По мере нарастания признаков цивилизационного кризиса становится ясно, что человечество переживает критический момент: либо кризисные процессы продолжат обостряться, что может привести к серьезным последствиям и краху цивилизации, либо мы определяем и внедряем эффективные стратегии для решения этих проблем, тем самым превращая их в возможности для дальнейшего развития. Чтобы решить эту проблему, необходимо изучение влияния технического прогресса как на усугубление кризиса, так и на создание предпосылок для его преодоления. Современная технологическая революция формирует знаниеемкое материальное производство, меняет содержание человеческой деятельности и потребности человека, создавая тем самым материальные условия для перехода к неэкономическому способу производства и удовлетворения потребностей человека – к ноономике. Однако неолиберальная экономическая парадигма часто вступает в противоречие с задачами социально-экономического прогресса, опирающегося на последние технологические достижения. Это противоречие можно разрешить не путем демонтажа существующей социально-экономической системы, но через ее постепенную и систематическую трансформацию. Переход к ноономике и нообществу следует признать объективной исторической тенденцией, которая определит характер соответствующей стратегической программы. Этот переход потребует развития (или “нооэволюции”) новых ценностных ориентаций (или “нооценностей”), основанных на ноокритериальной системе ценностей. Эта структура будет основываться на фундаментальных гуманистических принципах, в которых на первый план выйдет развитие личности как носителя знаний и культуры.
Naohiro Nakamura, Yoshihiro Mogi, Akira Ota
et al.
Recent seismic analyses indicate that the structural damping ratio should be considered frequency-independent, for safe and accurate estimations. In response, damping models like the Wilson–Penzien (WP) damping model, that is one of the modal damping, provide frequency independence across all modes; however, these models require considerable computational resources, especially for large-scale models. While Rayleigh damping is computationally efficient, it maintains a nearly constant damping ratio only within a limited frequency range. To address these limitations, several alternative damping models have been introduced, such as uniform (UN), causal hysteretic (CH), and extended Rayleigh (ER). We use the factor Wξ to represent the frequency range where the damping ratio remains approximately constant, defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum frequencies (fmax/fmin), within a specified tolerance of the target damping ratio. For Rayleigh damping, Wξ = 3.7, while the CH and ER models achieve Wξ values greater than 20. Although the UN model achieves a high Wξ, it demands large computational resources in the implicit analyses, commonly used for seismic response studies. In this study, we address the simultaneously inputting horizontal and vertical seismic motion into a large-scale dynamic analysis model of a high-rise building. In this analysis, horizontal, vertical, and local beam vibration modes spanning a wide frequency range appeared. Considering that these modes require the same damping ratio, damping models with Wξ values of 50 or higher are desirable. However, this threshold considerably exceeds Wξ values achievable with the existing models, rendering these models unsuitable for the intended application. Therefore, we propose and validate the efficiency of two new damping models (ER-W and CH19) that meet this requirement by improving existing models. Using these damping models, it is possible to analyze the horizontal and vertical modes and local vibration modes of the beam, assuming a simultaneous horizontal and vertical input to a high-rise building.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
Reyna Vergara González, Victor Hugo Torres-Preciado, Miguel Angel Díaz Carreño
La evaluación de la política monetaria sobre la actividad económica se ha enfocado al ámbito nacional sin considerar sus efectos a nivel regional. El objetivo de este documento es estimar los efectos que un incremento no previsto de la tasa de interés tendría sobre la producción regional en México para el periodo 2000-2019. Para ello, se emplea un modelo estructural de vectores autorregresivos (SVAR) en panel. Los resultados sugieren un efecto negativo y diferenciado sobre la producción regional. Este efecto se presenta a partir del segundo trimestre, después del aumento de la tasa de interés.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Vítor Domicio de Meneses, Leticia Teixeira Mendes, Daniel Ribeiro Cardoso
A partir de problemas relacionados ao ensino de projeto em sala de aula, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do uso de jogos enquanto ferramenta de ensino de desenho urbano no curso de arquitetura e urbanismo. Para atingir este objetivo, a pesquisa apresenta um relato de experiência que contempla a elaboração e o teste de um protótipo de jogo denominado “jogo do diagnóstico”, aplicado a uma turma da disciplina de Projeto Urbanístico, do oitavo período do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Configura-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, propositiva e qualitativa. Adota-se como método o Design Science Research (DSR), buscando aplicação do conhecimento científico através da proposição de soluções para os problemas encontrados. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: 1) levantamento bibliográfico sobre ensino de desenho urbano, aprendizagem significativa e jogos; 2) relato de experiência sobre o projeto e a utilização de um protótipo de jogo em ateliê de projeto urbanístico; 3) síntese e avaliação dos resultados observados a partir do referencial teórico e empírico. A experiência relatada foi considerada válida pois obteve êxito no ensino de desenho urbano, revelou novas fragilidades da metodologia e possibilitou o entendimento das problemáticas observadas. Baseando-se nos conceitos de Ensino Reflexivo, Aprendizagem Significativa e Interação Lúdica Significativa, a conclusão da pesquisa apresenta um conjunto de diretrizes para elaboração de jogos para ensino de desenho urbano.
