Hasil untuk "Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law"

Alireza Bani Asadi, Mohammad Bordbar, Seyed Ali Mosayebi et al.

The phenomenon of unsupported sleepers is considered one of the most critical factors affecting the dynamic performance of ballasted railway tracks. Disrupting the contact between the sleeper and the ballast leads to increased deflection, stress concentration, and reduced track stability. This study aims to numerically analyze and simulate the dynamic effects of unsupported sleepers, focusing on their numbers and layout patterns in the ballasted railway tracks. For this purpose, a three-layer mechanical model consisting of rail, sleeper, and ballast was developed in MATLAB, and its results were compared with an equivalent finite element model created in ABAQUS. The MATLAB model employs mass, stiffness, and damping matrices along with a time-dependent moving load to evaluate the system's response under various unsupported sleeper conditions. In the ABAQUS model, sleepers and ballast were modeled as concentrated masses, with their interactions represented via equivalent spring-damper systems; loading was applied incrementally along the train path. The results indicate that increasing the number of unsupported sleepers—particularly in sequential arrangements—significantly amplifies rail deflection and mid-span stress, with the most critical response observed in the case of three-consecutive-unsupported-sleepers. These findings indicate the necessity of continuous monitoring and preventive maintenance of unsupported zones to ensure track safety and extend structural service life.

Wenbo Wang, Mingguo Zhao

PurposeThis study aims to examine the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Uzbekistan, with a particular focus on the effectiveness and asymmetry of interest rate, exchange rate and credit channels.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis employs a vector autoregression with exogenous variables (VARX) model and an asymmetric VARX model using monthly data from 2013 to 2021. The study incorporates domestic monetary, financial and real sector variables while controlling for external shocks through oil prices and US interest rates. Impulse response functions and generalized forecast error variance decomposition are used to identify the impact of monetary policy shocks on inflation and output.FindingsThe results show that the exchange rate channel is the most effective in transmitting monetary policy, significantly influencing both inflation and output. In contrast, the interest rate channel appears largely ineffective and the credit channel affects inflation but not growth. The asymmetric VARX model reveals that expansionary policy shocks increase inflation and depreciate the currency but have limited effects on output. Contractionary shocks show weak and statistically insignificant responses.Originality/valueThis study provides the first empirical analysis of asymmetric monetary policy transmission in Uzbekistan using both VARX and asymmetric VARX models. It highlights the structural weaknesses in Uzbekistan’s monetary transmission and underscores the importance of developing an integrated policy framework combining monetary, exchange rate and macroprudential policies.

Adrienn Boldizsár, Ádám Török, Norina Szander

<i>Background</i>: A societal shift in attitudes is going to be required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the field of transportation, which is crucial to the level of mitigation that can be achieved. There is increasing pressure on policymakers to address climate change and, in turn, to promote sustainable transport. The sector’s decarbonization is essential to meet climate change targets, and alternative powertrains, particularly battery electric trucks, can play a key role. However, international research shows that the solutions and strategic plan proposals are primarily developed in isolation according to the country’s specific conditions. <i>Methods</i>: This study aims to compare battery electric trucks and conventional internal combustion engine trucks in Hungary, focusing on the total cost of ownership over ten years. <i>Results</i>: This study examines the cost parameters for operating electric and conventional trucks, based on current economic conditions. In addition, alternative studies have been carried out to see what additional savings can be expected by changing the parameters under consideration. This research examines four scenarios that model changes in state subsidies, tolls, and excise duties alongside current cost parameters. <i>Conclusions</i>: The results suggest that public policy interventions play a key role in developing sustainable transport systems, particularly to preserve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Hossein Abbaspour, Carsten Drebenstedt

