maternal health chatbots have been widely deployed in low-resource settings, but they often ignore real-world contexts where women may not own phones, have limited literacy, and share decision-making within families. Through the deployment of a WhatsApp-based maternal health chatbot with 48 pregnant women in Lahore, Pakistan, we examine barriers to use in populations where phones are shared, decision-making is collective, and literacy varies. We complement this with focus group discussions with obstetric clinicians. Our findings reveal how adoption is shaped by proxy consent and family mediation, intermittent phone access, silence around asking questions, infrastructural breakdowns, and contested authority. We frame barriers to non-use as culturally conditioned rather than individual choices, and introduce the Relational Chatbot Design Grammar (RCDG): four commitments that enable mediated decision-making, recognize silence as engagement, support episodic use, and treat fragility as baseline to reorient maternal health chatbots toward culturally grounded, collective care.

Moslem Rashidi, Luke B. Connelly, Gianluca Fiorentini

We study whether disruptions to preventive care during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affected subsequent acute hospital use. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe from eight countries, we focus on women aged 50-69, the target group for organized breast cancer screening. The outcome is an indicator for any all-cause emergency overnight hospitalization in the prior twelve months. To address selection into screening, we use an instrumental variables design based on six interview-month cohorts in Wave 9 (March-August 2022) interacted with country indicators. Because mammography is reported over a two-year recall window anchored to the interview month, these cohort-by-country interactions shift how much of the March-August 2020 restriction period falls inside the recall window, generating variation in mammography uptake across cohorts within countries. The estimates imply that mammography reduces emergency overnight hospitalization by about six percentage points. No effect appears among women aged 70 and above. Results are robust to controls, disruption measures, and falsification tests.

Lindy Le

The increasing prevalence of neurodivergence has led society to give greater recognition to the importance of neurodiversity. Yet societal perceptions of neurodivergence continue to be predominantly negative. Drawing on Critical Disability Studies, accessibility researchers have demonstrated how neuronormative assumptions dominate HCI. Despite their guidance, neurodivergent and disabled individuals are still marginalized in technology research. In particular, intersectional identities remain largely absent from HCI neurodivergence research. In this paper, I share my perspective as an outsider of the academic research community: I use critical autoethnography to analyze my experiences of coming to understand, accept, and value my neurodivergence within systems of power, privilege, and oppression. Using Data Feminism as an accessible and practical guide to intersectionality, I derive three tenets for reconceptualizing neurodivergence to be more inclusive of intersectional experiences: (1) neurodivergence is a functional difference, not a deficit; (2) neurodivergent disability is a moment of friction, not a static label; and (3) neurodivergence accessibility is a collaborative practice, not a one-sided solution. Then, I discuss the tenets in the context of existing HCI research, applying the same intersectional lens. Finally, I offer three suggestions for how accessibility research can apply these tenets in future work, to bridge the gap between accessibility theory and practice in HCI neurodivergence research

Calla Beauregard, Christopher M. Danforth, Peter Sheridan Dodds

The common phrase 'representation matters' asserts that media has a measurable and important impact on civic society's perception of self and others. The representation of health in media, in particular, may reflect and perpetuate a society's disease burden. Here, for the top 10 major causes of death in the United States, we examine how cinematic representation of overall and by-gender mortality diverges from reality. Using crowd-sourced data on film deaths from Cinemorgue Wiki, we employ natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze shifts in representation of deaths in movies versus the 2021 National Vital Statistic Survey (NVSS) top ten mortality causes. Overall, movies strongly overrepresent suicide and, to a lesser degree, accidents. In terms of gender, movies overrepresent men and underrepresent women for nearly every major mortality cause, including heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The two exceptions for which women are overrepresented are suicide and accidents. We discuss the implications of under- and over-representing causes of death overall and by gender, as well as areas of future research.