Architecture, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Rapid urbanization is leading to a drastic hike in anthropogenic activities and urban surface alterations. As a result, there are many repercussions, one of them being higher temperatures in urban areas when compared to rural areas. This phenomenon is termed Urban Heat Island (UHI). The impacts of urban surface characteristics, climate, and population density on UHI have been extensively studied. However, the influence of UHI on the local climate remains elusive. Relatively few studies demonstrate interrelation between UHI, population density, and unanticipated precipitation events. Therefore, it is important to comprehend the connection as it can impact extreme temperature events like heat waves and unanticipated precipitation events like flash flooding. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between UHI, population density, and precipitation in the summer and winter seasons in Indian Western Coastal Cities. To comprehend this association, a hypothesis test employing the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is conducted for 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. From the study, it is found that in summer, the surface temperature is directly proportional to population density and inversely proportional to precipitation. In winter the contrary relation is observed. This study also provides the seasonal variation and temporal evolution of the correlation among the parameters. This research will aid in making informed decisions for urban planning and addressing climate change.
In Berlin, throughout the last 30 years, sales of state-owned property to reduce the city’s debt were defended as a land policy without alternative by policymakers. These solutions in land policy were not discussed as an ethical issue but as pragmatic considerations. This article reframes Berlin’s land policy as a wicked problem, an approach justified and critically outlined by multiple risk perceptions and ethics in planning. Ethics in planning and myths of property relations are derived from Cultural Theory (CT). Following this typology, risk perceptions and preferred tendering processes in Berlin’s land and real estate policy between 1990 and 2020 will be analysed as monorational re-solutions. Building on a literature and policy review, as well as 20 expert interviews, this article examines today’s expectations towards land policy and identifies five periods of monorational re-solutions and their waves of intergenerational consequences for present and future generations. To illustrate intergenerational injustice in land policy, according to CT, the article puts forward a typology of risk perceptions in tendering processes.
In the present study, the mechanical and durability properties of silica nanoparticle (SNP)-incorporated fly ash (FA) concrete mix were examined after 365 days of exposure. The dosages of FA replaced by cement in the present study were 30%, 40%, and 50%, while 3% SNPs were added by the weight of cement in the FA incorporated mix. For a comparison of SNPs with silica fume (SF), 6% SF was added (by the weight of cement) and entire casting was performed at a constant water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.29. The present work is the extension of a previous study wherein durability properties of the same mixes were reported for up to 180 days of exposure. Compressive strength results show that in the presence of SNPs, the enhancement in compressive strength was in the range of 10–14%, while, in presence of SF, 8–10% of the enhancement was observed as compared to control. However, exposed samples in a carbonation environment showed that the compressive strength of the control and SF incorporated mix increased, while SNP-incorporated samples showed negligible enhancement. Further, sulphate exposed mix show that compressive strength decreases, however, the SNP-incorporated mix showed the lowest reduction compared to other mixes. Therefore, the study shows that the SNP-incorporated mix has higher mechanical properties and more durability compared to other mixes in a severe environment.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
The article explores how urban areas are widely affecting the environment with special reference to the developing countries. Urbanization as the outcome of population growth in rural areas, decline of agricultural productivity and migration is creating more economic activities and dynamics in towns and cities leading to environmental issues and challenges. It is well observed in terms of transportation, solid waste, air, water, shortage of green space etc. in urban areas. In that, different age groups including children and the elderly people are badly affected. While urbanization affects society, urban inhabitants are constantly increasing due to improved transportation, more social network accessibility, higher literacy rate of young population, higher socio-economic expectations, change in lifestyles etc. However, density of population in cities has widely and negatively culminated in urban environmental catastrophes; some phenomenon which will affect next generations as well.
