Abstract The escalating disparities in oral health represent a pressing global health concern, particularly in the migrant population. Poor oral health and limited oral health literacy (OHL) can lead to enduring health complications such as tooth decay and obesity, significantly diminishing quality of life. Despite its crucial role in overall well-being, oral health is often disregarded during acculturation. Furthermore, individuals with a migration background may face increased risk factors for poor oral health. Identifying the barriers to optimizing the overall health of migrant populations is necessary to address this neglect. Intervention programs have emerged as a beacon of hope for reducing oral health inequalities, enhancing knowledge, and fostering preventive practices. Additionally, there are currently no validated tools available for assessing oral health literacy (OHL) in migrant populations in Norway. A thorough review of the literature is needed to address this gap. An in-depth analysis of the literature and available tools for OHL assessments in clinical settings and primary care is presented in this integrative review, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Implementing the PRISMA model, this integrative review was based on a systematic search of five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) during the winter and summer of 2024. Of the 408 articles identified, twenty-five studies, including six dental studies, addressed self-reported health, attitudes, inequalities, and system navigation influencing oral health literacy and health behavioral aspects among migrants in Norway. Methodological quality, content analysis, and inclusion criteria focused on oral health outcomes, societal factors, cultural differences, and beliefs were assessed thematically for the selected studies. Results from studies indicated positive associations between OHL and risk factors, barriers, health perceptions, and healthcare experiences within the limited studies related to OHL, particularly health inequalities and health behavior themes. Further research is needed to identify the impact of interventions, oral health literacy, and behavioral changes on migrant health during acculturation. Longer-term studies and tools for improving oral health literacy should be recommended to ensure validity and a more comprehensive understanding of the applicability and effectiveness within the Norwegian population. Improving migrants’ health outcomes requires highlighting the importance of health behavior during the acculturation process.
"Selvmord og suicidal overlevelse", dette spesialnummeret av Nordlit, undersøker fremstillinger av den menneskelige eksistensens ytterpunkter, hovedsakelig i litteratur, men også i popmusikk, en TV-serie og en grafisk roman. Hvorfor tar enkelte mennesker livet sitt mens de fleste fortsetter å leve? Hva er selvmord og suicidalitet? Hvorfor presenterer litteratur og kunst en særegen mulighet til refleksjon og tolkning over selvmords- og overlevelsesproblematikk, og et alternativ til sosiologiske, filosofiske og psykologiske tilnærminger? Hva er en selvmordsroman? Denne introduksjonen og de tolv artiklene mediterer over slike spørsmål, og hvordan de kan formidles med kreativ utfoldelse og estetisk bevissthet.
Geir Helge Kiplesund, Fjola Gudrun Sigtryggsdottir, Leif Lia
Dam failures are examples of man-made disasters that have stimulated investigation into the processes related to the failure of different dam types. Embankment dam breaching during an overtopping event is one of the major modes of failure for this dam type, comprising both earthfill and rockfill dams. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory tests on breach initiation and progression in rockfill dams. Especially eight breaching tests of 1 m-high 1:10 scale embankment dams constructed of scaled well-graded rockfill were conducted. Tests were performed with and without an impervious core and under different inflow discharges. Controlling instrumentation includes up to nine video cameras used for image analysis and photogrammetry. A previously little-used technique of dynamic 3D photogrammetry has been applied to prepare 3D models every 5 s throughout the breaching process, allowing us to track in detail breach development. These dynamic 3D models along with pressure sensor data, flow data, and side-view video are used to provide data on erosion rates throughout the breaching process. One important purpose of this research is to test methods of observing a rapidly changing morphology such as an embankment dam breach that can easily be scaled up to large-scale and prototype-scale tests. The resulting data sets are further intended for the verification of existing empirical and numerical models for slope stability and breach development as well as the development of new models.
