Abstract: Myths about health and abortion in Chile have been identified as a barrier to the implementation of Law 21.030 on the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy. However, no measure adapted to the Chilean socio-cultural reality with adequate psychometric properties would allow us to verify the extent of misinformation. This study aims to design and analyze the psychometric properties of the Myths About Health and Abortion Scale (MHAS) in a Chilean community population. This study presents a sample of 613 participants. We obtained a unidimensional 5-item scale by cross-validity (χ2 = 21.702; df = 4; p < .001); RMSEA = .085 (90% CI [.052, .122]); CFI = .993; TLI = .982; GFI = .995) with adequate reliability of scores in the study sample (Sub-sample 1, McDonald's omega = .871; Sub-sample 2, McDonald's omega = .842); and evidence of validity in relation to other variables (e.g., the MHAS correlates with Sexual Double Standard (r = .354; p < .001), and Group Dominance (r = .307; p < .001), for use on the Chilean population. The most uninformed participants have a low education level, are older, have a conservative ideological profile in terms of religion and politics, and have a higher agreement with sexual double standards and social domination. This new approach allows us to quantify the issue of stigmatization and decision-making faced by women contemplating abortion, as well as to expose the deliberate dissemination of misinformation as a political strategy to oppose permissive abortion legislation.
Keywords: beliefs; voluntary termination of pregnancy; instrument; validity; reliability; misinformation.
Resumen: Los mitos sobre salud y aborto en Chile han sido identificados como una barrera para la implementación de la Ley 21.030 sobre Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo. No obstante, no existe una medida adaptada a la realidad sociocultural chilena con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que nos permita constatar la extensión de la desinformación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Mitos sobre Salud y Aborto (EMSA) en población comunitaria chilena. Este estudio presenta una muestra de 613 participantes. Como resultado obtuvimos una escala de 5 ítems unidimensional mediante validez cruzada (χ2 = 21,702; gl = 4; p < ,001; RMSEA = ,085 (IC 90% [,052 ,122]); CFI = ,993; TLI = ,982; GFI = ,995); con adecuada fiabilidad de las puntuaciones en la muestra de estudio (submuestra 1, Omega de McDonald = ,871; submuestra 2, Omega de McDonald = ,842); y evidencias de validez en relación con otras variables (p. ej., , EMSA correlaciona con Doble Moral Sexual (r = ,354; p < ,001), y Dominación Grupal (r = ,307; p < ,001) para su uso con población chilena. Las y los participantes más desinformados tienen un bajo nivel educativo, son mayores, un perfil ideológico conservador en lo religioso y lo político, y mayor acuerdo con el doble estándar sexual y la dominación social. Esta nueva herramienta nos brinda la posibilidad de medir una problemática implicada en la estigmatización y toma de decisión de las mujeres que se plantean el acceso al aborto; y de transparentar el uso de la desinformación como estrategia política para desincentivar políticas permisivas sobre el aborto.
Palabras clave: creencias; interrupción voluntaria del embarazo; instrumento; validez; fiabilidad; desinformación.
Resumo: Os mitos sobre saúde e aborto no Chile foram identificados como uma barreira à implementação da Lei 21.030 sobre a Interrupção Voluntária da Gravidez. No entanto, não existe uma medida adaptada à realidade sociocultural chilena com propriedades psicométricas adequadas que nos permita verificar a extensão da desinformação. Este estudo tem como objetivo desenhar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Mitos sobre Saúde e Aborto (EMSA) numa população comunitária chilena. Este estudo apresenta uma amostra de 613 participantes. Como resultado, obtivemos uma escala unidimensional de 5 itens, por validade cruzada (χ2 = 21,702; gl = 4; p < ,001; RMSEA = ,085 (IC 90% [,052 ,122]); CFI = ,993; TLI = ,982; GFI = 995); com fiabilidade adequada das pontuações na amostra do estudo (Subamostra 1, Omega de McDonald = ,871; Subamostra, Omega de McDonald = ,842); e evidência de validade em relação a outras variáveis (por exemplo, o EMSA correlaciona-se com a Moral Sexual Dupla (r = ,354; p < ,001), e a Dominância de Grupo (r = ,307; p < ,001), para uso com a população chilena. Os participantes mais desinformados têm um baixo nível de escolaridade, são mais velhos, têm um perfil ideológico conservador na religião e na política, e têm uma maior concordância com a dupla moral sexual e a dominação social. Esta nova ferramenta dános a possibilidade de medir um problema implicado na estigmatização e na tomada de decisão das mulheres que consideram aceder ao aborto; e de tornar transparente a utilização da desinformação como estratégia política para desencorajar políticas permissivas sobre o aborto.
