Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Martin Bergman

Fernando R. de Moraes Barros

Resumo O propósito do presente texto é comentar a tese de doutorado A recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na obra literária de Dalcídio Jurandir - defendida por Oclécio das Chagas Lacerda, em 2022, na Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) - à luz de dois temas centrais por ela desenvolvidos: a interpretação “antropofágica” da crítica nietzschiana ao niilismo cristão e o sentido amazônico de “transvaloração” dela decorrente.

Arsenius Mikhail

Prayer texts from late antiquity and the medieval period attest to the prevalence of practices related to healing, both those promoted as official ritual and those denounced by Church authorities as competing magical practices. These healing practices often, consisted of prayers pronounced by clerics empowered for such ministry (e. g. priests and bishops) to bless substances like oil or water or to otherwise invoke divine grace for the healing of individuals. Such practices took place either in church or in a domestic setting, though in many cases were designed for individual use on a particular sick person. The present article provides texts, translations, and commentary on a group of seven such prayers related to sickness and health found in manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic Euchologion as part of a broader analysis of the manuscript tradition of the Bohairic Euchologion and the prayer practices of medieval Copts that it reflects.

Nicola Karcher, Kjetil Braut Simonsen

This special issue examines conspiracist antisemitic print culture in the Nordic countries from the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945. To contrast the universal patterns and particularities of the cases of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the issue includes two contributions analysing Spain and Britain. Together, the articles provide empirical in-depth knowledge of the character and dissemination of conspiracist antisemitism in a particular time and within a particular region. Our aim is to expand the general knowledge of conspiracism as a historical phenomenon through the prism of antisemitism. In the introduction, we present the conditions of historical antisemitism in each case study as well as the conceptual framework of this issue, focusing on terms such as conspiracism, conspiracy and conspiracy theories. We argue that antisemitism can be interpreted as a longue-durée conspiracist tradition, marked by a dialectic interaction between continuity and dynamic changes.

Gustavo Ortiz Millán

This article enquiries whether normative bioethics can be a science. The article aims to address the conditions of possibility for bioethics to be considered a science, without directly answering the question. The article focuses on two conditions that we typically associate with our common concept of science: truth and knowledge, on the one hand, and naturalization, on the other. Bioethics should be able to provide moral truths and therefore moral knowledge so that we could consider it as a science. On the other hand, the normative character of bioethics raises the question of whether it is possible to naturalize it and make it compatible with a scientific perspective. The article argues that, for normative bioethics to be considered a science, a cognitive and naturalistic stance should be taken on ethics.

Nona Bledow

This paper examines the epistemic value of non-religious mystical experiences. By taking a non-religious angle, it adds a complementary perspective to the context in which mystical experiences are generally discussed, i.e., the context of theological questions or perspectives informed by the philosophy of religion. While I am pessimistic about the possibilities of such experiences providing propositional knowledge about the external world, this discussion is largely bracketed. Instead, I focus on a different type of knowledge, arguing that what these experiences can provide is a certain type of subjective knowledge, namely experiential knowledge. I further argue that such experiences involve a feeling of concern about a very general object, something such as existence, the world, or reality as a whole. Consciously experiencing this type of feeling or emotion is rare, since it is a background emotion about a very general object relatively far removed from personal flourishing. Nevertheless, in this type of experiences, it is directly experienced. The experiential knowledge obtained through such experiences is what this general concern about existence as a whole feels like. I contend that both the insight on what this feels like as well as the feeling itself can be seen as valuable.

Friederike Frenzel

The University of Göttingen was a product of the personal union between Great Britain and the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. As such, it established a British-German connection on an institutional level. Its library and its journal, the Göttingische Anzeigen, profited immensely from new and secure circulation networks. Against the backdrop of a booming early modern publication and review market as well as the development of a German literary language, this paper focuses on Scottish influences upon Popular Philosophy in Göttingen and discusses three reviews that the Göttingen Professor of philosophy, Johann Georg Heinrich Feder, published about the works of James Beattie, Adam Ferguson and Thomas Reid. It emphasizes the connection between early modern journalistic work and eclectic philosophy, by linking linguistic translation, conceptual integration and transformation as well as academic discussions and popularisation efforts.

