Mariagioia Petraretti, Antonino De Natale, Angelo Del Mondo
et al.
Abstract The preservation of cultural heritage, including ancient photographic materials, is of paramount importance in the field of conservation science. In this context, the microbial diversity of ‘Skull and Crossbones’, a 1983 photograph by Robert Mapplethorpe printed on silver gelatine, was assessed. We employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to characterize microbial communities inhabiting this artwork. Vibrational Raman micro spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy were utilized to assess the chemical degradation condition and characterize the chemical components of the silver gelatin print. The combination of molecular sequencing methods (Sanger and HTS approach) and non-invasive vibrational spectroscopy yielded valuable insights into the microbial communities thriving on photographic material and the chemical degradation of the print. Isolated fungal strains were added to the Fungal Collection at the University of Naples Federico II, and their deteriorative potential was investigated by adding substrates, commonly used in canvas photographs to the culture media. These results establish a link between microbial communities colonizing ancient photographic materials, paper decomposition, and the enzymatic patterns of the retrieved microorganisms. This information is invaluable for understanding and addressing biodeterioration progression on valuable works of art, such as historical photographs, which remain understudied.
Yassinta Ananda, Rivaldi Amir, Martin Kustati
et al.
The moral and ethical worldview of Minangkabau society in the early 20th century was deeply influenced by the teachings of earlier Islamic scholars, disseminated through various channels, one of the most notable being Majalah Pewarta Islam (Islamic Reporter Magazine) founded by Shaykh Abdul Latif Syakur. This publication served as a platform for religious guidance and ethical instruction, offering intellectual responses to the moral dilemmas of the era. This article examines the use of hadith in Pewarta Islam, analyzing its role in religious discourse and identifying key challenges in its application. Additionally, it highlights how the magazine’s incorporation of hadith enhanced readers' comprehension of Islamic principles. Using a qualitative, library-based research approach, the study conducts an exploratory and descriptive analysis of multiple issues of Pewarta Islam. The findings reveal that hadiths were employed as a daʿwah tool, providing practical advice, spiritual motivation, and ethical direction, particularly in matters of faith, morality, and daily activities. However, the study also emphasizes the necessity of accurate, contextually grounded hadith usage to prevent misinterpretation and uphold the integrity of the source of Islamic teachings. In light of these findings, the article recommends greater caution in presenting hadith within print-based daʿwah media. The insights from this research can serve as a valuable reference for Islamic publishers and writers, guiding them in optimizing hadith as both an educational resource and a means of societal moral transformation.
Тетяна Анатоліївна Роїк, Олег Анатолійович Гавриш, Юлія Юріївна Майстренко
et al.
У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу режимів тонкого суперфінішування брусками з синтетичних алмазів на формування параметру шорсткості Ra поверхонь зразків з нових антифрикційних композитів на основі промислових шліфувальних відходів силумінів — алюмінієвих сплавів АК7, АК12М2, АК21М2,5Н2,5, що призначені для оснащення вузлів післядрукарської техніки. Визначено вплив зернистості алмазних брусків, типу матеріалу зерна алмазу, типу зв’язки інструменту і основних режимів різання на параметри шорсткості Ra поверхонь оброблення силумінових композитів для деталей післядрукарських машин. суперфінішування виконувалось на прецизійному суперфінішному верстаті FR-250 фірми Foster (США), із застосуванням мастильно-охолоджуючи рідини. Для суперфінішування використовувались алмазні бруски на основі мікропорошків синтетичного алмазу (АС) зернистістю 40, 28, 20, 10, 7 та 3 мкм. Як зв’язка застосовувались металеві зв’язки М2-01, М2-08, керамічні К3-01, СК4 та органічні зв’язки В2-01 і В2-07. Встановлено, що зі зменшенням зернистості суперфінішних алмазних брусків (3‒40 мкм) параметри шорсткості Ra поверхні оброблення зменшується. Показано, що зі збільшенням швидкості обертання деталі Vд та швидкості поздовжньо-зворотних переміщень Vп.з. суперфінішного алмазного бруска вздовж осі зразка шорсткість поверхні оброблення погіршується (параметр Ra зростає на 10‒15 %). Цей факт пов’язаний з інтенсифікацією режимів різання у відповідності до загальних положень теорії абразивного оброблення. Мінімальні параметри шорсткості Ra поверхневої зони оброблення, які забезпечують задоволення вимог до якості поверхонь тертя післядрукарських машин, можуть бути отримані при застосуванні дрібнозернистих брусків з алмазів синтетичних (АС) зернистістю 3‒7 мкм на органічній зв’язці та при застосуванні наступних технологічних режимів різання при алмазному суперфінішуванні: швидкість обертання деталі Vд = 80‒120 м/хв; швидкість поздовжньо-зворотних переміщень бруска Vп.з. = 0,5‒1,0 м/хв; питомий тиск брусків q0 = 0,9‒1,1 МПа, амплітуда коливань брусків А = 3,0‒5,0 мм; інтенсивне застосування мастильно-охолоджуючої рідини. Отримані результати досліджень з надтонкого алмазного суперфінішування нових видів композитів на основі шліфувальних відходів силумінів для антифрикційних деталей дозволяють істотно поліпшити стабільність і надійність роботи вузлів тертя післядрукарської техніки завдяки можливості отримання високих параметрів шорсткості поверхонь композитних деталей.