Kelly Mendonça

Resumo O artigo analisa estratégias de autorrepresentação que reverberam na escrita e na performance em poesias declamadas em batalhas de poesia, ou slam de poesia, que contam com participação exclusiva de mulheres, com destaque para narrativas de poetas negras conectadas à experiência pessoal e coletiva. A partir de uma abordagem centrada no feminismo decolonial e nos Estudos da Performance, a análise articula o conceito de ‘espaço biográfico’ às noções de memória coletiva e de trauma.

Odette Kelada

This article argues for the critical need to value the voices and creative work of contemporary women writers in Australia. Historically, women writing in Australia have endured erasure, dismissal, and suppression. I argue that there is still, in the modern period, a continued lack of awareness, recognition and education on Australian women’s writing despite targeted awards and the achievements of the feminist movement. This piece reflects back across time, drawing on interviews I conducted and PhD thesis research with women writers in Australia at the turn of the twenty-first century, and maps how the legacies of gendered notions of writers impacted women at this pivotal era to consider what this may mean for women writing today. It also explores how feminist theories such as écriture féminine are helpful for framing and understanding the responses of Australian women writers to the shifting notions of sexual difference and agency in writing. This article aims to provide insights into the complexities of liberation for women from the past to modern times, and the impact of gender on creative expression in Australia across changing social periods.

Ron Buckmire, Carrie Diaz Eaton, Joseph E. Hibdon, et al.

We provide an example of the application of quantitative techniques, tools, and topics from mathematics and data science to analyze the mathematics community itself in order to quantify and document inequity in our discipline. This work is a contribution to the new and growing interdisciplinary field recently termed "mathematics of Mathematics," or "MetaMath." Using data about PhD-granting institutions in the United States and publicly available funding data from the National Science Foundation, we highlight inequalities in departments at U.S. institutions of higher education that produce PhDs in the mathematical sciences. Specifically, we determine that a small fraction of mathematical sciences departments receive a large majority of federal funding awarded to support mathematics in the United States. Additionally, we identify the extent to which women faculty members are underrepresented in mathematical sciences PhD-granting institutions in the United States. We also show that this underrepresentation of women faculty is even more pronounced in departments that received more federal grant funding.

Maitham G. Yousif, Lamiaa Al-Maliki, Jinan J. Al-Baghdadi et al.

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the post-COVID-19 effects on female fertility in patients with a history of severe COVID-19 infection. Data were collected from 340 patients who had previously experienced severe COVID-19 symptoms and sought medical assistance at private clinics and fertility centers in various provinces of Iraq. A comparative control group of 280 patients, who had not contracted COVID-19 or had mild cases, was included. The study assessed ovarian reserve, hormonal imbalances, and endometrial health in the post-recovery phase. The findings revealed a significant decrease in ovarian reserve, hormonal disturbances, and endometrial abnormalities among patients with a history of severe COVID-19 infection compared to the control group. This in-depth investigation sheds light on the potential long-term impacts of severe COVID-19 on female fertility. The results emphasize the need for further research and targeted interventions to support women affected by post-COVID-19 fertility issues. Understanding these effects is crucial for providing appropriate medical care and support to women on their reproductive journey after recovering from severe COVID-19.

Abdelghani Maddi, Emmanuel Monneau, Catherine Guaspare et al.

This article has a dual objective. Firstly, it aims to investigate whether gender diversity in publications reviewed on Pubpeer has an impact on the (non)retraction of those publications. Secondly, it seeks to analyze the reasons for retractions and examine if there are disparities in retractions based on male-female collaborations. To achieve this, the study utilized a sample of 93,563 publications discussed on Pubpeer spanning the period from 2012 to 2021. The findings reveal that among the reviewed publications, 5% (4,513) were retracted. The concentration index and regression results indicate that publications authored solely by men or led by male authors are 20% to 29% more likely to be retracted compared to those authored solely by women. Regarding the reasons for retractions, the results show that regardless of gender, authors, when working alone, are more prone to engaging in activities such as fake peer review or plagiarism. Women are more concentrated in image manipulation and data errors, while men are more involved in article duplication. Furthermore, the results demonstrate an inverse relationship between the number of authors and retractions, suggesting that a higher number of authors may facilitate better publication control and reduce the temptation for misconduct.