Palavras-chave: crenças; interrupção voluntária da gravidez; instrumento; validade; confiabilidade; desinformação.
Mohamed Zaki Salama Mohamed, Amal Ghorbel LED-FSEGS
This research aims to identify the concept of customs revenues and their impact on the state’s general budget deficit. The problem of the study stems from the following question: What is the impact of customs revenues on the general budget deficit in Iraq? To answer this question, this research uses the deductive approach and the estimation approach by analyzing and measuring the impact of customs revenues in supporting the state’s general budget. Among the most important results of the study are: There are many reasons that led to the emergence of a deficit in the state’s general budget throughout the study period, the most important of which is the decrease in Customs revenues as a result of the weak role of tax revenues It recommended the need to address the imbalance in the structure of public revenues by activating the role of taxes and fees and reducing dependence on the oil resource.
Excess of matter in form designates the principle that underlies architecture. The surplus of form contains not only a constructive principle, but also an aesthetic principle that enables sensual experience. In the coupling of construction and sensual experience, the basic prerequisites for the aesthetics of architecture are thus named, but at the same time also the difficulties with which architecture is confronted within philosophical aesthetics. For Kant, it was precisely the object character that stood in the way of an architectural aesthetics as part of a general aesthetics. For him, only the architectural drawing, because detached from matter, construction, and function, could meet the criteria of the beautiful, and that only as a façade view and not as a ground plan or sectional drawing. With reference to Aristotle, Kant and Schopenhauer and an outlook on contemporary architecture, the essay outlines the principles of an aesthetics of architecture as it is to be developed out of the specific material conditions of architecture and has its starting point in the surplus of form.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is explained by the necessity to preserve Frenchspeaking culture and language on the territory of Canada in the conditions of globalization, the spread of American mass culture and the significant impact of English as a global language. The purpose of the work is to describe and analyze the sociolinguistic particularities of the existence of the French language in the English-speaking competitive environment in Canada.Methodology and sources. During the study, the following sociolinguistic methods were used: descriptive method, comparison method, continuous sampling method, sociolinguistic analysis method, quantitative data processing method, questionnaire survey. The research is based on the material of Сanadian media, legislative acts regulating the state's language policy, data obtained through surveys of Canadian citizens, and 5,234 inscriptions in five Canadian cities which were selected to examine the country's linguistic landscape.Results and discussion. Under Canadian laws, French and English have equal status in parliamentary readings, in public services and in everyday life, as well as in education, radio and television. However, English is the dominant language and has great prestige throughout Canada. All of the evidence collected shows the decisive superiority of English as the primary means of communication in media, advertising and politics. Existing legislation to protect and promote the use of both official languages is not fully enforced, as evidenced by numerous complaints from Canadians to the Commissioner of Official Languages.Conclusion. In Canada, a multi-component exoglossic linguistic situation has developed with two official languages – English and French, which is characterized by the existence of natural bilingualism. Linguistic minorities, such as Anglophones in Quebec and Francophones outside Quebec, may experience linguistic discrimination, creating tensions between residents of the same country. French is significantly influenced by the majority English and immigrant languages that dominate the linguistic landscape of Canadian cities.
In general relativity the affine connection is required to be symmetric so torsion is zero while according to the Einsten- Cartan's theory torsion is connected to the spin tensor as expressed by the Cartan's equations. We consider the theory of spinors in general relativity in the light of the results of Einstein Cartan's theory.In general relativity the affine connection is required to be symmetric so torsion is zero while according to the Einsten- Cartan's theory torsion is connected to the spin tensor as expressed by the Cartan's equations. We consider the theory of spinors in general relativity in the light of the results of Einstein Cartan's theory. This work begins with the study of the spin connection coefficients, the calculation of the canonical momenta detects a spinor rotational current; fermionic rotational current is associated with torsion as explained by Cartan's equations, we find this torsion contribution even if the affine connection is symmetric. In the final considerations, we analyze the interaction terms (as written in the full action for Dirac spinors) and we compare them with the results of linearized gravity. We deduce that Gravitomagnetism is well described in the linearized theory while the term of spin connection giving rise to fermionic current is canceled out, so we mean these terms are describing different interactions.