<i>Backgrounds:</i> The transportation system within any mining project, which is responsible for delivering extracted ore to the crushing units or wastes to the wasting dumps as the destinations, poses a significant challenge in mining processes. On one hand, there are various transportation systems, notably the Truck–Shovel, the traditional method, and relatively newer and less common In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) systems. On the other hand, choosing the most suitable system for a specific mining project depends on various factors, with technical aspects being one of the most critical. While there is extensive research on the Truck–Shovel system from a technical perspective, there is relatively limited research on IPCC systems. <i>Methods:</i> This research aims to carry out a comparative analysis of different transportation systems, encompassing Truck–Shovel, Fixed In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (FIPCC), Semi-Fixed In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (SFIPCC), Semi-Mobile In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (SMIPCC), and Fully Mobile In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (FMIPCC) systems. To achieve this goal, a technical index is introduced, which is based on three elements: the availability and the utilization of the system, as well as the consumption of power. This index will be developed as a system dynamics model, enabling the observation of each system’s performance throughout the operational lifespan of the mine. <i>Results:</i> Ultimately, based on the proposed method, the most effective transportation system based on the defined technical index can be identified at any time of the project. In this research, the Truck–Shovel system generally selected as the most preferred transportation system, except for two different periods. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study could successfully perform the selection among different transportation systems. Nevertheless, it was modeled and performed in a deterministic environment, but still the stochastic nature of the processes can be another topic of research.

Kostianaia Evgeniia A., Kostianoy Andrey G.

Impact of climate change on railway transport manifests in a variety of consequences, such as rail buckling, rail flooding, expansion of swing bridges, overheating of electrical equipment and its damage, bridge scour, failure of earthworks, ground settlement, pavement deterioration, damage to sea walls, coastal erosion of tracks and earthworks, and an increased number of railway accidents in general. Such impacts can cause considerable disruption of railway operations and lead to substantial financial expenses for repair of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to include adaptation strategies already in the design phase of the railway construction to ensure stability and integrity of the railway operations. This paper provides a literature review of adaptation considerations in Canada, China and Sweden and discusses climate change challenges that these countries face in their railway systems. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for adaptation approaches based on the reviewed international experience which can be useful for policymakers and managers of railway companies.

Adedotun Joseph Adenigbo, Joash Mageto, Rose Luke

<i>Background:</i> The air cargo logistics industry has been deemed reluctant to adopt new technologies for their business operations. So, this study aims to examine the adoption of technological innovations in the air cargo logistics industry in South Africa. The specific objective is to emphasise the effects of technologies on air cargo logistics operations to address the reluctance to adopt technological innovations in the industry. <i>Methods:</i> A questionnaire survey was conducted randomly on three hundred and seventy-three (373) cargo agents at the OR Tambo International Airport. The data were subjected to a nonparametric test with Kruskal–Wallis, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis to explore the effects of technologies for prompt adoption and implementation of emerging innovations that enhance quality service delivery. <i>Results:</i> The study found that promptly adopting emerging technological innovations in the air cargo logistics industry promotes efficient operations, improves warehousing, and enhances cargo delivery services for customer satisfaction. Also, the study established that technologically driven operations and warehousing are significant determinants of quality service delivery in the air cargo logistics industry. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study encourages the prompt adoption and implementation of technological innovations for improved quality service delivery, customer satisfaction, and loyalty in the air cargo logistics industry.

Ratko Stanković, Tomislav Pereglin, Tomislav Erdelić

<i>Background:</i> Road transport companies utilize transport capacities as fixed compositions of tractors and semi-trailers, while the possibility of exchanging semi-trailers is considered ad hoc, after some unforeseen circumstances emerge on the route. Such an approach is a limiting factor in achieving optimal utilization of transport capacities, and consequently affects profitability. We proposed a new concept of vehicle fleet management where semi-trailers would not be permanently assigned to the tractors, but could be dynamically reassigned, to utilize optimally the vehicle fleet, on considering the planned itinerary, the driver’s working hours, and traffic conditions. <i>Methods:</i> We set the key performance indicators and developed a prototype application based on the concept of dynamic semi-trailer allocation. We simulated the use of the prototype application on the historical data collected in the case study on one of the leading transport companies in the cold chain, and evaluated the benefits that may be achieved thereof. <i>Results:</i> Simulation showed that implementing the proposed concept enabled the reduction of the vehicle workdays spent on-the-route, the reduction of the number of vehicle compositions needed to handle the transport demand, and improved the quality of service. <i>Conclusions:</i> The proposed concept is beneficial for transport companies that operate large vehicle fleets on long-haul routes, with several transport orders per route. The prototype application may be the basis for developing a fully functional application that can be integrated into the fleet management system.

