A. Okhotnikov, A.V. Kostyukov, О.I. Sokolova
et al.
Railroad transport is the main element of economic development of Russian regions; it ensures reliable communication between industrial enterprises and raw material supply bases in Russia. Transportation of enterprise employees and freights is an integral part of the successful functioning of any industrial company. Ensuring safe conditions of train traffic is a matter of high priority for all participants in the transportation process. The article provides external and internal parameters affecting the safety of rolling stock. The impact of external factors, such as weather conditions, optical visibility, illumination, and air transparency on the operation of technical vision systems when driving a train in automatic mode have been analyzed. Taking the impact of these factors into account is necessary to limit the speed of rolling stock in the sectors of low visibility and sharp reduction of visibility range of obstacles, which is crucial to ensure safe train movement when calculating the braking curve. Such a dependence requires the introduction of correcting coefficients into algorithms of the train movement model and considering the correction when calibrating and configuring computers and devices of the technical vision system. In order to determine the internal parameters of rolling stock, an algorithm for the calculation of the coordinates of a technical object has been proposed. For a moving object, the coordinates are calculated on the orthodromic trajectory using the existing dependence between the current longitude and latitude of the object and the speed projections measurements of the rolling stock on the axis of the geographic coordinate system. The proposed options to determine the rolling stock parameters improve the quality and accuracy of determining speed and coordinates and reduce computing and hardware costs aboard a locomotive, which, in turn, affects the time of decision-making to ensure optimal control of rolling stock and prevention of accidents and emergencies.
Background Construction business is currently the second greatest source of injuries in Ethiopia after automotive accidents, with a risk of fatality that is five times higher than that of other industrial sectors. To establish measures for injury prevention, it is crucial to assess the severity of occupational injuries and identify the variables that contribute to them. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with occupational injuries among Bure Industrial Park construction workers, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 372 construction workers at Bure Industrial Park. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and work environment observation using structured checklist. In the descriptive statistic, frequencies, proportion, and mean were calculated and the results of the analysis were presented in text and tables. The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify independent factors having associations with the occurrence of occupational injury. Results The overall prevalence of occupational injuries among Bure industrial park construction workers was 39.4%, 95%C.I (34.4%-44.4%). Factors such as sex (being male) [AOR = 1.74, 95%CI (1.02–2.97)], being married [AOR = 2.79, 95%CI (1.50–5.17)], no use of personal protective equipment [AOR = 1.67, 95%CI (1.12–2.85)], no training on occupational safety [AOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.06–2.98)], and not satisfied with the job [AOR = 5.97, 95%CI (3.48–10.2)] were the factors associated with occupational injuries. Conclusion and recommendation The finding shows the public health importance of occupational injury among construction workers in the study area. Numerous factors have been linked to workplace injuries, including sex, marital status, the usage of personal protection equipment, training in occupational safety, and job satisfaction. As a result, in order to lower the rate of occupational injury, employers should prioritize offering safety training, encouraging the use of personal protective equipment while working, conducting routine workplace inspections, and ensuring that their staff members are happy at work by providing comfortable workspaces.
ABSTRACT Background: As the industrial revolution 4.0 began, technology began to grow, and company owners began to develop their use of technology and human resources. According to the 8th Sustainable Development Goal's targets concerning decent work and economic growth, it is necessary to achieve targets related to protecting workers' rights and supporting a safe working environment for all workers, including prevention of work accidents. One of the causes of work accidents is unsafe action in the food industry as PT Mandiri Java Food Semarang that can be caused by personal factors, including knowledge of occupational health and safety (OHS), motivation, and work stress. Purpose: This study analyzes the correlation between OHS knowledge, motivation, and work stress with unsafe actions experienced by production workers at PT Mandiri Java Food Semarang. Method: This type of research was descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional design using spearman correlation test. The sample of the study was all the total population of the production workers (37 people). Results: The results showed a weak correlation between OHS knowledge and unsafe action (r = -0.351). Moderate category correlation between motivation (r = -0.491) and work stress (r = 0.479) with unsafe action. Conclusion: This study concludes that OHS knowledge, motivation, and work stress are correlated factors and contribute to the occurrence of unsafe actions carried out by workers in the production sector of PT Mandiri Java Food Semarang.