Fractional optimal control problems via a wide class of fractional operators with a general analytic kernel are introduced. Necessary optimality conditions of Pontryagin type for the considered problem are obtained after proving a Gronwall type inequality as well as results on continuity and differentiability of perturbed trajectories. Moreover, a Mangasarian type sufficient global optimality condition for the general analytic kernel fractional optimal control problem is proved. An illustrative example is discussed.
Gravitational waves emitted from the coalescence of neutron star binaries open a new window to probe matter and fundamental physics in unexplored, extreme regimes. To extract information about the supranuclear matter inside neutron stars and the properties of the compact binary systems, robust theoretical prescriptions are required. We give an overview about general features of the dynamics and the gravitational wave signal during the binary neutron star coalescence. We briefly describe existing analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the highly dynamical, strong-field region during the merger. We review existing waveform approximants and discuss properties and possible advantages and shortcomings of individual waveform models, and their application for real gravitational-wave data analysis.
This article discusses the place that the concept of rhythm occupies within Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy. I present a panorama of different ways to conceptualize thought throughout Deleuze’s
writings from 1960’s to 1990’s, emphasizing the discussion about the threshold of thought. In the
writings in partnership with Félix Guattari, Deleuze understand thought as an act of confronting
chaos, what makes the problem of consistency a point of extreme relevance within his philosophical
system. In this framework, the concept of thought is described as a tension between consistency
and infinite speed (chaos). In order to elaborate this concept of thought, Deleuze resumes his conceptualization of the three syntheses of the time and formulates with Guattari the concept of refrain. I will show that the refrain is at the axis of an epistemological shift in the whole program of
transcendental philosophy, by affirming a necessarily heterogeneous and aberrant Time, which
features the concept of rhythm as the genetic element of difference. Within this conceptual framework, I follow the authors’ suggestion that the logic of schizoanalysis is analogous to the logic of
subtractive sound synthesis. The main goal is to demonstrate that rhythm is at the core of Deleuzian concept of difference and sound is at the core of Deleuzian concept of thought.
I present two logical systems to show the “analogy of proportionality„ common to several interpretations: modality (necessity and possibility), quantification, truth-functional relations, moral attitudes (deontic logic), states of knowledge (epistemic logic), and states of belief (doxastic logic). To display the two underlying analogical relations, I call upon the originally Scholastic convention, recently put to use again, of using squares, hexagons, and octagons “of opposition„. A combined epistemic–deontic logic happens to be found in the traditional “probabilist„ theory of the “good conscience„, and I shall then briefly explain how this is so.
We prove a~general form of Chebyshev type inequality for generalized upper Sugeno integral in the form of necessary and sufficient condition. A key role in our considerations is played by the~class of $m$-positively dependent functions which includes comonotone functions as a~proper subclass. As a~consequence, we state an equivalent condition for Chebyshev type inequality to be true for all comonotone functions and any monotone measure. Our results generalize many others obtained in the framework of q-integral, seminormed fuzzy integral and Sugeno integral on the real half-line. Some further consequences of these results are obtained, among others Chebyshev type inequality for any functions. We also point out some flaws in existing results and provide their improvements.
The recently suggested generalized unimodular gravity theory, which was originally put forward as a model of dark energy, can serve as a model of cosmological inflation driven by the effective perfect fluid -- the dark purely gravitational sector of the theory. Its excitations are scalar gravitons which can generate, in the domain free from ghost and gradient instabilities, the red tilted primordial power spectrum of CMB perturbations matching with observations. The reconstruction of the parametric dependence of the action of the theory in the early inflationary Universe is qualitatively sketched from the cosmological data. The alternative possibilities of generating the cosmological acceleration or quantum transition to the general relativistic phase of the theory are also briefly discussed.
