Underwater vehicles are widely used in underwater salvage and underwater photography. However, the processing of underwater images has always been a significant challenge. Due to low light conditions in underwater environments, images are often affected by color casts, low visibility and missing edge details. These issues seriously affect the accuracy of underwater object detection by underwater vehicles. To address these problems, an underwater low-light image enhancement method based on image fusion and color balance is proposed in this paper. First, color compensation and white balance algorithms are employed to restore the natural appearance of the images. The texture characteristics of these white-balanced images are then enhanced using unsharp masking (USM) technology. Subsequently, a dual channel dehazing is applied, the image visibility is improved and the blocking artifacts common in traditional dark channel dehazing is avoided. Finally, through multi-scale fusion, the sharpened and dehazed image are combined to obtain the final enhanced image. In quantitative analysis, PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), SSIM (Structural Similarity index), UIQM (Underwater Image Quality Measurement) and UCIQE (Underwater Color Image Quality Evaluation) were 28.62, 0.8753, 0.8831 and 0.5928, respectively. The results show that the images generated by this enhancement technique have higher visibility compared with other methods. It also produces images with more details while preserving edge information.
This text is the result of archival research conducted at the Institut national de l’audiovisuel (INA) in Paris. An analysis of the INA archives from the perspective of a Polish film scholar facilitates not only a mapping of the media presence of Polish cinema in French television and radio between 1945 and 1989 but also critical reflections on how an external observer – as represented by the French media – constructed an image of Polish culture, identity, and history. This perspective is particularly significant in the context of a state and a national cinema that operated for decades under conditions of political dependency, restricted access to free markets, and censorship. Research conducted within INA’s archival databases allows for the reconstruction of the evolving French perception of Polish cinema during this period. Moreover, it sheds new light on the function of film as a medium of social communication and as a tool of political semiotics. In this sense, INA emerges not only as a repository of audiovisual resources but also as a mirror reflecting the shifting image of Poland and Polish cinema within the Western media discourse. The text also provides numerous previously unexplored insights for Polish film scholars, particularly regarding Polish filmmakers and their appearances in the French media landscape.
Abstract Single image super‐resolution (SISR) is a promising research direction in computer vision and image processing for improving the visual perception of low‐quality images. In recent years, deep learning algorithms have driven tremendous development in SR, and SR methods based on various network architectures have significantly improved the quality of reconstructed images. Although there has been a large amount of reviews focusing on SISR, few studies have focused specifically on network architectures for SISR. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of the design ideas of SISR using multiple architectures, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Transformer, and Diffusion model. In addition, an experimental analysis and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art SR algorithms have been performed on publicly available quantitative and qualitative datasets. Finally, some future directions are discussed that may help other community researchers.
Abstract Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of low‐light image enhancement. However, challenges remain, such as the substantial parameter consumption required for effective image enhancement. Inspired by multi‐scale geometric transformations in image detail enhancement, a novel model called the fixed‐directional filters network is proposed. Fixed‐directional filters network takes the original image as input and employs multiple branches for parallel processing. One branch uses conventional convolutional layers to extract features from the original image, while the other branches apply non‐linear mapping layers based on wavelet transforms. These wavelet transform branches capture the multi‐scale information of the image by combining different directions and convolutional kernels and utilize a trainable custom gamma mapping layer for non‐linear modulation to enhance specific regions of the image. The feature maps processed by each branch are merged through concatenation operations and then passed through convolutional layers to output the enhanced image. Using trainable mapping functions alone to enhance details significantly reduces the reliance on convolutional layers, effectively lowering the model's parameter count to only 13k parameters. Additionally, experiments demonstrate that fixed‐directional filters network significantly improves image quality, particularly in capturing image details and enhancing image contrast.
Abstract In addressing the challenge of ships being prone to occlusion in multi‐target situations during ship target detection, leading to missed and false detections, this paper proposes an enhanced ship detection algorithm for YOLOv7‐tiny. The proposed method incorporates several key modifications. Firstly, it introduces the Convolutional Block Attention Module in the Backbone section of the original model, emphasizing position information while attending to channel features to enhance the network's ability to extract crucial information. Secondly, it replaces standard convolution with GSConv convolution in the Neck section, preserving detailed information and reducing computational load. Subsequently, the lightweight operator Content‐Aware ReAssembly of Features is employed to replace the original nearest‐neighbour interpolation, mitigating the loss of feature information during the up‐sampling process. Finally, the localization loss function, SIOU Loss, is utilized to calculate loss, expedite training convergence, and enhance detection accuracy. The research results indicate that the precision of the improved model is 91.2%, mAP@0.5 is 94.5%, and the F1‐score is 90.7%. These values are 3.7%, 5.5%, and 4.2% higher than those of the original YOLOv7‐tiny model, respectively. The improved model effectively enhances detection accuracy. Additionally, the improved model achieves an FPS of 145.4, meeting real‐time requirements.