Denne studiens mål er å utvikle et praktisk-didaktisk rammeverk for å operasjonalisere og vurdere elevers kompetanse i kritisk lesing. I læreplanen Kunnskapsløftet 2020 framheves det at elever skal kunne stille seg kritiske til informasjonen de leser. Selv om det er bred enighet om at kritisk refleksjon over tekster er viktig, er det krevende å konkretisere hva kritisk kan bety. En del av arbeidet med å sikre at elever utvikler nødvendig lesekompetanse innebærer å utvikle vurderingsverktøy. Vurdering gir ikke bare informasjon om hva elever mestrer og ikke mestrer, men kan også modellere og konkretisere ulike tilnærminger til tekster. Det har riktignok vist seg å være utfordrende å vurdere kritisk lesing, blant annet fordi begrepet er vagt og krevende å definere. I denne studien utfører vi en litteraturgjennomgang av skandinaviske studier som berører kritisk lesing i en utdanningskontekst, og fokuserer på lesing av sakprosatekster innenfor norsk og samfunnsfag. Gjennomgangen genererer en praktisk-didaktisk modell med mulige dimensjoner av kritisk lesing. I diskusjonen eksemplifiserer vi hvordan dimensjonene kan bli observerbare i vurderingssituasjoner i skolen og drøfter modellens begrensninger og praktiske nytteverdi.
English abstract
How to assess students’ critical reading? Proposal for a practice-oriented framework
The aim of this study is to develop a practice-oriented framework for operationalizing and assessing students’ critical reading. The Norwegian curricula, Kunnskapsløftet 2020, emphasize the importance of students’ adopting a critical perspective when reading. Although there is broad agreement about the importance of critical reflection in reading, it is difficult to specify what critical means. To ensure that students develop necessary reading skills, we need assessment tools. Assessment gain information about the students’ competence, in addition, the assessment may have a modeling function by concretizing textual approaches. However, it has proven to be challenging to assess critical reading, partly because the term is vague and difficult to define. We conduct a literature review of the field of critical reading in education, based on Scandinavian studies. We focus on reading of non-fiction texts in Norwegian Language Arts and Social Science. The review generates a practice-oriented model with dimensions of what critical reading can entail. In the discussion, we exemplify how the dimensions can become observable in an assessment situation. Furthermore, we discuss the model’s limitations and practical use.
Education (General), Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Denne artikkelen er opptatt av hvordan den som taler i Johann Wolfgang von Goethes «Wandrers Nachtlied II» og Rainer Maria Rilkes «Herbst» best kan forstås. Den tar sitt utgangspunkt i observasjonen av at utsigelseshandlingene i de to diktene kombinerer en retorisk funksjon med en romskapende funksjon, og at begge funksjonene deltar i diktenes organisering som kommunikativ handling på avgjørende måter. Min konklusjon er at forventningene om det følsomme lyriske jeget og den sublime naturen som vi ofte møter romantiske dikt med, motsies av måten utsigelseshandlingen er utformet på i disse to diktene som begge er forbundne med nettopp den romantiske litterære tradisjonen.
I barnelitteratur har fugler og barns forhold til natur lenge hatt en sentral plass. Premissene som ligger i bildebøker kan imidlertid ha betydning for barns forståelse for naturen og et bærekraftig samfunn. Både rammeplan en for barnehagen og læreplanverket for skolen understreker at det er viktig at barn skal bli kjent med naturens mangfold, få naturopplevelser, skape tilhørighet til og lære seg å ta vare på naturen. Det betyr at det er nødvendig å skape bevissthet om hva som legger premisser for en slik utvikling. I lys av en økokritisk tilnærming retter artikkelen oppmerksomheten mot hvilken rolle fugler er gitt i bildebøker, og hvordan forholdet mellom fugler og mennesker fremstilles i de fysiske omgivelsene. Med utgangspunkt i analyse av tolv bildebøker der fugler og barn inngår i en betydningsfull (vennskaps)relasjon, drøftes det hvilken betydning fremstillingen av fuglenes rolle i relasjonen i den fiktive handlingen kan ha å si for forståelse av natur med tanke på en bærekraftig utvikling.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
What Role Do Birds Play in Children’s Picture Books, in Light of an Ecocritical Approach?