Abdulmalik M. Altamimi

Grakovski Alexander, Krivchenkov Aleksandr, Misnevs Boriss

The research is related to machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) methods for clustering and classification that are compatible with anomaly detection (network attacks detection) in digital forensics. Research is conducted in the field of selecting subsets of features of a dataset useful for constructing a good predictor (classifier). In this study, a new feature selection method for a classifier based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is presented and tested. The proposed step-by-step algorithm for the iterative selection of these features makes it possible to obtain the minimum required list of features that are associated with attack events and can be used to detect them. For the classification, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method is used. The accuracy of attack detection by the proposed method has been verified in numerical experiments.

Marceli Leszek Drabek

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów odpowiedzialności za szkody w środowisku w polskim ustawodawstwie oraz możliwości ich ubezpieczenia w ramach polis funkcjonujących na polskim rynku. Autor zauważa, że głównym aktem prawnym regulującym odpowiedzialność za szkody w środowisku jest ustawa z dnia 13 kwietnia 2007 roku o zapobieganiu szkodom w środowisku i ich naprawie. Głównym celem publikacji jest przybliżeniem możliwości pokrycia w. w. szkód ubezpieczeniem OC z tytułu prowadzonej działalności lub specjalistycznym ubezpieczeniem środowiskowym, na rynkowych przykładach.

Shali Luo, Seung-Whan Choi

Purpose – This study proposes a Bayesian approach to analyze structural breaks and examines whether structural changes have occurred, at the onset of civil war, with respect to economic development and population during the period from 1945 to 1999. Design/methodology/approach – In the Bayesian logit regression changepoint model, parameters of covariates are allowed to shift individually, regime transitions can move back and forth, and the model is applicable to cross-sectional, time-series data. Findings – Contrary to popular belief that the causal process of civil war changed with the end of the Cold War, the empirical analysis shows that the regression relationships between civil war and economic development, as well as between civil war and population, remain quite stable during the study period. Originality/value – This is the first to develop a Bayesian logit regression changepoint model and to apply it to studies of economic development and civil war.

Logistics Editorial Office

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Bruna de Oliveira Cordeiro Hanthorne, Marco Antonio Lima Berberi

A prova digital é o objeto em análise da pesquisa. O objetivo do trabalho de investigação é levantar os principais aspectos contraditórios concernentes a utilização da prova digital em relação a prova e meios probatórios tradicionais. Desenvolve em três principais etapas: (i) primeira trata analisar o objeto mediante metodologia teórico dogmática com realização de levantamento sistemático qualitativo de doutrina na perspectiva dedutiva para delimitação conceitual, caracterização probatória e natureza de prova e prova digital; (ii) segunda etapa recebe característica empíricas na observância da regra e da efetiva prática judicial, o ensaio compara a normalização da lei com a realização prática percebendo discrepâncias entre regra válida e jurisprudência efetivada, o experimento possibilita perceber como ocorre a admissibilidade da prova digital, recebe os atributos de autenticidade, integridade e confiabilidade;  (iii) terceira etapa une as duas anteriores habilitando elencar aspectos controvertidos da prova digital, neste estudo delimitando-se na área do direito processual civil. Conclui demonstrando alguns casos que indicam a existência de fragilidades teóricas, necessidade de aprimoramento das normas e a utilização prática que indica descompasso entre a validade e a efetividade da norma quando trata da utilização das provas no âmbito do direito digital.

Mohsen Ghadir, Arash Maleki

Gathering reliable evidence is one of the significant challenges in international criminal trials. The main reasons for this challenge include location differences regarding court and crime scenes and measures taken by states to prevent neutral institutes reach for the evidence. In this circumstance, using new technologies may be a solution to solve this challenge. The gunshot detection system is among new technologies that could be useful. The mechanism of this technology works based on identification, recording, and immediate transfer of the information regarding using a firearm to a designated bureau, having civilian and military usage. Since many international crimes happen based on guns, recording and instant transferring related information could help the further trial. This article discusses the feasibility of using the gunshot detection system regarding the statute and the rules of procedure in five currently active international criminal tribunals. The International Criminal Court can use this technology more than other courts due to paragraph 3 of Article 69 of the Rome Statute and the features of permanence and universality.