Gabriella Zarri

The pair limes-clausura refers to the ancient Roman fortified frontier road which included defensive elements (cloister) along its route, thus allowing the limes to advance into enemy territory. The same pair must be kept in mind when considering the monastic enclosure – a place of protection and separation, but not of interruption of relations with the outside world. Historiography has investigated the meaning of the Tridentine enclosure in different directions, from time to time assuming as priorities the aspects concerning protection or those pertaining to separation. In this contribution I will highlight the elements that characterize the Tridentine enclosure and its consequences on monastic life, and also show the permeability of strict enclosure.

Somayeh Rostampour

This article aims to analyze the ethnic differentiations and social hierarchies that are deeply rooted in the feminist movements that emerged in post-war Iran (from 1990 to 2017). From the standpoint that comprehends class and ethnicity in their dialectical unity, I will critically examine both the theoretical premises as well as the political implications of dominant strands of Iranian feminism, dubbed here as “centralist reformist feminism”. Specifically, the article focuses on the discourse and the political praxis of one of the most influential feminist movements, namely “One Million Signatures for the Repeal of Discriminatory Laws” that were formed in 2006 in support of changing misogynist laws against women. In addition, five interviews are also conducted with the “ethnic-minority” ex-members of the Campaign, whose immediate political experiences have massively contributed to the richness of this field work. This article concludes that the “centralist feminist”, despite its merits, is primarily constructed based on the social privileges, historical experiences, and political demands of Shia and Persian women who belong to the urban and upper middle classes. Hence, this mode of feminism reproduces the nationalist presuppositions of the Islamic Republic regime and thus marginalizes the social struggles of ethnic-women minorities.

Clark Pignedoli

Muhammad Junaid Haris, Aanchal Upreti, Melih Kurtaran et al.

The problem of gender bias is highly prevalent and well known. In this paper, we have analysed the portrayal of gender roles in English movies, a medium that effectively influences society in shaping people's beliefs and opinions. First, we gathered scripts of films from different genres and derived sentiments and emotions using natural language processing techniques. Afterwards, we converted the scripts into embeddings, i.e. a way of representing text in the form of vectors. With a thorough investigation, we found specific patterns in male and female characters' personality traits in movies that align with societal stereotypes. Furthermore, we used mathematical and machine learning techniques and found some biases wherein men are shown to be more dominant and envious than women, whereas women have more joyful roles in movies. In our work, we introduce, to the best of our knowledge, a novel technique to convert dialogues into an array of emotions by combining it with Plutchik's wheel of emotions. Our study aims to encourage reflections on gender equality in the domain of film and facilitate other researchers in analysing movies automatically instead of using manual approaches.

Wienke Strathern, Juergen Pfeffer

Social media has become an everyday means of interaction and information sharing on the Internet. However, posts on social networks are often aggressive and toxic, especially when the topic is controversial or politically charged. Radicalization, extreme speech, and in particular online misogyny against women in the public eye have become alarmingly negative features of online discussions. The present study proposes a methodological approach to contribute to ongoing discussions about the multiple ways in which women, their experiences, and their choices are attacked in polarized social media responses. Based on a review of theories on and detection methods for misogyny, we present a classification scheme that incorporates eleven different explicit as well as implicit layers of online misogyny. We also apply our classes to a case study related to online aggression against Amber Heard in the context of her allegations of domestic violence against Johnny Depp. We finally evaluate the reliability of Google's Perspective API -- a standard for detecting toxic language -- for determining gender discrimination as toxicity. We show that a large part of online misogyny, especially when verbalized without expletive terms but instead more implicitly is not captured automatically.