Birds and children’s relationship to nature have long been central in children’s literature. However, the premises in picture books can have an impact on children’s understanding of nature and a sustainable society. The Norwegian curricula for both kindergartens and schools emphasize that it is important that children should become familiar with nature’s diversity, have nature experiences, create a sense of belonging to and learn to take care of nature. This means that it is necessary to create awareness of what sets the premises for such a development. In light of an ecocritical approach, this article draws attention to the role birds are given in picture books, and how the relationship between birds and humans is depicted in the physical environment. Based on the analysis of 12 picture books, in which birds and children are part of a significant (friendship) relationship, it is discussed what significance the representation of the birds’ role in the relationship in the fictional narrative can have on the understanding of nature, with a view to sustainable development.
Published in 2021 by Presa Universitară Clujeană, ”A Lifetime Dedicated to Norwegian Language and Literature” is a celebratory scholarly work compiled and edited by the members of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in honour of Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, founder of The Norwegian Language and Literature BA program (1991), of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature (2001) and disseminator of Norwegian culture, language and li-terature for over thirty years. Throughout her entire career, Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu has never ceased to raise interest in Norwegian studies, and strive to offer her students the best academic resources, a warm and welcoming learning environment and also countless scholarship opportunities. Her contribution to the popularization and the increasing fascination with the North is immeasurably valuable to the academic community, not only in Romania, but also internationally. Her colleagues and editors of this volume have carefully selected and arranged a collection of congratulatory messages and academic essays from various fields encompassed in the Scandinavian studies.
I et brev til sin forlegger, Frederik Hegel, datert Roma 21. juni 1882, kommenterer Ibsen sjangeren på En folkefiende: «det har meget af lystspillets karakter ved sig, men også en alvorlig grundtanke». I tråd med Ibsens uttalelse blir dette dramaet blir ofte lest som en politisk komedie med et alvorlig tema, samtidig som man mer eller mindre eksplisitt gir uttrykk for at det er litt uklart hva denne alvorlige grunntanken egentlig er. At det kan virke som det er noe uavklart i forholdet mellom komikk og alvor viser seg også i de divergerende og skiftende synene på protagonisten, doktor Tomas Stockmann: Er han en helt eller en antihelt? Og hvorfor denne merkelige sjangerblandingen? Hvorfor all komikken i en fase hvor Ibsen ellers skrev alvorlige skuespill? Jeg tror det har sammenheng med det jeg mener er dette dramaets nære forhold til Ibsens internasjonale gjennombruddsdrama Et dukkehjem (1879). En folkefiende (1882) kom ut rett etter Gengangere (1881) og regnes som sterkt preget av Ibsen reaksjon på den negative mottakelsen av Gengangere. Mye taler likevel for at Ibsen har begynt på En folkefiendelike etter at Et dukkehjem kom ut, og poenget i min artikkel er at det er en klar relasjon mellom En folkefiende og Et dukkehjem: Min hypotese, som jeg argumenterer for gjennom komparativ nærlesning, er at protagonisten i En folkefiende, doktor Tomas Stockmann, er utformet som en mannlig versjon av den kvinnelige protagonisten i Et dukkehjem, Nora Helmer. Det får konsekvenser for forståelsen ikke bare av En folkefiende, men også Et dukkehjem, og jeg tar også opp de fortolkningsmessige konsekvensene av dette i artikkelen.
Rosa Cheesman, Espen Moen Eilertsen, Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh
et al.