In the fast growing demand of the existing scenario, safety is the first aspect. “Prevention is better than cure”. The proposed system protects against a variety of tasks, including fire accidents caused by gas leakage and surveillance protection against unauthorized entry into a specific area. The majority of working people will have no time to care for their homes due to the demands of their work. Therefore, a sophisticated companion is required. This project will have innovations in the fields of robotics while working towards a practical and obtainable solution to save lives and mitigate the risk of property damage in houses and industrial areas as well. Fire accidents restrict unauthorized entry, water level monitoring, gas leakage protection systems, and other features are added to the system.
Driving errors and violations are identified as contributing factors in most crash events. To examine the role of human factors and improve crash investigations, a systematic taxonomy of driver errors and violations (TDEV) is developed. The TDEV classifies driver errors and violations based on their occurrence during the theoretically based perception-reaction process and analyzes their contributions in safety critical events. To empirically explore errors and violations, made by drivers of instrumented vehicles, in diverse built environments, this study harnesses unique and highly detailed pre-crash sensor data collected in the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS), containing 673 crashes, 1,331 near-crashes and 7,589 baselines (no-event). Human factors are categorized into recognition errors, decision errors, performance errors, and errors due to the drivers' physical condition or their lack of contextual experience/familiarity, and intentional violations. In the NDS data, built environments (measured by roadway localities) are classified based on roadway functional classification and land uses, e.g., residential areas, school zones, and church zones. Based on the crash percentage to baseline percentage in a specific locality, interstates and open country/open residential (rural and semi-rural settings) may pose lower risks, while urban, business/industrial, and school zone locations showed higher crash risk. Human errors and violations by instrumented vehicle drivers contributed to 93% of the observed crashes, while roadway factors contributed to 17%, vehicle factors contributed in 1%, and 4% of crashes contained unknown factors. The most common human errors were recognition and decision errors, which occurred in 39% and 34% of crashes, respectively. These two error types occurred more frequently (each contributing to nearly 39% of crashes) in business or industrial land use environments (but not in dense urban localities). The findings of this study reveal continued prevalence of human factors in crashes. The distribution of driving errors and violations across different roadway environments can aid in the implementation of driver assistance systems and place-based interventions that can potentially reduce these driving errors and violations.
Takeru Umemura, Kenji Hachisuka, Satoru Saeki
et al.
Objectives: Generally, it is difficult for elderly patients with acquired brain injuries (ABI) to return to work (RTW). To assess whether elderly patients with ABI can return to their workplace, like working-age patients, we investigated medical and support records and compared the rates of RTW between the working-age and elderly groups. Methods: A prospective cohort study on RTW among inpatients with ABI was conducted. We collected the clinical data of inpatients who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery for acute treatment and participation in a health and employment support program; follow-ups were conducted after discharge. Participants with almost independent activities of daily living (ADL) were enrolled. A χ2 test was used to examine factors influencing RTW and successful RTW by groups stratified by white-collar and blue-collar occupations and hemiplegia. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the RTW proportion curves. Results: The RTW rates were 74% for the working-age group and 89% for the elderly group (χ2 test, p=0.149); age was not a significant factor. Occupation type was the only significant factor for RTW (χ2 test, p=0.014). The RTW proportion curves of both the working age and elderly groups showed early RTW, and the elderly group had a significantly higher RTW profile than the working-age group (log-rank test, p<0.039). Almost all elderly participants were engaged in white-collar or less physical jobs, to which it is easy to return. Conclusions: In participants with almost independent ADL, the elderly group had a higher RTW rate than the working-age group.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Steve O’Hern, Elias Willberg, Christoph Fink
et al.
