Hasil untuk "Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only)"

Ali Alkandari, Edward Frederick, Ahmad Alsaber et al.

The cognitive mediation model (CMM) explains the cognitive internalization of information that causes learning from media. The current study adopts CMM to predict opinion expression, the primary behavioral output that the spiral of silence (SOS) theory explores. This study proposes a model that starts with the two components of SOS (fear of social isolation (FSI) and opinion congruency), which stimulate seeking out media news (surveillance motive). People pay attention to media news about an issue, cognitively elaborate it, and discuss it with others. These activities influence individuals to learn about the issue (learning is operationally defined by perceived familiarity, structural knowledge, and procedural knowledge). This issue’s knowledge influences individuals in their decision whether to speak out or not based on their perception of information instrumentality (the perceived usefulness of information to express an opinion in a given situation) and the ability to counter-argue. To test the model, this study employs two issues (dual-nationality and women’s freedoms) using two separate network samples of individuals (N = 1050 and N = 1289) responding to two questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that FSI and congruence predicted a surveillance motive. Elaboration predicted structural and procedural knowledge, while attention and interpersonal discussions predicted perceived familiarity. Structural knowledge predicted counter-arguing, and perceived familiarity predicted information instrumentality. Procedural knowledge was a moderate predictor of instrumentality and counter-argument. Finally, instrumentality was a stronger predictor than counter-arguing of opinion expression. We discuss these results and relate them to model validation, implications, a future research agenda, and limitations.

Elza P. Bakaeva, Sanan A. Nominkhanov

Introduction. The article is devoted to the personality of a prominent orientalist, the first doctor of Philology of Kalmykia, Tseren-Dordzhi Nominkhanov. The purpose of the article is to analyze and introduce into scientific circulation little-known and previously unknown data on the biography of Tseren-Dordzhi Nominkhanov from the first years of his activity (before 1930th). The materials for the study were both individual documents and data from surveys conducted in different years in Kalmykia. The information obtained as a result of the interviews provides an opportunity to expand the understanding of the difficult life path of the scientist and the fate of his people, testifies to the relevance of using an integrated approach in biographical research. Results. To date, there are different spellings of the scientist's name in the scientific literature, which is due to his use of both variants in the early and late periods of his activity, as well as the peculiarities of the Kalmyk onomasticon. The authors pay attention to the environment in which the formation of Ts.-D. Nominkhanov took place, and a possible influence on the subsequent formation of the researcher. The data of surveys containing new information about the life of Ts.-D. Nominkhanov, as well as data from archival materials, testifying to the difficult initial path of becoming a scientist, are presented.

Lin WU

In recent years, the Modi government has taken an active role in integrating regional infrastructure, participating in the geopolitical game in South Asia and the Indo-Pacific through infrastructure diplomacy and promoting development cooperation in the Global South. This paper examines India’s intentions and actions in integrating regional infrastructure. It also explores the prospects and impacts in the context of Modi 3.0’s shift to a ‘Bharat first’ foreign policy.

Ajie Hanif Muzaqi, Berlian Tyasotyaningrum, Tian Tri Wardhani

This study seeks to achieve two main objectives: first, analyzing the collaborative governance model as a strategy to develop “Banyu Biru” tourism in Gondongwetan Village, Nganjuk Regency, and second, knowing the opportunities and challenges of “Banyu Biru” tourism to be able to develop and compete with other tourism. This research is important to be carried out with the first consideration, Nganjuk Regency is weak in developing its tourism potential considering that its potential is sufficient to compete with other districts in East Java. Second, the local government still lacks collaboration in community empowerment, so it seems that the policy is not participatory. The research method we use is qualitative with a case study approach. The results of our analysis show that the starting conditions model has not run optimally due to the closed attitude of the community and local government to collaborate to empower Banyu Biru tourism, making it difficult to develop and accept new concept innovations. However, the natural and cultural tourism owned by Gondang Wetan Village has the potential to make it a tourist attraction, especially Banyu Biru plus the potential of MSMEs owned.

Tim Summers

This analysis offers a historical assessment of “economic statecraft” in Beijing's approach to Hong Kong from 1997 to 2020. It discusses how the concept of “economic statecraft” can be applied to Beijing–Hong Kong relations given the nature of the “one country, two systems” framework, and looks at some differing perceptions about economic statecraft in Hong Kong. It argues that, during this period, economic tools were in general used by Beijing relatively sparingly, and in the form of inducements rather than coercion. In conclusion, the analysis suggests that the contested interpretations of Beijing–Hong Kong economic relations demonstrate that “economic statecraft” is to a certain extent in the eye of the beholder.