Abstract Background Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety and depression. Despite knowledge that anxiety and depression are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors, most studies do not account for shared familial genetic risk. Quantitative genetic designs provide a means of controlling for shared genetics, but rely on observed putative exposure variables, and require data from highly specific family structures. Methods The intergenerational genomic method, Relatedness Disequilibrium Regression (RDR), indexes environmental effects of parents on child traits using measured genotypes. RDR estimates how much the parent genome influences the child indirectly via the environment, over and above effects of genetic factors acting directly in the child. This ‘genetic nurture’ effect is agnostic to parent phenotype and captures unmeasured heritable parent behaviours. We applied RDR in a sample of 11,598 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) to estimate parental genetic nurture separately from direct child genetic effects on anxiety and depression symptoms at age 8. We tested for mediation of genetic nurture via maternal anxiety and depression symptoms. Results were compared to a complementary non-genomic pedigree model. Results Parental genetic nurture explained 14% of the variance in depression symptoms at age 8. Subsequent analyses suggested that maternal anxiety and depression partially mediated this effect. The genetic nurture effect was mirrored by the finding of family environmental influence in our pedigree model. In contrast, variance in anxiety symptoms was not significantly influenced by common genetic variation in children or parents, despite a moderate pedigree heritability. Conclusions Genomic methods like RDR represent new opportunities for genetically sensitive family research on complex human traits, which until now has been largely confined to adoption, twin and other pedigree designs. Our results are relevant to debates about the role of parents in the development of anxiety and depression in children, and possibly where to intervene to reduce problems.
Hilde Laholt, Lise‐Marie Bergvoll, Sunniva Solhaug Fjelldal
et al.
AbstractBackgroundNorwegian public health nurses prevent diseases and promote health in children and young people aged 0–20 and their families. Public health nursing programs prepare students for their practical role and provide relevant theoretical knowledge.ObjectivesTo gain knowledge of the literature in the Norwegian public health nursing curricula, and to examine further the nursing base in these curricula.DesignAn explorative and descriptive design was chosen.SampleReading lists based on syllabus documents from the 10 higher educational institutions in Norway offering programs in public health nursing.MeasurementsA summative content analysis and a categorization of content from reading lists were performed.ResultsNumerical information on the content and categorization of reading lists shows that social science and humanities literature dominates, followed by psychology and medicine. Nursing texts, theories and philosophy comprise only a minor part of the curricula.ConclusionThe paper provides valuable data on the theoretical focus in Norwegian public health nursing and raises important questions about the paucity of nursing texts in the curriculum. The imbalance in reading lists in Norway should be studied further and similar studies conducted in other countries to encourage reflection on the theoretical content of public health nursing education globally.
Introduction: Zoonotic Onchocerca lupi infection is a rare but emerging zoonotic disease affecting the eye, subcutaneous tissue and subdural cervical spine. Endemic areas of O. lupi are East and Central Europe, Turkey, Iran and the Northwest of the USA. Thirteen confirmed cases have been published in the world literature. Case Presentation: We present a case of subconjunctival O. lupi infection in the left eye of a Norwegian male. The infection was most likely imported from Turkey. The diagnosis was verified by direct microscopy and molecular analyses with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent sequencing. The worm did not contain microfilaria and was surgically removed. The patient was treated with tapering doses of topical steroids. At 6 months follow-up, he was asymptomatic. Conclusion: Increasing numbers of O. lupi infections are reported and it is not clear whether the increasing number of infections is true or due to availability of novel diagnostic tools that correctly identify the cases. Humans cannot eliminate their exposure to vector-borne zoonotic diseases and increasing globalization increases the risk of infection. Both physicians and laboratory staff should be aware of the existence of zoonotic onchocerciasis in their countries.
Aud Mette Myklebust, Hilde Eide, Brian Ellis
et al.