Thomas F. Varley, Patrick Kaminski

The idea of intersectionality has become a frequent topic of discussion both in academic sociology, as well as among popular movements for social justice such as Black Lives Matter, intersectional feminism, and LGBT rights. Intersectionality proposes that an individual's experience of society has aspects that are irreducible to the sum of one's various identities considered individually, but are "greater than the sum of their parts." In this work, we show that the effects of intersectional identities can be statistically observed in empirical data using information theory. We show that, when considering the predictive relationship between various identities categories such as race, sex, and income (as a proxy for class) on outcomes such as health and wellness, robust statistical synergies appear. These synergies show that there are joint-effects of identities on outcomes that are irreducible to any identity considered individually and only appear when specific categories are considered together (for example, there is a large, synergistic effect of race and sex considered jointly on income irreducible to either race or sex). We then show using synthetic data that the current gold-standard method of assessing intersectionalities in data (linear regression with multiplicative interaction coefficients) fails to disambiguate between truly synergistic, greater-than-the-sum-of-their-parts interactions, and redundant interactions. We explore the significance of these two distinct types of interactions in the context of making inferences about intersectional relationships in data and the importance of being able to reliably differentiate the two. Finally, we conclude that information theory, as a model-free framework sensitive to nonlinearities and synergies in data, is a natural method by which to explore the space of higher-order social dynamics.

E. Yu. Lerner, R. E. Lerner

Given $n$ men, $n$ women, and $n$ dogs, each man has an incomplete preference list of women, each woman does an incomplete preference list of dogs, and each dog does an incomplete preference list of men. We understand a family as a triple consisting of one man, one woman, and one dog such that each of them enters in the preference list of the corresponding agent. We do a matching as a collection of nonintersecting families (some agents, possibly, remain single). A matching is said to be nonstable, if one can find a man, a woman, and a dog which do not live together currently but each of them would become "happier" if they do. Otherwise the matching is said to be stable (a weakly stable matching in 3-DSMI-CYC problem). We give an example of this problem for $n=3$ where no stable matching exists. Moreover, we prove the absence of such an example for $n<3$. Such an example was known earlier only for $n=6$ (Biro, McDermid, 2010). The constructed examples also allows one to decrease (in two times) the size of the recently constructed analogous example for complete preference lists (Lam, Plaxton, 2019).

Arpita Biswas, Gaurav Aggarwal, Pradeep Varakantham et al.

In many public health settings, it is important for patients to adhere to health programs, such as taking medications and periodic health checks. Unfortunately, beneficiaries may gradually disengage from such programs, which is detrimental to their health. A concrete example of gradual disengagement has been observed by an organization that carries out a free automated call-based program for spreading preventive care information among pregnant women. Many women stop picking up calls after being enrolled for a few months. To avoid such disengagements, it is important to provide timely interventions. Such interventions are often expensive and can be provided to only a small fraction of the beneficiaries. We model this scenario as a restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem, where each beneficiary is assumed to transition from one state to another depending on the intervention. Moreover, since the transition probabilities are unknown a priori, we propose a Whittle index based Q-Learning mechanism and show that it converges to the optimal solution. Our method improves over existing learning-based methods for RMABs on multiple benchmarks from literature and also on the maternal healthcare dataset.

Nadia Chonville

Bin Wang, Catherine Driscoll

ABSTRACT This article considers the importance of social media to contemporary Chinese feminism, in the process introducing two important groups, Feminist Voice and Women’s Awakening, who have used social media platforms for their activism in the past few years. Various online strategies have been taken up by their young members to ensure the best outcome for their advocacy. In particular, these feminists use social media to articulate a specific presence, or voice, that would be more difficult to sustain using more traditional modes of Chinese feminism. And they also attempt to cultivate relationships with mainstream journalists, building alliances they hope will encourage more gender-conscious reporting and more positive representations of feminism. While social media does not overcome all the obstacles to feminism that is becoming more visibly influential in China, these media groups stand out as key voices in Chinese feminist and youth activism today, with implications for how we understand contemporary feminism on an international scale.

Simidele Dosekun