Hasil untuk "Political institutions and public administration (General)"

Caio Victor Nascimento Santos, Camilla Montanha de Lima, Joanna Caroline Queiroz

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as possibilidades de aplicação da teoria do Transconstitucionalismo, que busca analisar as interações entre diferentes ordenamentos jurídicos, especialmente entre o ordenamento do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e o brasileiro. Utilizando como marco teórico o Transconstitucionalismo, em uma abordagem retórico-semântica, de Marcelo Neves, em que o autor argumenta que é possível estabelecer diferentes níveis de diálogo entre os ordenamentos, o que permite atribuir significado para a Constituição à luz de direitos humanos. A partir dessa perspectiva teórica, o artigo busca elaborar uma teoria realista do direito na América Latina, tendo como referência dados empíricos, como o caso do Cômputo em Dobro no Complexo Prisional do Curado em Pernambuco. Com base nesses dados, os autores propõem que é possível conceber o direito como um fenômeno social e que está evoluindo em direção a uma concepção de justiça social. Se essa hipótese for confirmada, o direito do ordenamento jurídico interamericano pode ser visto como uma ferramenta capaz de garantir direitos fundamentais aos indivíduos encarcerados, enfrentando as omissões e as inconstitucionalidades do Estado Nacional. Para além disso, deve ser levado em consideração também a atuação da Defensoria Pública do Estado como instrumento institucional fundamental para efetivação de direitos humanos.

Ildikó Ritter

A szerző áttekintést nyújt a fogvatartottak HCV-fertőzésével kapcsolatos legújabb kutatásról.

N. M. Mezhevich, V. A. Shamakhov, A. D. Khlutkov

The article deals with the issues of economic security in the context of the modern interpretation of post-globalization. After analyzing the existing definitions of the concept of “economic security”, the authors came to the conclusion that the implementation of Russia’s national interests and priorities in the economic sphere is impossible without taking into account the regional factor. The Northwestern Federal District is of particular importance for the system of strategic priorities of regional security due to historical, geographical, and economic reasons. A universal understanding of security presupposes a particularly attentive attitude to key regions. Let us point out that this corresponds to all world approaches to understanding economic security

N. M. Mezhevich, V. V. Solodilov, V. A. Shamakhov

The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, like any other Russian and international agglomeration, is not only a spatial, but also a socio-economic process. The genesis of agglomeration is associated with economic and political changes. Spatial change is the consequence of new economic and political challenges. The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration can and should be considered as a single integrated process, which does not mean denying the advisability of considering agglomeration by sector. This article addresses some issues in the western agglomeration sector.

Mónika Nogel

Most of the studies published in Hungary on the judicial expert system and expert evidence in criminal proceedings do not deal with the question whether the availability of forensic DNA experts is adequate for the defense. This paper examines the current legal environment and focuses on this question. The study also gives a brief overview of the circumstances when DNA analysis plays an essential role in criminal cases. Finally, the article will show whether the defense can employ its own forensic DNA expert in criminal cases.

Ani Matei, Adrian Stelian Dumitru

Subsidiarity constitutes a guiding principle of the EU exercising power and the idea of involving national parliaments in the EU legislative procedure was seen as the best solution to increase democracy and transparency of the EU decision-making process at the European Convention established in 2001. Such a mechanism enables national parliaments to ensure the correct application of the principle of subsidiarity by the institutions taking part in the legislative process. This article examines how this principle is implemented by the national parliaments and EU responsible institutions. What is the novelty derived from the Treaty of Lisbon? Do national parliaments participate actively in the implementation of subsidiarity? If yes, what are the tools at their disposal? To answer all of these questions we try to shape a framework for understanding the phenomenon.

Mark Abrahams, Sibulele Walaza

No abstract available.

Kinga Sorbán

Az informatikai környezetben elkövethető bűncselekményeket nehéz kimerítően felsorolni, hiszen a Büntető Törvénykönyv tényállásainak jelentős része megvalósítható az új technológiai eszközök segítségével. Színes és szerteágazó területről beszélünk, amely mind a gyakorlati szakemberek, mind a témával foglalkozó kutatók részéről is egy új szemléletet kíván. Az MTA Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpontjának munkatársa, Mezei Kitti által szerkesztett kötet nem kisebb feladatra vállalkozik, mint hogy interdiszciplináris jelleggel mutassa be a technológiai fejlődés hatását a bűnügyi tudományokra. A tanulmánykötet számos területről, így a büntető anyagi és eljárásjogi, a kriminalisztika, a kriminológia és a rendészettudomány köréből is tartalmaz írásokat. A gondos szelekció révén nyújt betekintést azokba a sokszor ma még science fiction-nek tűnő problémákba, amelyek hatásait inkább előbb, mint utóbb Magyarországon is érezhetjük majd.

Patricia Helena Calero-Pardo

La definición del feminicidio en relación con la violencia basada en género [VBG] implica, por una parte, el reconocimiento de lo pertinente con el contexto de discriminación y de agresión que termina con el direccionamiento de la violencia en contra de la mujer por el hecho de serlo o por su identidad de género, y por otro, un elemento polémico que antepone de manera diferenciada tal tipo de violencia frente a la amplitud del concepto de género abierto igualmente al abanico de posibilidades para ser comprendido con equidad cuando se trata de otras personas quienes por su condición padecen igualmente violencias. En el presente documento se realiza un avance en la investigación para la exposición de los conceptos sexo, género, orientación, identidad y expresión de género, para tener en cuenta el alcance de las violencias basadas en el género en contraste con la definición legal contenida para el feminicidio en la legislación colombiana.

Igor F. Kefeli, Sergey A. Malmberg

The article is devoted to the information confrontation of states in modern conditions. The approaches of various countries to the information impact on the internal political situation of other states and measures taken at the technical and legislative level in order to counter this threat are described. The concept of «information capacity of the state» is introduced and its components are described. It is concluded that the scale of the information confrontation of states depends on factors that correlate with the components of the information capacity of the state. The use of the introduced conceptual apparatus «information capacity of the state» is a necessary condition for the success of the state policy in matters of information confrontation.

M. Peterson

Mircea Botei

J. Lander

Rolando Bolaños Garita

La concreción de acciones de reforma administrativa en Costa Rica conlleva a un análisis minucioso de elementos y actores de diverso tipo: doctrinarios, socioeconómicos, técnicos y jurídicos, nacionales e internacionales, los cuales se han entremezclado – y todavía lo hacen–, para conformar así todo un esquema de grandes proporciones sobre lo que ha sido el modelo de Estado costarricense, y en lo que puede convertirse. El reconocimiento de este esquema, que ostenta rasgos distintivos que no necesariamente encontramos en otros países, implica que las propuestas de reforma criolla sean precisamente eso: autóctonas, lo cual obliga a evitar por beneficio propio, la extrapolación de propuestas o tendencias foráneas que, a pesar de resultar en otras latitudes, es muy seguro que no apliquen para las dimensiones costarricenses.

C. Osakwe

Y. Sarfati

S. A. Kvitka

The article deals with one of the basic principles of local government reform and decentralization in the country. The principle of subsidiarity is the main feature of coordination between all levels of government in Europe. Specifically defined in the the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The implementation of the letter and spirit of the document, and universally binding of the Council of Europe is an important task in modern Ukraine. Decentralization, territorial communities, change the administrativeterritorial structure, capable of forming communities and the provision of public services under to national standards should follow the principle of subsidiarity and thus provide approximations of government in Ukraine to European standards.

Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard, Nis Grünberg

Matthew Moten