Abstract Background Implementation of the Norwegian government’s Coordination Reform (2012) aims to decentralise health care services from centralised hospitals to local communities. Radiological services in Norway are mainly organised in hospitals, because of the significant financial and human resource demands engendered by the need for advanced technological equipment, and specialised staff. Some selected conventional x-ray services have been decentralised into rural communities. The purpose of this single case study was to highlight experiences from different stakeholders’ of organising decentralised radiological services in a rural area in Norway. Methods A qualitative single case study design was adopted, collected data using focus groups with healthcare professionals and managers to obtain stakeholder’s experiences of the radiological services in this rural area. The key emergent themes from the literature, decentralisation, quality, professional roles, organisation and economic consequences were discussed with each focus group. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the primary data collected. Results Four main themes emerged from the focus groups: 1) organisation, 2) quality and safety, 3) funding of radiological services and 4) cooperation between health care professions and health care levels. It was found that the organisation of decentralised radiological services to rural areas is challenging because of the way health services are structured in Norway. The quality of service was found to be inadequate in some areas because of the superficial level of training given to non-radiographic staff. The experience is that the Norwegian funding system hinders an efficient decentralised health care service. Effective cooperation and responsibility between health care professions and levels was challenging. There needs to be improved co-working by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. Conclusions A key recommendation for the organisation of rural radiological service was the development of a satellite link with an acute hospital. Quality of the service could be improved and should be given priority. Structural change to the financial system whereby money follows patients, might also facilitate more patientcentred services across healthcare levels. Improved mutual understanding between rural radiological services and hospital specialists and managers is important for a high quality and consistent radiological service to be delivered across Norway.
The current article reports on the findings from a pilot treatment study on panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia. Consecutively referred patients were included and treated with the Bergen 4-day treatment format. Twenty-nine patients were included, primarily from unsuccessful treatment courses in the Norwegian specialist mental health care system, either ongoing or previously. Prior to treatment, only 34% were able to work but at 3-month follow-up 93% were able to do so. The proportion achieving reliable change on the panic severity measure was 76% post-treatment and 90% at follow-up. The remission rate was 72% at both assessments. These effects are significantly higher than those reported for six standard CBT studies in the literature using the same primary outcome measure (Panic Disorder Severity Scale). It is concluded that the Bergen 4-day treatment is a promising treatment approach for PD, and a randomized controlled trial is warranted.
The first Sámi newspaper, <em>Sagai Muitalæggje</em>,<em> </em>was established in 1903, and in 1906 the first Sámi was elected to the Norwegian parliament. Through these two events, the Sámi (the indigenous population of Norway) had their own voice heard and achieved political influence in the public sphere for the first time. What was the role and significance of libraries in this process? Anders Larsen, the editor of <em>Sagai Muitalæggje, </em>and his friend Isak Persen, the first Sámi elected to the Norwegian Parliament, were students at Tromsø Teaching College, the highest academic institution in Northern Norway at that time. Anders Larsen and Isak Persen (later named Saba) borrowed 167 books from the school’s library collection during their two years at the school (1896-1898). Nearly one-third of their loans were novels with a radical political and social content connected to the "modern turn" in European literature. They also borrowed a lot of historical works describing and analyzing political revolutions and transformations in Europe. I have identified and categorized Larsen’s and Persen’s book loans at the college and I discuss the relationship between their reading “profile” and their careers as authors, editor and parlamentarian.
Nina Planting Mølmann, Bjarne K. Jacobsen, Ingunn Elstad
The effects of war on the health of the population have never been systematically studied. The article explores the impact of war on the general health condition of Finnmark’s population during the war years. The indicators chosen are infant mortality and the epidemic diseases diphtheria, scabies and acute gastroenteritis. The development of the indicators in Finnmark is compared with the averages in Norway and Finnish Lapland. The findings deserve attention. The article discusses the statistical indicators and findings in a social and historical context with a range of sources. The article is a broad as well as penetrating analysis of the war’s impact on the health of the civilian population of Finnmark and on their everyday living and survival.
The novel Berge Meere und Giganten was written in 1924. I would like to focus my attention on the 7th book in the novel, whose title is Die Enteisung Grönlands (The Melting of the Polar Ice in Greenland). To begin with, I will give a short summary of what the novel is about. The project to melt Greenland's polar ice forms the culmination of a history of the whole of humanity running from the 20th century all the way until the 27th century. Using all their military and technological might, the heat of the Icelandic volcanoes is captured in solid form and transported by ship to the Arctic. With the help of a gigantic net, this heat is then unloaded on to Greenland, thus melting its ice. Greenland ‘strikes back' however, firstly by casting a magical spell. My central thesis is that Döblin`s Greenland fiction is about the destruction of the myth of Greenland and that this ultimately documents a crisis of the mythological itself.