B Gladson Selvakumar, Prem Kumar Elavarasu, V Vinodhini
et al.
Dental photography not only emerged as a valuable tool in modern dentistry, revolutionizing the way dental conditions are diagnosed and helping to formulate the treatment plan and educate the patient. By capturing high-quality images of the oral cavity, dental professionals can document and analyze dental conditions with precision. This enables them to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations and monitor the progress of dental procedures. Furthermore, dental photography serves as a communication tool between clinicians, dental laboratories, and patients. Digital dental photography is not just a tool, but an indispensable asset in modern dentistry. This review article is of 3-part series. The first part of the review article will elaborate on the applications of photography in digital dentistry.
In contrast to the widespread implementation of computer-aided diagnosis of human diseases, the limited availability of veterinary image datasets has hindered its application in animals. Additionally, while most medical imaging data are captured in clinical settings, such as optical coherence tomography and fundus photography, diagnosis based on digital camera or smartphone images can be more beneficial for pet owners. This study specifically focuses on achieving generalization between screening environments, aiming to accurately diagnose diseases using casual images obtained by pet owners, despite the majority of training images being captured with specialized equipment in hospitals. Given these challenges and the significant role of computer-aided diagnosis in veterinary science, this study aims to develop a practical deep-learning framework for classifying ocular surface disease images in companion animals. The dataset used in this study consists of diverse ocular disease images of canines and felines obtained through slit lamps and digital cameras. The proposed approach includes two layers of labels for multitask learning and a gradient reversal layer based on normalized feature maps. We achieved 84.7% and 65.4% accuracy for the total dataset of canine and feline, respectively. For the camera domain in particular, canines and felines reached 86.2% and 73.2% accuracy, respectively.
Charles F. Hayfron-Benjamin, Theresa Ruby Quartey-Papafio, Tracy Amo-Nyarko
et al.
Background: In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cardiovascular risk factors including glycemic control differentially affect various microcirculatory beds. To date, studies comparing the impact of blood pressure (BP) on various microvascular beds in T2D are limited. We assessed the associations of BP and its control with neural, renal, and retinal microvascular dysfunction. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 403 adults with T2D. Microvascular dysfunction was based on nephropathy (albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g), neuropathy (vibration perception threshold ≥ 25 V and/or Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom score > 1), and retinopathy (based on retinal photography). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of hypertension, systolic BP, and diastolic BP with microvascular dysfunction with adjustments for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking pack years, HbA1c concentration, total cholesterol concentration, and BMI. Results: The mean age (± SD), proportion of females, and proportion of hypertensives were 56.35 (± 9.91) years, 75.7%, and 49.1%, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, hypertension was significantly associated with neuropathy [odds ratio 3.44, 95% confidence interval 1.96–6.04, P < 0.001] and nephropathy [2.05 (1.09–3.85), 0.026] but not for retinopathy [0.98 (0.42–2.31), 0.970]. Increasing Z-score systolic BP was significantly associated with nephropathy [1.43 (1.05–1.97), 0.025] but not for neuropathy [1.28 (0.98–1.67), 0.075] or retinopathy [1.27 (0.84–1.91), 0.261]. Increasing Z-score diastolic BP was significantly associated with nephropathy [1.81 (1.32 – 2.49), < 0.001] but not retinopathy [1.38 (0.92–2.05), 0.120] or neuropathy [0.86 (0.67–1.10), 0.230]. Conclusion: Our study shows varying strengths of associations of hypertension, systolic BP, and diastolic BP with microvascular dysfunction in different microcirculatory beds. Hypertension prevention and/or control may be valuable in the prevention/treatment of microvascular disease, especially nephropathy, and neuropathy.