With the positive development of the media, various mainstream cultures and ideologies have also changed. It is difficult for the two to accommodate. “Feminism”, as a progressive thought, spreads in the media space and has a great impact on the cognition of social equality between men and women. This paper studies and analyses about 200 articles from two traditional Chinese print media, exploring the cognition trend of Chinese traditional media on feminism and the deep reasons for existing negative reports. Conclusions can be drawn that the general attitude of traditional Chinese media to feminism is neutral and positive, while both the traditional dualism of patriarchal society and the reform of social economic structure have influenced the cognition and inclusiveness of traditional media to feminism.
Background of the study: Bahagia Mendawai Library wants to empower the community in the Kampung Wisata Caping Pontianak, which is on the outskirts of the Kapuas River.
Purpose: To introduce the existence and benefits of libraries to the community, efforts are made through library promotional activities.
Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The number of informants consists of 4 (four) people.
Findings: The results showed that the promotional activities carried out by the Bahagia Mendawai Library used publications using social media and brochures, participated in exhibitions and had various innovation programs such as Siberliterasi, JeLi, and Pojok Literasi. The media used are print media and the internet. The perceived obstacle are the lack of available resources in the form of inadequate facilities in carrying out promotional activities on social media and the weak knowledge of librarian related to promotions.
Conclusion: The promotional activities carried out by the Bahagia Mendawai Library in terms of its existence are quite good because the library is already known by the community around the library and attracted the interest of people outside the Kampung Wisata Caping Pontianak. However, in terms of the usefulness of the promotion, it has not been maximized because not all people have used the library.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
This research examines the role of professors and print media within small communities, the town-and-gown relationship between universities and the broader communities they inhabit, and the nature of the public discourse on important social issues on community, provincial, national, and international levels. Since 1996, professors at a small Canadian liberal arts and sciences university have contributed to and supported an op-ed column in a local newspaper serving a small rural and conservative city. Using survey research and personal interviews, this research attempts to understand the motivations of these professors to write columns and explores their understandings of what it means to be a public intellectual. This case study contributes to the literature on the sociology of intellectuals, and especially the study of academics and their roles as public intellectuals within modern universities and the broader communities they inhabit and in which they are engaged.
The existence of print mass media keeps the quality of journalism. In this case, journalism is not just pursuing new/actual news but presenting deep information that can be accounted for intelligently. The moral responsibility of the print mass media in this context makes the nation enlightened. Society is not easily dragged into the fast-paced news, instant information, and first-to-appear information hunting. Print media journalism presents meaningful journalism.
The way media and journalism present and deal with certain topics can firmly reflect the dominant opinion on questions important in society. This paper examines the way media describes women in the Serbian Armed Forces. The authors postulate that the positive publicity in the media can contribute to achieving greater equality, as well as encouraging woman to choose military professions, while simultaneously improving the public image of the Serbian Armed Forces. This research covers items published in print and electronic Serbian media spanning from 2016. to 2018. Our research demonstrates that women in the Serbian Armed Forces are consistently present at the same percentage of the total amount of public reporting on military news and topics. Such result is a reflection of the societal acceptance of female enrolment in the Military Academy more than a decade ago, coupled with the implementation of two national Action Plans under the UN Security Councilˊs Resolution 1325 - Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia. It is the opinion of the authors that the image of women in traditionally male - dominant professions, such as the military, is viewed as positive. The majority of articles on women in the Army are noted to be issued during either highly publicized events, such as the promotion ceremony for the youngest officers of the Serbian Armed Forces in front of the National Assembly in Belgrade or during advertisements for enrolment in Military Schools and voluntary conscription. Overall, the image and role of women in the Army is viewed as more positive compared to articles of women in general and in other professions in Serbia. The results of this research have also indicated that some stereotyping exists, relating to the representation of women in media. Further improvements can be directed towards diversifying topics on women with the active support of the military establishment itself.
This article presents some results obtained in the study of the advertising image characteristics in marketing communications (on the example of Russian residential real estate advertising). The study materials present print media advertising and online advertising, as well as construction companies and residential areas websites. To achieve the goal, a survey, analytical, theoretical, systemic, pragmatic methods, as well as methods of continuous sampling of linguistic means, techniques and units from marketing communications texts that create an image of a product, and of semantic interpretation and identification were used. The analysis revealed that brand names, epithets, metaphors and phraseological units are the most productive in creating the image of residential real estate in marketing communications. The concept of social and ethical marketing integrates advertising of real estate marketing products, when the product image goes beyond consumption standards and becomes media itself, creating a new communication.