Mahdi Fani

از دیر زمان موضوع عدالت و بحث دربارۀ آن در میان جوامع بشری بااهمیت تلقی می‌شده است و عموم صاحب‌نظران برای تحقّق آن راهکارهایی ارائه می‌دادند. ازاین‌رو، عدالت همیشه برای انسان‌ها نوعی آرمان بوده است. از سوی دیگر، نقطۀ مقابل عدالت، بی‌عدالتی و تبعیض‌های ناروا است که غالباً همراه با ظلم و ستم و پایمال‌شدن حقوق انسان‌ها بوده است.   استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Fani M. The Role of Justice in Controlling a Global Pandemic. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(4):1-6. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i4.36463

Logan Emlet

Gerda Van Der Veer, Erica Kamphorst, Marja Cantell et al.

There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between motor skills and executive functions (EFs) in young children over the years. However, no clear picture on the relationship between both domains has emerged from these studies. We have extended previous findings by conducting a comprehensive examination of task-specific and latent relationships between a range of motor skills and EFs in preschool children. The sample consisted of 198 3- to 5-year-old children (102 boys; 51.5%). Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition. EFs were assessed with the performance-based tasks ‘Day/Night,’ ‘Hand Tapping,’ ‘Forward Corsi Block,’ ‘Forward Digit Recall,’ and ‘Conflict Task,’ and a rating-based EF measure (i.e., the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning - Preschool version). Task-specific relationships were examined using zero-order Pearson correlations. Latent factors of motor skills and EFs were examined using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine latent relationships. The results of the Pearson correlation analyses showed statistically significant albeit weak correlations between specific motor and EF items (r = 0.15 to r = 0.23). SEM showed non-significant weak relationships between a general motor factor (as a unitary latent construct) on the one hand, and performance-based EFs and rating-based EFs (as latent EF components) on the other hand. In conclusion, this study suggested only weak relationships between motor skills and EFs in preschool children with no clear differences between their task-specific and latent relationships.

А. Богачов

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Syiis Nurhadi, Rodliyah Rodliyah, Any Suryani Hamzah

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep hasil tindak pidana lain dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, hal ini karena banyaknya peluang para pelaku pencucian uang dalam melakukan aksi pencucian uang di berbagai bidang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang disimpulkan diketahui bahwa terdapat beberapa bidang yang menghasilkan harta kekayaan yang berasal dari tindak pidana lain yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 4 (empat) tahun atau lebih yaitu di bidang Desain Industri, di bidang Paten, di bidang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, di bidang Hak Cipta, di bidang Wakaf, di bidang ITE, di bidang Ketenagakerjaan, di bidang Kesehatan, di bidang Keuangan, di bidang Pertambangan, di bidang Sistem Resi Gudang, di bidang Penerbangan, dan Penggunaan Identitas Palsu.</p>

Tauseef Ahmad Parray

Pakistan, the second most populous Muslim country after Indonesia, came into existence on 14th August, 1947, after the division of ‘British ruled’ India (into India and Pakistan). From its inception to present, Pakistan covers a tumultuous history of over seven decades (1947-2019). Among the South Asian countries, no quantum of scholarship has been produced on any country—its history, religion (and religious ideology), politics, society, economy, and other inter-related issue—than Pakistan. This has continued in the last as well as present century. From 2010 onwards, numerous works have been published on religion, politics, military, and other aspects of Pakistan. This review essay, in this framework, presents an assessment of three (3) important works, published in between 2012 and 2014, so that to get clues of the various aspects of Pakistan. Following a descriptive-cum-comparative methodological approach, the books assessed and examined are: Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A New History (2012); Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (2013); and Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (2014). This assessment helps us in understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted (by different scholars) in studying Pakistan. The major argument put forth is that such an appraisal helps us not only in understanding the history of Pakistan, but in analyzing the issues and challenges Pakistan has faced, and is facing—be they religious, political, or related to military and security, etc.