Pratiwi  Pratiwi

Expansion of public participation in local autonomy is manifestated in government legal permition and support toward community-based services (CBS) in Bogor City_ CBS is public services that are provided by individual citizen and non government organization. In fact, CBS mill Bogor City frees some obstacles in legal permition firlfillment and less of support for the government. Obstacles and problem solutions in CBS are two things that are answered in this research. Qualitative method with quantitative data using as data support were used to answer the formula problems. After the withdrawal of quantitative data and the interviews were conducted for users, providers and government authorities in the Bogor City, it is proved that the providers experienced problems in licensing, provision of facilities, student development and human resources. However, coin Pliffnity-based services contribute to the achievement of minimum service standards (SPA/1), and some other perceived benefits such as low cost for users and the service is fast and precise. This study led to the recommendation in the form of strategic action and solution of the perceived constraints and government users.

Haening Ratna Sumiar

Front Matter JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik)

Sri Iwandari Putri, Pratama Maulana Yuliardi, Qembiq Al Gezon et al.

Penelitian ini berjudul “Peran Banyumas Kreatif dalam Pengembangan Potensi Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Komunitas di Kabupaten Banyumas”. Latar belakang penelitian ini yaitu munculnya suatu komunitas masyarakat yaitu Banyumas Kreatif sebagai solusi bagi permasalahan belum maksimalnya Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyumas dalam memanfaatkan potensi kreatif yang sedang berkembang di daerahnya. Padahal, Kabupaten Banyumas berpotensi menjadi kota kreatif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peran Banyumas Kreatif dalam membantu pemerintah untuk mewujudkan Kabupaten Banyumas sebagai kota kreatif. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan informan yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling.  Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi sumber yang dapat diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran Banyumas Kreatif dalam pengembangan potensi ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Banyumas telah mencakup empat aspek yaitu peran fasilitatif meliputi dukungan, konsensus dan mengorganisasi.  Peran edukasional yaitu meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat, menyampaikan informasi dan pelatihan.  Peran perwakilan meliputi membuat mitra serta sharing pengalaman dan pengetahuan. Peran keterampilan teknis yaitu pengembangan masyarakat dalam menerapkan keterampilan teknis.

Seyed Ali Mahmoudi

Civil disobedience in John Rawls’ theory of justice is protesting actions of citizens against some unjust laws and policy making in a democratic governments. The objective of such actions is reform and change on the basis of a constitution through rational and peaceful manners. Rawls relied on civil disobedience on the philosophical and moral foundation and, while justifying it on the basis of two principles of justice, discusses the role of this non-violent civil action. In his assessment, civil disobedience is justifiable as a legal and moral action, for this treatment confronts unjust, no efficient other lawful acts, and acceptance of some inevitable limitations. It is forming on the basis of expansion of liberties, rationality, and overlapping consensus. Hence Civil disobedience is a democratic movement and its objective is reform of some laws and structures; therefore it cannot be considered as militant actions. This research uses conceptual analysis and critical evaluation based upon analytic philosophy to explain and criticize the issue of civil disobedience in Rawls political philosophy. The outcome of this study is that Rawls’ thoughts as a means of defining and explaining the philosophical and ethical principles, as well as the precise drawing of civil disobedience boundaries from militant practices have the rational consistency and theoretical strength. Against this observation, his objective guidance and action in this regard are in some cases subject to ambiguities and shortcomings. Rawls does not follow a same method regarding such guidance.

Sumitra Wicha, Benjaporn Saovapha, Sirirat Sripattarangkul et al.

In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.