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
The relationship between painting and photography has been dynamic since its invention in 1839. Seeking its place among the arts, photography was a useful tool for many. In this way portraits were made, which before the invention of photography were the privilege of higher social strata, and their production required spending long hours in a painting studio. With the advent of photography, portraits of individuals and entire families have become much more accessible to ordinary people, and the new technique has gained immense popularity. The possibility of getting portraits from photos as a status symbol was very tempting. In order to respond to such requests from clients, photographic studios teamed up with painters to create oil portraits painted from photography made on canvas. Such portraits became a substitute for classic painted portraits, but they were created faster and were less expensive. Often portraying important historical figures, they have found their place in museum collections. In addition to documentary value, they are also important for the history of art techniques, due to the specific way of production. Despite their popularity at the time of their creation, modern analyses of oil painted portraits made from photography on canvas are rare, and have been published mostly in conservation journals. After the introduction to the techniques and materials described in the literature, the paper presents two oil portraits from a photography made on canvas: a portrait of Isaija Oluić, abbot of the Krupa Monastery, from the fund of the Dalmatian Diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church, made by Vlaho Bukovac, and a portrait of Nika Mihajlović, prominent Sombor lawyer and philanthropist, from the fund of the City Museum in Sombor, painted by Uroš Predić. The analytical approach to the identification of oil painting techniques from photography (optical analysis and the analysis of materials) was pointed out, as well as the fact that they are sensitive objects in museum collections, the protection of which should be given due attention.
Background: Cosmetic filler injection can cause a variety of eye complications; however, there is currently no good way to evaluate injury severity and prognosis. By analyzing the injury manifestations of severe ocular complications following cosmetic filler injection and their prognosis, we propose a new injury severity scale. Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients experiencing ocular complications following cosmetic filler injection were followed for 6 months to observe injury characteristics, manifestations and prognosis. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), split lamp microscopy, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus fluorescein angiography were examined at the onset and follow-up visits. Results: According to the immediate BCVA at the time of injury (with the presence or absence of brain infarction), a new injury severity scale was proposed, namely, Grades 1–4. Grade 1 (4 patients) and Grade 2 (2 patients) tended to have no atrophy of the globe. Grade 3 (12 patients) and Grade 4 (4 patients) were more likely to develop atrophy of the globe (4/12 patients and 2/4 patients, respectively) at the last follow-up. Grade 3 and Grade 4 were more likely to be complicated with ophthalmoplegia and ptosis (7/16 patients). Conclusions: The new injury severity scale we proposed can determine the prognosis of different ocular complications following cosmetic filler injection. Accordingly, we can inform injured patients regarding the possibility of phthisis bulbi and the extent of improvement of visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and stroke.
ShuLing Guo, Yong Chen, Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
et al.
Objectives This study investigated the accuracy and duration of intraoral digital photograph examination (IDPE) for evaluating oral health status and explored the feasibility of remote oral health assessment. Methods Thirty-one healthy college students underwent evaluations of oral health status via clinical examination (CE) combined with panoramic X-ray assessment at baseline, followed by IDPE 1 month later using photos taken at baseline. Methods for evaluation of gingival health included the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Plaque Index (PI). Examinations of caries status included the decayed, missing, and filled teeth and surfaces indexes (DMFT and DMFS indexes, respectively). The duration of each evaluation was also recorded. Results There were significant differences in MGI and PI between CE and IDPE. There were no significant differences in DMFT and DMFS indexes between CE and IDPE, and there were positive correlations between CE and IDPE for each of the two indexes (DMFT index: r=0.56; DMFS index: r=0.69). The IDPE duration was shorter than the CE duration. Conclusions The feasibility of caries status assessment via IDPE is promising. Digital oral health evaluation merits further clinical consideration. Trial registration Xiamen University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates, project number: 2018X0583. Registered 1 April 2018; http://cxw.xmu.edu.cn/admin/Innovation/NewInnovationDetail?id=6ce0a415-6131-496b-891a-6a1ae44e556d
The article comprises a study of the creative work of the Polish director Radosław Piwowarski, represented by his most characteristic films. The author points out the merger of stylized realism and of the nostalgic (or to be more precise – the realism stylized by means of nostalgia) as constitutive for the film style of this film artist. As a result of film analyses, the narrative structures of Piwowarski’s films appear to be memory structures, as they re-create the reality remembered by the filmmaker, who usually chooses the topos of a trip down memory lane to express his personal and subjective point of view. The film’s story becomes the image of the subjective reality, since it is a product of personal memory, consciousness and imagination. Piwowarski refers to the motif of the Valley of Childhood and Youth, vivid and active in the Polish literature and cinema, as an universum closed up in the past and lost forever, which, however, is accessible through the activity of recalling. The director, by the act of re-creation of a world personally remembered, actualizes the collective memory and therefore creates a community of memory with viewers of his films. The screen image of the past reality therefore gains double reliability – as a personal confession and as a record of the past; in consequence, we achieve the esthetical category of realism of memory.