Riding a bicycle is increasingly encouraged as a sustainable transport solution, especially in urban areas. However, safety concerns, both perceived and actual, can significantly lower the willingness to ride among the population. To support cycling planning and policy in the double task of increasing the levels of cycling while mitigating crash risk, there is a need to better understand the behaviours and attitudes of bicycle riders. In this manuscript, we study a cohort of Finnish bicycle riders through four questionnaires, the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ), Cyclist Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS), Cyclist Anger Scale (CAS), and Cyclist Aggression Expression Inventory (CAX). Our findings show low self-reported errors and violations, and high levels of knowledge regarding traffic rules among Finnish bicycle riders. Most participants report low levels of aggression, which is generally dealt with in constructive ways, while anger was most commonly a result of interactions with motor vehicles and less with other road users such as pedestrians. To further reduce the crash risk in cycling, our results point to the need for further separation between bicycle riders and motorised vehicles, and for the development of risk perception and positive behaviours among riders, particularly those engaging in risky behaviours.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Aisy Rahmania, Eka Rosanti, Ramadhan Saputra
et al.
Introduction: industrial mining activities have the highest prevalence of NIHL due to operating a heavy vehicle. Dozer is one of the heavy vehicles with a high noise level. Methods: This study was descriptive research about risk factors related to hearing loss of 28 dozer operators at PT. X. The risk factors consisted of demographic factors, working behavior (listening to music, smoking), noise levels were analyzed with hearing loss using STS. Interviews were conducted with the workers and company representatives. Hearing loss examination used an audiometric test to determine the STS of the operators with the result that positive more than 10 dB and negative at 10 dB or less. All the data is secondary. Results: noise level of all dozers exceeds the TLV (>85dB) operated for 10 hours a day and six days a week. Half of the dozer operators had STS (+) occurred at age 40 years and older, working for more than five years, not use the PPE or misused, the habit of listening to music and smoking. Conclusion: noise and demographic factors can increase the risk of hearing loss in dozer operators. The company must control by combining plywood, foam, tray, and coir material in the dozer cabin, which can reduce 31.94 dB and apply for PPE double protection.
В сучасних умовах для України забезпечення кібербезпеки є одним із пріоритетів у системі національної безпеки. За цих умов вага кіберзагроз зростає і ця тенденція в міру розвитку інформаційних технологій та їх споріднення з технологіями штучного інтелекту в найближче десятиліття посилюватиметься. Збільшення такого впливу на функціонування структур управління як національних, так і транснаціональних вимагає до формування нового безпекового формату. Між світовими центрами сили відбувається поділ сфер впливу у кіберпросторі, посилюється їх прагнення за рахунок такого поділу забезпечити реалізацію власних геополітичних інтересів.
Рівень виклику у національному сегменті кіберпростору країн-світу в цілому з кожним роком зростає як за розміром, так і за рівнем складності. Складовим сил оборони та безпеки України вкрай необхідні досвідчені експерти з хорошими навичками в тестуванні на проникнення, передачі, обміні інформацією та ситуаційною обізнаністю. При цьому важливим є досвід представників, як цивільного сектору, так і сектору оборони держави які залучались до проведення міжнародних кібернавчань у складі команди.
В цій ситуації, в рамках міжнародного співробітництва, українським експертам з кібербезпеки задля досягнення оперативної сумісності є вкрай важливим спрямувати свої практичні навички щодо захисту національних ІТ-систем та критичної інфраструктури від атак у реальному часі.
Так, покращення навичок національних кібергруп швидкого реагування потрібно зосередити на: обміні інформацією про кібератаки та кіберінциденти, проведенні спільних кібероперацій та розслідуваннях міжнародних кіберзлочинів, регулярних спільних кібернавчаннях та тренінгах, обміні досвідом та найкращими практиками із відповідними підрозділами держав – членів НАТО.
Практична спрямованість у тісній співпраці представників експертних груп у сфері кіберзахисту на одній платформі в режимі реального часу – це унікальна можливість для національних кіберзахисників практикувати захист національних ІТ-систем та критичної інфраструктури під тиском серйозної кібератаки.