The spatial turn, an intellectual movement of the 1980s, revitalized interest in spatial studies across the disciplines of humanities and social sciences. Constructing places in literature, mostly through imaginative reconstruction and at times by its realistic recording, spatial studies ensured its layered dynamics within complex intersections. As far as cities are concerned, they appear fascinating to creative writers across ages. There are quite a few reasons behind the increscent literary interest in city, especially after the Industrial Revolution to the very contemporary postmodern era. One of the primary contributing factors is that literature never projects cities as mere background but more as a determining part of what constitutes a narrative; plot and character. Cities here become the focal point of everyday experience and culture. Through the narrative alignment of city space multiple identities and meanings are formed as literary characters’ experience of the urban. This is quite suggestive of the proactive presence of cities in literature as if they are “hardly not there” (Donald 1996, 121). Therefore, literary representation of cities is not a homogeneous mimetic construct, but also a process in which literature is often a reflection of the urban experiences and mediates it through the intersubjective associations of the characters’ political, sociological, and cultural networks within particular cities. It is imperative to mention at this point that literary projection of cities of the Global North has already received its due intellectual attention, but for cities of the Global South like Delhi, an important center of sociopolitical and cultural reflection through literature is still pending. The last decade of the twentieth century appeared to be fruitful and highly productive for South Asian literature in English and it often explicitly coincided with the urban centers of the Global South. Technologically hyperlinked global capitals and megacities started gaining prominence within the form and content of literary works, which definitely demands scholarly attention and intervention. In Delhi: New Literatures of the Megacity, editors Alex Tickell and Ruvani Ranasinha have brought together a diverse group of scholars to explore how the urban shift of Delhi the megacity, and national capital of India, has been produced across literary genres. This very timely collection sheds light on the ways in which the city space of Delhi shapes literature and also how literature in turn represents and reconstructs the city space of Delhi. The book begins with an introductory chapter by the editors in which they offer the dynamic contours of “literary consciousness of this radical urban change” (p. 1) from a postcolonial point of view. Rather than concentrating only on the architectural and topographical shift of Delhi as a megacity, this serves as an excellent overview of the trajectories, roots, and evolution of the urban in India’s capital city. This collection uses literary texts from various genres as data and therefore productively approaches the often invisible social, cultural, and political fragments and challenges of this entire urban shift because “literature, in any case, does not merely record times and places; it asks questions and raises issues, takes sides and introduces otherwise unheard voices” (Miles 2019, ix–x). Expanding on this literary reconstructionist framework, Delhi: New Literatures of the Megacity explores the multimodalities of urban and literature alignment particularly in the Indian context.
The raw water feasibility is based on three aspects, such as quantity, quality, and continuity. This study aims to assess the feasibility of raw water on Bintan Island in quantity and quality terms The method used is a comprehensive analysis of hydrological and hydrogeological functions and water quality. The result of study shows that rainwater abundance in study location is not optimally stored as ground water due to limited catchment area and storage capacity of aquifer media which are dominated by rock units with low to moderate graduation rates (80%). The hydrogeology of study site is also dominated by local low productivity aquifer areas (70%) which are indicated by shallow aquifer layers. Therefore, the existence of reservoirs or storage is very important. The calculations results in 2017 show that raw water production of PDAM Tirta Kepri is 3,521,855 m3/year. While the community needs on Bintan Island in the same year amounted to 7,957,803 m3/year. Quality aspect analysis shows that the quality of well is lightly polluted (WQI = 0.59), while surface water is moderately polluted (WQI = 1.01). The parameter that gives the difference from two sources is iron content. Gibbs diagram analysis results show the weathering process by rainwater which erodes the land surface of bauxite mine and dissolves iron and flows along with runoff and into reservoirs. The potential for high iron pollution will increase often as Bintan Island is designated as a Special Economic Zone. Industrial and service activities will trigger acid rain which will cause a decrease in the value of rain pH and the process of dissolving iron on rocks and soil surfaces will increase.