The aim of this article is to briefly outline my own cognitive experience, characterized by knowledge transfer and aesthetic experience, which arises from making BioArt. Specifically, I do nature photography, using the micro-photography technique. In this article, I distinguish – in terms of methodology and value — between interdisciplinary research in the social sciences and the postulate of transdisciplinary research, which leads me to reject the so-called plantality model — a linguistic concept employed by G. Deleuze and F. Guattari (Rhizome). I argue for a critical approach to this line of post-humanist reflection on non-human life that is not characterized by knowledge transfer. The article includes a report on the course of my research (parts 2 and 3), and a reflection of its relevance to the philosophy of art and philosophy of culture (parts 1, 3, 3.1, 4). The report from my own research and artistic activity includes a description of the transformation of my working space, the process of acquiring new disciplinary tools and skills — an experience that I call a change of attitude — and a presentation of nature microphotography (mainly plant photography). I provide a technical commentary on the presented photographs with regard to the process of their creation (e.g. botanical and optical information related to the microscopic slides and equipment), as well as philosophical comments. The philosophical reflection includes the postulate of alterity, which, in my view, is endemic to post-humanist thought, as well as a postulate called the primacy of abstraction, which reflects the non-naturalistic, anti-illustrative, and interpretative character of artistic microphotography (in contrast to the illustrative nature of “the plantality discourse of philosophy”).
David Roberts, Andrew Valdez-Tullett, Peter Marshall
et al.
Recent geophysical surveys and excavations at Druid's Lodge Estate, in fields west of the Diamond Wood in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (SWHS), have confirmed the existence of the Winterbourne Stoke 71 long barrow and discovered a new long barrow (Winterbourne Stoke 86) a short distance to the south. Survey and excavation show internal features at both barrows and, alongside aerial photography, suggest that both monuments were destroyed during later prehistory. These barrows are part of a cluster around the head of the Wilsford dry valley. We review long barrows in the SWHS and environs to contextualise these discoveries, demonstrating a diversity of internal features, barrow sizes and morphologies. Chronological modelling is used to place the SWHS barrows in their inter-regional timescape and to understand the timings of the first appearance of monument types of the 4th millennium cal BC. Local topography appears to be the key factor in determining the alignment of long barrows, but the eastern ends of barrows appear to be significant. Long barrows are also considered in relation to causewayed enclosures, and movement around the landscape. Long barrows are an important structuring monument in the later Neolithic and Bronze Age landscape, but their importance is mediated by their location relative to Stonehenge, and access to the monument from the south. There is a clear pattern of differential preservation of long barrows away from the vicinity of Stonehenge. Further field research is necessary to achieve a better understanding of long barrows in the SWHS, and it is hoped that this article stimulates interest in these highly significant monuments. This article also provides an interactive map of the SWHS, linking to simplified plans of long barrows in the study area, additional information and references for further reading for each barrow. Appendices are provided containing specialist methodologies and/or data from the geophysical surveys and the Historic England excavation, and primary excavation data from the Historic England excavation is downloadable via the Archaeology Data Service (Historic England 2018).
The thickness of supraglacial debris cover controls how it impacts the ablation rate of underlying glacier ice, yet this quantity remains challenging to measure, particularly at glacier scales. We present a relatively straightforward, and cost-effective method to estimate debris thickness exposed above ice cliffs using simplified geometrical measurements from a high-resolution digital surface model (DSM), derived from a terrestrial photographic survey and a Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo workflow (SfM-MVS). As the ice surface relief beneath the debris cover is unknown, we assume it to be horizontal and provide error bounds based on characteristic ice-surface slope at the visible debris/ice interface. Debris thickness around the three sampled ice cliffs was highly variable (interquartile range of 0.80–2.85 m) and negatively skewed with a mean thickness of 2.08 ± 0.68 m. Manual, and high-frequency radar, determinations of debris thickness in the same area show similar thickness distributions, but statistically different mean debris thickness, due to local heterogeneity. Debris thickness values derived in this study all exceed estimates from satellite surface temperature inversions. Wider application of the method presented here would provide useful data for improving debris thickness approximations from satellite imagery.