The paper tackles the problem of the role and importance of media in the lives of elderly people. It takes into account the concept of media, both traditional ones like radio and television from the sociological point of view, and modern ones like the Internet as a universal tool. Media have been noticed in the lives of seniors as a past memory and a link to modern times. The research conducted on a small group showed resources of technical media in seniors’ households and presented the seniors’ attitudes to the information and pictures of reality provided by the media. New media are on the border of habits and everyday routines of these people and completely new technologies which are brought about by modern times. In the context of so many economic, civilizational, political and social transformations as well as a dynamic development of media, their deep embedment in the lives of elderly people is shown. There is no doubt that irrespective of age, there is a strong need for lifelong learning in the process of forming awareness of the contents provided by communicators and widely understood media. A very important thing is to show possibilities of the used media to promote education at different levels and in different forms. It should be noted that this type of research is still a challenge for today’s researchers and a task which, despite numerous difficulties, is worthwhile. The problems raised in this paper are a starting point for further research which is particularly interesting and important in the context of changes within broadly understood culture, media technology and media convergence. The demographic trend entails certain economic consequences, and with them social ones, because it requires the adoption of radical actions in public policy, especially in the field of health or education.
Цифрова цивілізація розвивається все стрімкіше, а сучасні технології захоплюють усі сфери, в яких функціонує людина. Якість життя окремих осіб, занурених у різноманітні соціальні мережі, не залежить від їхнього віку, але визначається рівнем персональних інформаційних компетенцій. Незважаючи на принади віртуального світу й можливості, які він створює, у ньому закладено також певні небезпеки, а то і смертельні пастки для деяких його споживачів.
Нині дуже популярні соціальні медіа. Молодь надзвичайно активно користується їхніми зручностями, проте не бракує й зрілих осіб, які ледь не щодня беруть участь у численних дискусіях на різних форумах «Фейсбуку». Оскільки користування таким соціальним порталом має багато переваг, не можна не згадати і про певні вади, що випливають з невластивого споживання останніх. Однією з часто порушуваних як в літературі, так і в реальному житті тем є ситуації, коли користувачі «Фейсбуку» уживають в стосунку до інших людей в мережі так званий hate speech, мову ненависті, тобто підбирають відповідну лексику з метою збудження нетерпимості або інших форм шельмування особи, групи осіб чи будь-якого іншого суб’єкта.
Мова ненависті може набувати різних форм і у польській правничій системі вона трактується як злочин. Адміністратори «Фейсбуку» намагаються перешкоджати поведінці, що обумовлюється мовою ненависті, однак це дуже не легка справа. Останні дослідження свідчать, що з 2,5 млн різного роду ненависницьких текстів вдалося знешкодити лише 38 %, що у свою чергу вказує на неефективність нинішніх алгоритмів «Фейсбуку» з розв’язання цієї проблеми. Про її істотність йдеться у поданій нижче статті, мета якої — характеристика мови ненависті у соціальних медіа на прикладі «Фейсбуку». Аналізується поняття hate speech, а через нього вплив такої мови на психіку людини. При цьому автор вдавався до дескрипцій (описів) поведінки користувачів, що інколи має місце у «Фейсбуку» як найбільш відомому і популярному соціальному медіа.
In this selective review, we examine key findings on eye movements when viewing advertisements. We begin with a brief, general introduction to the properties and neural underpinnings of saccadic eye movements. Next, we provide an overview of eye movement behavior during reading, scene perception, and visual search, since each of these activities is, at various times, involved in viewing ads. We then review the literature on eye movements when viewing print ads and warning labels (of the kind that appear on alcohol and tobacco ads), before turning to a consideration of advertisements in dynamic media (television and the Internet). Finally, we propose topics and methodological approaches that may prove to be useful in future research.
This article examines how Members of the German Bundestag (MdBs) used Twitter in the context of the country’s 2013 federal elections. In particular, we explore the dynamics in the MdBs’ use of Twitter during different periods of the electoral term: How do the tweeting habits of MdBs differ by party before and during the election campaign in (a) public versus personal communication and (b) campaign versus policy messages? How are the selection of interaction partners, centralization on leading actors, and reciprocity of the MdBs’ Twitter networks affected by election campaigning? We address these questions by conducting a content analysis combined with a network analysis of interaction patterns. The comparative application of both methods explains the differences of MdBs’ networks. The comparison clearly exhibits election campaign-driven changes related to the amount of activity and the character of tweeted messages. During the campaign period, MdBs’ tweets clearly discussed specific policies less than before. Tweeting about one’s personal life occurred also less frequently in the final campaign stage. Instead, the MdBs mainly complement other forms of election campaigning through a vivid metacommunication on campaign developments. Network relations reflect these variations and were less often reciprocated in proximity to the election and showed a higher degree of group homophily. We also found a substantial representation of print and broadcast media actors in the examined @reply networks. It is likely that these interactions and conversations with journalists are part of an MdB’s individual performance of “news management.”