V članku avtorja proučujeta, kako spremenjena podoba ulice po prenovi vpliva na dojemanje ulice, njeno senzorično krajino in vzdušje na njej. Na primeru Tumske ulice, glavne ulice v srednje velikem poljskem mestu Plock, dokažeta, da imajo lahko tovrstne spremembe nepričakovane posledice, ki pri prebivalcih vzbujajo negativne občutke. Izsledki raziskave, ki je temeljila na mnenju članov fokusnih skupin, kažejo, da trenutno vzdušje na Tumski ulici povzroča negativne zaznave, ki se nanašajo na štiri vrste senzoričnega zaznavanja oziroma značilnosti krajine: : tipne, vidne, slušne in vohalne. Negativna občutja so še močnejša pri posameznikih, ki imajo pozitivne spomine na nekdanjo ulico – na njeno stanje pred prenovo. Zaradi negativnega vzdušja na Tumski ulici in neprijetnih občutij, ki jih vzbuja, so se ulične aktivnosti prebivalcev zmanjšale na najnujnejše opravke. Navedeni izsledki kažejo, da bi se morali pri oblikovanju ali preoblikovanju javnih prostorov vedno upoštevati vplivi na ulično vzdušje in potreba po ustvarjanju pozitivnih občutij.
Urban scaling laws summarise how socio-economic behaviours of urban systems may be predicted from city size. While most scaling analysis rests on using aggregate quantities (total incomes, GDP, etc.), examining distributions of these aggregate quantities (e.g. income distributions) could shed light on how socio-economic inequalities may correlate or be causally linked to city size. In this direction, this paper examines how geographic distributions and spatial inequalities of income and housing costs vary by city size. The paper presents three principal results. First, it brings out qualitative implications of quantitative scaling by relating scaling of the distributions of income and housing costs to their specific geographic concentrations. Second, it shows that some small and medium sized cities are clear outliers, showing behaviour similar to the largest cities and starkly different from the behaviours of the bulk of small and medium sized cities. Third, this above observation explains why heteroscedasticity, or large and heterogeneous fluctuations, are frequently observed in urban indicator data when plotted as a function of city size. Putting together these three results, overall, it is shown that income distributions and housing costs scale and concentrate in cities by size in a predictable way, where the largest cities superlinearly/disproportionately agglomerate the highest income earners and the highest housing costs, and show relatively lower concentrations of low-middle income earners and low-medium housing costs. In contrast, most of the smaller and medium sized cities show a ‘flipped’ opposite trend. A few small and medium sized cities are outliers: they show trends that match those of the largest cities, due to specialisations of economic functions or concentrations of high-paying occupations in these cities. The empirical findings lead to a discussion on the objective and normative relationships between city size and urban inequalities. It is suggested that due to the concentrations of high income and high housing costs, largest cities may have a resulting housing market structure that will push out lower and medium income earners, thereby making affordability, diversity, and socio-spatial justice emerge as important urban policy issues.
An urban Bandung in West Java that has a dense population recorded in 2014 the population of the Bandung City totaled 2,483,977 people, the impact of these conditions were increasingly heavy burden of the city facing a very complex and complicated with a variety of problems such as pollution, population density, urbanization, urban transport, and complex problems are not well-organized and the city as a result of uncontrolled growth of street vendors .this research is focused on the presence of street vendors which is a business group structure bottom in the levels of world trade. The existence of street vendors is actually not a problem when they follow the norms and provisions of applicable law, but reality shows, the informal sector of the city has been denying a number of norms and regulations applicable law. In the juridical-sociological study of these conditions shows that the growth and development of street vendors are not always followed by the arrangement and law enforcement that gave birth to deviant behavior (deviation). Therefore, this research is intended to describe and analyze the influence of the attitude of street vendors to law enforcement officials and motivation vendors against deviant behavior of street vendors in the city of Bandung. While the methods used in this research are an explanatory survey emphasis on efforts to obtain information about a phenomenon at the time of the research conducted so as to get the findings of the attitude of street vendors, work motivation to the damned law enforcement affect the deviant behavior of street vendors in the form of violation of norms or regulations in Bandung.