Nuansyah Harahap, Heri Kusmanto

Abstrak Masihrendahnya motivasi kerja pegawai pada Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan kantor Bupati Langkat, diduga hal ini terjadi karena gaya kepemimpinan formal maupun non formal belum terlaksana dengan baik sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi pegawai yang ada. Oleh karena itu sasaran penelitian diarahkan kepada 2 variabel yaitu gaya kepemimpinan formal dan kepemimpinan non formal untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruhnya terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor BupatiLangkat. Penelitian dilakukan di Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor Bupati Langkat. Bentuk penelitian menitik beratkan pada proses, dekripsi analisis yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan formal dan gaya kepemimpinan non formal terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai. Populasi adalah seluruh pegawai Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor Bupati Langkat yang berjumlah 59 orang yang keseluruhan populasi dijadikan sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelitian perpustakaan, penelitian lapangan dan observasi langsung. Alat analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model regresi linier berganda. Indevenden variable (variable bebas) adalah gaya kepemimpinan formal (X1) dangaya kepemimpinan non formal (X2). Devendenvarieble (variable takbebas) adalah motivasi. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif dengan mempergunakan perangkat lunakkomputer program SPSS, yakni menguji dan menganalisis data dengan penghitungan angka-angka untuk kemudian menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan Gaya Kepemimpinan Formal memiliki pengaruh yang kecil terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor BupatiLangkat. Hal ini menjelaskan Gaya Kepemimpinan Formal yang diterapkan di lingkunganBagianUmumdan Perlengkapan Kantor Bupati Langkat belum berjalan baik sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dalam meningkatkan motivasi kerja pegawai. Gaya Kepemimpinan non formal memiliki engaruh terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor Bupati Langkat yang lebih dominan. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Formal dan Gaya Kepemimpinan non formal memiliki pengaruh secaras imultan terhadap motivasi kerja pegawai pada Bagian Umum dan Perlengkapan Kantor Bupati Langkat. Dengan kata lain variabilitas motivasi  yang dapat diterangkan dengan menggunakan variabel Gaya Kepemimpinan Formal dan Gaya Kepemimpinan non formal. Kata Kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan (Formal dan Non Formal), Motivasi Kerja Pegawai.   EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE PUBLIC AND OFFICE EQUIPMENT LANGKAT REGENT Abstract The low motivation of employees working in the Division of General and Langkat Regent Office, suspected this was because the style of formal and informal leadership has not done well in accordance with the circumstances existing employees. Therefore, the target of research directed at two variables: leadership style formal and non-formal leadership to determine the extent of its influence on employee motivation BagianUmum and Office Supplies Langkat Regent. The study was conducted at the Division of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent. Forms of research focuses on the process, decryption analysis aimed to determine the effect of leadership style formal and non-formal leadership style towards employee motivation. The population is all employees of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent totaling 59 people overall population sampled. Data collection techniques using library research, field research and direct observation. Analisa data tool used in this research is multiple linear regression model. Independ- ent variable (independent variable) is a formal leadership style (X1) and non-formal leadership style (X2). Devenden varieble (dependent variable) was the motivation. Quantitative data analysis techniques by using SPSS computer software, namely testing and analyzing the data by counting the numbers-the numbers to then draw conclusions. Results of the study explained Formal leadership style has little effect on work motivation of employees of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent. This explains Formal leadership style that is applied in the Division of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent has not been going well as expected in enhancing employee motivation. Non-formal leadership style had an influence on employee motivation Division of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent more dominant. Influence of Leadership Style Leadership Style Formal and non-formal having simultaneous effect on the motivation of employees working in the Division of General and Office Supplies Langkat Regent. In other words motivation variability can be explained by using variable Leadership Style Leadership Style Formal and non-formal. Keywords: Leadership Style (Formal and Non Formal), Employee Work Motivation

Farzana Haniffa

Issues that are prominent within the anti-Muslim hate discourse that pervaded Sri Lanka in recent years are the speed at which the Muslim community is increasing its numbers—they are said to become a majority in a few decades; as well as Muslim women’s dress- the hijab nikab and abhaya. Certain Muslim interlocutors’ own responses have included defending the hijab as protecting women from violence, and urging that the state institute measures to increase the Sinhalese population. Ironically the latter was also the position of the Bodu Bala Sena the group propagating anti- Muslim sentiment; and the government responded to the position and institutionalized it by way of a health ministry circular banning NGO programs in reproductive health. I look at the manner in which gender orders became reorganized in the aftermath of the state’s military victory over the rebel group the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 as a consequence of militarism. This reordering is reflected both in the anti Muslim rhetoric and the rolling back of important women friendly policies in the country. Writing on women’s experiences in Sri Lanka, however look mainly at the experiences of particular ethnic communities at the expense of a collective narrative of exclusion exploitation and misogyny. Exploring these developments this paper will also speculate as to why it is difficult to think outside the ethnic frames to understand the gendered nature of the post war moment.