Aspasia Koutsokosta, Stefanos Katsavounis

Quantifying the benefits of construction supply chain management through prescriptive models is a challenging and fast-growing research area that still lacks standardized optimization models with full integrative potential. In response to the needs and the peculiarities of the construction industry, this paper proposes an innovative model that merges temporal and project-based supply chains into a sustainable network with repetitive flows, large scope contracts, strategic alliances and economies of scale. It is a dynamic mixed-integer linear programming model for cost minimization of a three-echelon supply chain serving multiple sites with multiple products over a time horizon. Its novelty lies in yielding optimal decisions on network design, product quantities to be purchased and transported, shipments and inventory levels in all echelons under any logistics system in a multi-period, multi-product and multi-project environment with discount schemes and strategic preferences. The model is general enough to be implemented by any general contractor acting as a system integrator but also allows customization with logical constraints. All these features constitute an innovative, versatile and flexible managerial decision making tool. Model implementation is based on a spreadsheet optimization software and is followed by post-solution analysis, sensitivity analysis and multiple parameterized optimizations.

Janusz Stochlak

Narastające zainteresowanie piśmiennictwem zapomnianego polskiego emigranta Andrzeja Bobkowskiego (1913-1961) spowodowało, że warto przedstawić jego publikację poświęconą niezwykle szybkiej budowie kolei linowej z Zakopanego-Kuźnic na Kasprowy Wierch. Artykuł zatytułowany Napowietrzny „tunel”, ale nie Kellermana! między Europą a Ameryką pod Oceanem Atlantyckim został napisany w 1958 r. dla emigracyjnego radia „Wolna Europa„ w Monachium z okazji 25. rocznicy otwarcia tej kolei wybudowanej w latach 1935-36, a opublikowany w Polsce dopiero w 1987 r. Budowa tej kolei linowej jest wspomniana kilka razy w listach Andrzeja Bobkowskiego do jego stryja Aleksandra Bobkowskiego (1886–1966), który był wice-ministrem komunikacji i inicjatorem budowy i nadzorował ją osobiście. Budowa tej kolei była uważana za „skandal„ i podzieliła naukowców i społeczeństwo na dwa przeciwstawne obozy: jeden za ochroną przyrody w Tatrach, a drugi za budową kolei. Fakt budowy tej kolei był zazwyczaj przedstawiany tylko z punktu widzenia ochrony przyrody, którzy krytykowali to przedsięwzięcie. Dlatego wydaje się, że warto przedstawić argumenty z artykułu A. Bobkowskiego z 1958 r. za budową kolei linowej. A. Bobkowski był w stanie przewidzieć przyszłą tendencję do masowej turystyki i narciarstwa i jej wartości dla rozwoju Zakopanego.

Mikołaj Machowski

W artykule omówiono regulacje prawne dotyczące decyzji o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach dla planowanych inwestycji. Szczególny nacisk położony został na uwzględnienie inwestycji z zakresu działalności geologicznej i górniczej. Omówione zostały decyzje inwestycyjne istotne dla geologii i górnictwa. W artykule poczyniono także komentarz w stosunku do inwestycji, dla których wymagane jest uzyskanie decyzji środowiskowej jak i procedury jej uzyskania. Wyjaśnieniu poddano podstawowe pojęcia takie jak geologia i górnictwo, decyzja środowiskowa, koncesja, wybrane decyzje inwestycyjne, roboty geologiczne, obszar górniczy, plan ruchu zakładu górniczego. Artykuł omawia także organy administracji publicznej właściwe do wydawania decyzji o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach. Uwzględniono także przykłady praktycznych problemów, które zostały zaczerpnięte z orzecznictwa. Wskazano zmiany jakie zaszły w regulacjach prawnych dotyczących decyzji środowiskowej z uwzględnieniem działalności geologicznej i górniczej.