Mosques have very significat roles in the developmen of pilgrims’ spiritual living as well as the other aspects. The article aims to analyze the level of empowerment conducted by the development committe and dimension should be prioritized. The study used quantitative research design. The validity and realibility tests remained 21 items as for being used as the research tool. The number of samples was 100 pilgrims chosen randomly. The enpowerment consisted of four dimension, namely : accesbility, participation, accountability, and local organization. The data werw analyzed using excell. The study resulted : (1) The empowerment of pilgrims in Madiun City categoryzed as good (value = 75, 38); (2) All the empowerment dimensions were at good levels, in whice the lowest value was found in the local organization dimension; (3) The local organization dimension value 72, 00, meant it should be priorityzed without neglecting the other dimensions,
An affine quantization approach leads to a genuine quantum theory of general relativity by extracting insights from a short list of increasingly more complex, soluble, perturbably nonrenormalizable models.
In this paper we study the hyperbolicity of the equations of motion for the most general Horndeski theory of gravity in a generic "weak field" background. We first show that a special case of this theory, namely Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, fails to be strongly hyperbolic in any generalised harmonic gauge. We then complete the proof that the most general Horndeski theory which, for weak fields, is strongly hyperbolic in a generalised harmonic gauge is simply a "k-essence" theory coupled to Einstein gravity and that adding any more general Horndeski term will result in a weakly, but not strongly, hyperbolic theory.
A generalized three-form field is an extended version of the canonical three-form field by considering a Lagrangian of the generalized three-form field as a function of the kinetic and the mass terms. In this work, we investigated cosmological models due to this generalized three-form field. It is found that one can use the three-form field to interpret the non-relativistic matter without the caustic problem. Moreover, by analyzing the dynamical system, a viable model of dark energy due to the generalized three-form field can be obtained.
Bolivia ─como muchas naciones en el Tercer Mundo─ está cada vez más inmersa en el universo globalizado contemporáneo, cuyos productos, valores y hasta tonterías va adoptando de modo inexorable. En este contexto no resulta fácil distinguir un paradigma propio y genuino de desa-rrollo de un modelo externo, imitado a partir de los países occidentales más importantes. El discurso del indigenismo y las prácticas del populismo sirven a menudo como ideologías com-pensatorias para encubrir pautas autoritarias en el campo político y en la vida cotidiana.
Pochybná svědectví pana Leeuwenhoeka: mikroskopy, analogie a dobří sousedé
Abstrakt: Tato studie se věnuje rané fázi mikroskopického zkoumání přírody Antoni van Leeuwenhoeka (1632-1723), které představil ve své korespondenci členům Royal Society. Studie se zaměřuje na období od navázání styku s Royal Society (1673) až do roku 1680, kdy byl Leeuwenhoek zvolen členem společnosti. Z metodologického hlediska studie uplatňuje na Leeuwenhoekovy dopisy členům Royal Society přístup, který představili autoři Steven Shapin a Simon Schaffer v knize Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985). Pokouší se zjistit, jestli se v Leeuwenhoekových dopisech objevují tři strategie, (materiální, literární a sociální), které Shapin a Schaffer přisoudili Robertu Boylovi. Studie potvrzuje, že závěry britských autorů platí i pro jiné vědce.
Klíčová slova: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek; mikroskopie; mikrobiologie; experimentální věda 17. století; literární techniky; rétorické prostředky
Doubtful Testimonies of Mr. Leeuwenhoek: microscopes, analogies, and good neighbours
Abstract: The aim of the study is to discuss the early microscopic examination of nature, introduced by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) in his letters to the Royal Society. The paper focuses on period from the establishing of contact with the Royal Society (1673) to the electing of Leeuwenhoek the member of the Society in 1680. From the methodological point of view the study uses the approach which Steven Shapin a Simon Schaffer presented in their book Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985). The study tries to find out to what extent it is possible to understand Leeuwenhoek's letters as expressing three technologies (material, literary, and social) proposed by the British authors. The paper shows that the Shapin's and Schaffer's understanding of experimental science of Robert Boyle is transferrable to other scientists.
Keywords: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek; microscopy; microbiology; experimental science of 17th century; literary techniques; rhetorical devices