Ashvin Immanuel Devasundaram

The Film Reviews section aims to highlight the regional diversity that is an intrinsic component in the cinemas of India. The focus will be on existing and emerging independent films from across the length and breadth of the nation. Discovering these ‘hidden gems’ within the treasure trove of Indian cinema, will not only emphasise its mélange of vernacular and regional cinematic nuances, but also provide an insight into the kaleidoscope of India’s socio-cultural construction. Therefore, the Review section will facilitate a filmic sojourn across the variegated terrain of India’s often overlooked and yet flourishing independent cinema. In particular resonance with this issue’s homage to 100 years of Indian Cinema, we will traverse from Kashmir and ‘Harud’, to Odisha and ‘Maya Miriga’, culminating in Mumbai with ‘Ship of Theseus’.

Annie Pohlman

Yun SUN

The author argues that the democratic reform in Myanmar is rooted in profound internal and external factors. Since the beginning of the reform, the changes in Myanmar have taken tolls in a series of China’s existing interests inside the country. Economically, Chinese investments have come under increasing scrutiny, criticism, and even oppositions, threatening the viability of strategic projects such as the oil and gas pipelines. Politically, the initial success of the democratic reform in Myanmar raises questions about Beijing’s continuous resistance to reform. Strategically, the changes in Myanmar undercut China’s original blueprint about the strategic utilities of Myanmar for China at ASEAN, in the Indian Ocean and more broadly in the region. In light of the changes, China has adjusted its policy toward Myanmar. Not only has Beijing dramatically reduced its economic investments in Myanmar, it also cooled down the political ties while established relations with the democratic oppositions. At the same time, China also launched massive public relations campaigns inside Myanmar aimed at improving its image and relations with the local communities.

Alice D. Ba

This paper considers ASEAN's value added and limitations as regards its ability to play a meaningful and practical security role in East Asia and the Asia Pacific. It argues that ASEAN's contributions to regional security and within ASEAN-plus arrangements are not uniform. Instead, they vary depending on the relationship and the arrangement. This paper gives particular attention to two sets of relations: 1) ASEAN's relations with major powers; and 2) major power relations with one another. It argues that the latter has proven most challenging in terms of both practical changes to the regional security environment and growing questions about the appropriateness and capacity of ASEAN to “lead” institutional arrangements, but that such challenges may also vary depending on which major power relationship or regional institution is in question. It further argues that ASEAN's challenges are also conditioned by security contributions that are often understated, though dissatisfactions from both inside and outside the organization are likely to remain persistent challenges to ASEAN ability to defend its current role.

Marco Bünte

Editorial of Vol. 28, No. 2 (2009) of the Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. Editorial zu Heft 2, Jahrgang 28 (2009) der Zeitschrift "Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs".

Paul Chambers

In Thailand’s emerging democracy, the Senate has played an often underestimated role. This study analyzes Thailand’s Upper House, examining its historical evolution until 2009. In particular, it focuses on the following questions. What innovations did the 1997 Constitution bring to the Senate? How and why was the Senate adjusted under the 2007 constitution? The study further reviews the Senate elections of 2000 and 2006 as well as the election/selection of 2008. Finally, it postulates as to the continued significance of an Upper House in Thailand and offers recommendations for the future course of Thailand’s developing Senate. In Thailands junger Demokratie spielte der Senat eine häufig unterschätzte Rolle. Die Studie analysiert die Entstehung des Oberhauses bis zum Jahr 2009. Der Artikel konzentriert sich auf folgende Fragen: Welche Neuerungen brachte die Verfassung von 1997 für den Senat? Wie und warum wurde der Senat im Jahr 2007 angepasst? Die Studie kommentiert ebenfalls die Senatswahlen der Jahre 2000 und 2006 sowie die Wahl/Ernennung 2008. Außerdem bewertet sie die Bedeutung des Oberhauses in Thailand und bietet Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Senats.

Robert A. Scalapino

Ours is an era when the relation between a nation's domestic condition and its foreign policies has become increasingly close. Japan is no exception. That nation's post-1945 leadership, political institutions, and economic policies have combined with a cultural legacy, modified but still influential, to provide the foundations of contemporary Japanese foreign policy. While aspects of that foreign policy are now under intensive review and may undergo substantial alterations in the years immediately ahead, such development cannot diverge greatly from the indigenous sources that provide them with support.

Jens Østergaard Petersen