To study the bionic discrete principle of beak, a discrete roller model was designed in this study. An orthogonal experiment was then conducted with different parameters and discrete roller levels. Discrete rate and damage rate are used as evaluation indexes, and the variance analysis method is used to analyze the influence of factors including discrete roller speed, differential roller speed and vertical clearance on the discrete effects of corn ear. The combination of parameters with superior performance is optimized as follows: 250 r/min discrete roller speed, 100 r/min differential roller speed and 47.5 mm vertical clearance. Based on the mechanical properties between corn kernels, the working process of discrete roller is analyzed by using high-speed photography. It is found that discrete roller has effective result for threshing corn ear and the damage is low. This research can provide a bionic thought for designing corn threshing system.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware
Resumen:
Este trabajo surge de la discusión sobre la identidad inestable de la fotografía, la fijación provisoria de sus sentidos y la mutación de los mismos a partir de la circulación/recepción de la imagen en diversos medios y altares populares. Las relaciones entre control y vigilancia de la imagen que muta a icono relacional se realiza a través del análisis de un caso de relevancia en Argentina: el de Isidro Velázquez, quien fuera considerado en la década de 1960 como “gaucho rebelde” o “bandido rural” por el establishment, mientras otra parte de la sociedad lo valoraba como un “Robin Hood” regional. El Nordeste argentino fue el ámbito de acción de este personaje, y el proceso de su criminalización por unos y de mitificación por otros estuvo nutrido por representaciones fotográficas en algunos casos compartidas por los distintos sectores. En este marco, debatimos sobre el carácter mimético de estas fotografías, el efecto de realidad, la imagen como prueba-verdad, como sustituto y símbolo. Las dimensiones significantes de la imagen son analizadas en relación a la inserción de las fotos en diversas prácticas discursivas e institucionales, en santuarios populares y en la producción audiovisual “Isidro Velázquez, la leyenda del último Sapucay” (2010).
Abstract:
This paper discusses the unstable identity of photography, the eventual binding and mutation of its senses when the image circulates from altar to altar, and from media to media. The relationship between control and surveillance of the image which turns into a relational icon is carried out through the analysis of a rebellious gaucho who lived during the 60s in Argentina. He was “Isidro Velázquez”, considered a “rural outlaw” by the establishment while other part of the society considered him a regional “Robin Hood”. Isidro Velázquez acted in the Northeast of Argentina. The process of becoming a criminal on the one hand and myth on the other was nurtured by photographic representations in some cases shared by the different sectors. We discuss the mimetic character of these photographs, the effect of reality, the image as proof, as a substitute and as a symbol. The significant dimensions of image are studied in relation to the insertion of these photos in institutional and discourse practices in popular contemporary sanctuaries and the audiovisual production “Isidro Velázquez, la leyenda del último Sapucay” (2010).
Palabras clave:
Fotografía; identidad; representación; recepción; Argentina
Keywords:
phtography; identity; representation; reception; Argentina
Jayakrushna Das, Indramani Nath, Rabindra Kumar Das
et al.
Aim: The study was conducted to reveal the efficacy of Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) based therapy in healing of chronic non-healing and ulcerative wound in bovine species. Materials and Methods: One 2 years old Jersey heifer affected with chronic ulcerative wound involving full thickness skin and under lying muscle at dorsal side of lumbar region since four months at the time of presentation. Bone marrow was collected from tibia, cultured and grown and after achievement of optimum confluence it was applied at the site. Different parameters of clinical, physiological, haematological, biochemical, histochemical, histological, tensile strength and photographic evaluations were done during the study period. Results: The estimated values of above mentioned parameters on zero day and after healing (18 days) showed significant difference (P<0.05) in relation to collagen content, tensile strength and physical characteristics of wound like extent of wound, size of wound, type of exudates and photography. But clinical, haematological and biochemical data showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The BM-MSCs were the main pioneers to bring the chronic ulcerative wound towards healing. The procedure is simple, safe and effective in bringing out healing without showing any adverse effect on host. [Vet World 2012; 5(12.000): 771-774]