Facundo Nahuel Martín

En este artículo me propongo releer el llamado “fragmento de las máquinas” de los cuadernos Grundrisse a partir de la concepción de la prótesis y la producción biodrag de subjetividades desplegada por Preciado. Mientras que la mayoría de las lecturas de Preciado en clave marxiana se centran en Testo yonqui, sostendré que leer a Marx a partir del concepto de prótesis en Manifiesto contra-sexual permite reformular la noción de “individuo social” en una clave transhumanista. Esto empuja la interpretación de Marx más allá de los marcos en que él mismo comprendió la crítica del capital. Al mismo tiempo, esta vuelta a Marx ilumina los marcos sociales comprehensivos en cuyo seno la producción tecnológica del género tiene lugar. La producción de géneros y la maquínica se articulan así de manera significativa.

Gabriela Schumacher, Lucas Garcia, Márcia Fernandes et al.

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a percepção e a compreensão de profissionais de saúde sobre violência e proteção de crianças atendidas em um hospital geral universitário. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dezoito profissionais de saúde. A abordagem relatada para as situações de violência varia desde o envolvimento até o descaso. Poucos entrevistados tiveram contato com o tema durante a sua formação profissional. A mãe foi identificada como a principal pessoa responsável pelas crianças, mas também como a principal agente de violência. Na perspectiva dos entrevistados, a criança só estará protegida se tiver uma família estruturada. A percepção e a compreensão dos profissionais em relação à violência e proteção de crianças são heterogêneas, modificando-se conforme a sua área de atuação.

Sixto Castro

En la filosofía de las artes se alude con mucha frecuencia a la vinculación entre arte y emoción, de modo especial desde las que se han denominado “teorías expresivistas”, algunas de las cuales defienden que la obra de arte encarna emociones, mientras que otras sostienen que las expresa, las suscita o las comunica. Pero la apelación a las emociones  no es necesaria ni suficiente para definir el arte. Aun así, la conexión entre ambas es lo  suficientemente importante como para ofrecer un intento de reconciliación teórica entre arte y emoción, siguiendo a Collingwood, y abriendo, al mismo tiempo, puertas a la consideración de la relación entre arte y estados de ánimo.

Mario Alberto Haller

Márcio Meirelles Gouvêa Júnior

Con la reconstrucción de los versos virgilianos según la técnica literaria de los centone, el poeta cartaginés Hosidio Gueta escribió su tragedia Medea. Sin embargo, gracias a la supervivencia y el reconocimiento del significado de los versos originales del hipotexto en el trabajo final, esta tragedia podría, por un lado, celebrar la dinastía de los emperadores Severos, de origen cartaginés, y, por otro lado, celebrar la propia ciudad de Cartago, reconstruida desde sus ruinas -al igual que Medea, extraída de la fragmentación de los versos del más importante poeta romano nacional- la Eneida.

Alasdair Heron

The article aims to investigate the Calvin’s Genevan Service Order. It focuses on the question how the Psalter Calvin shaped the worship of the Reformed Church in Geneva. The article follows the critical edition of the Genevan prayer in Calvini Opera Selecta and in the German Studienausgabe as the two main published editions of the Genevan order with its related texts. The article shows that Calvin adhered to the general line of the Swiss and Upper German Reformations. It explores the understanding of worship reflected in the Genevan Service Order and the specific significance of its musical aspect. The article illustrates why Calvin gave the psalms the place he did in Genevan Reformed worship.

İlker Gündüzöz

Türk belediyeciliğinin batıdan, özellikle Fransa'dan alındığı, bünyeye uydurulmaya çalışıldığı realitesi ret edilmemektedir. Yalnızca "Türk belediyeciliği açısından konunun milli kökleri de vardır" saptaması yapılmaktadır. Bunun böyle olması insan doğası ve toplumsal kültür mirasının gereğidir. Buradan hareketle, Türkiye'deki belediyecilik uygulamalarını milli kurumları hesaba katmayan bir analitik değerlendirme ile açıklamak eksik olacaktır.