At 15:48 on 24 July 2021, a fire accident occurred in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China, resulting in 15 deaths and 25 injuries. After the accident happened, Jilin Province comprehensively organised an emergency rescue, saving more than 100 trapped people. Given the dangers posed by these events, it is recommended that we must strengthen our risk awareness. Combined with the general background and scene of the fire, in this study, we analysed the causes of the accident and described the on-site rescue actions. The direct cause of the accident was an arc fault, and the indirect cause was the dereliction of duty in the laying and installation of the circuit and the subsequent fire supervision. From our case analysis of electrical fires in public buildings, we found that electrical failure, human factors (illegal operation), ageing and short circuits of wires, poor contact of wires, and ignition of other combustibles by electrical appliances are the main factors causing electrical fire accidents in public buildings. To avoid serious fire accidents caused by arc faults, we proposed suggestions to reduce or prevent electric fire accidents caused by arc faults.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
У статті розглядається метод обґрунтування складу системи кадрових органів ЗС України, який базується на математичній моделі системи кадрових органів, що представлена як мережа масового обслуговування та передбачає вирішення задачі знаходження раціональної чисельності кадрових органів, які задовольняють різним критеріям функціонування системи кадрових органів ЗС України. Проведений вибір показників функціонування системи кадрових органів ЗС України для знаходження таких значень чисельності персоналу кадрових органів, які максимально збільшують кількість кадрових завдань, що ними виконуються.
В статті представлено алгоритм знаходження раціонального складу системи кадрових органів ЗС України.
Метод обґрунтування складу системи кадрових органів застосовується, виходячи з очікуваної інтенсивності надходження людського ресурсу до відповідних угруповань військ за результатами моделювання змін основних характеристик системи кадрових органів від чисельності кадрових органів та очікуваної інтенсивності кадрових завдань.
Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a collection of symptoms in the human skeletal and muscular systems, which are characterized by discomfort or pain. The International Labor Organization (ILO) stated that MSDs are the most common health problem among office workers in 27 countries under the European Union. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for MSDs among office workers. Method: This study used the literature review method by accessing an online database using different keywords, namely risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and office workers. Subsequently, 939, 1,421, and 243 articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed.Gov, respectively, with a total of 2,603. The inclusion criteria include papers published between 2011 and 2021, relevant titles and abstracts, primary study with a cross-sectional design, as well as full-text availability. Incomplete articles that are irrelevant to the topic were then excluded, after which a total of eight were selected for analysis. Result: Based on selected articles known that the risk factors for MSDs include age, gender, knowledge of ergonomics, work posture, work facilities, duration of work, physical activity, and psychosocial factors in the workplace. Conclusion: The significant risk factors for MSDs include increasing age, female gender, increased work duration, poor knowledge of ergonomics, wrong work posture, non-ergonomic support facilities, lack of physical activity, as well as poor psychosocial conditions in the workplace.
Today’s modern society offers many new opportunities, but also many risks. Even modernization of companies cannot completely eliminate these dangers. In the smart industry, despite significant technological progress, it is necessary to work with various raw materials, including hazardous substances. It is these raw materials that will continue to pose risks in the future for industrial accidents, which cannot be ruled out. The possible release of hazardous substances can potentially have a negative impact on the environment and safety of the population. In order to deal with certain emergencies, it is necessary to allocate a large amount of funds and resources to them. The paper focuses on risk prevention in industry and the use of modern and new approaches. Specifically, it focuses on the implementation of the prevention of leakage of hazardous substances in the gaseous state from industrial facilities. The aim of the paper is to present a new approach to the prevention of leakage of hazardous substances, which provides more realistic calculations for modeling leaks and thus helps to reduce the cost of prevention. However, security in crisis management is not diminished. ALOHA CAMEO software was used for leak modeling, which the authors commonly use in practical applications and modeling in industrial enterprises in the performance of duties in the field of civil protection and crisis management. ALOHA software is used for such modeling, serving as a support tool for modeling for all crisis managers in Industry 4.0. This paper deals with the modeling of dispersion of hazardous substances with specific properties escaping from technological equipment located inside a building. This concerns the inability of the current dispersion model software to prevent the spread of the next leak inside the building containing the substance. A solution is needed to fix this problem. This issue is well illustrated by a specific example at the end of this article. The mentioned improvement of tools for simulation of industrial accidents influences the possibilities of development also in Industry 4.0. It enables more effective preparation for the management of possible accidents with regard to the appropriate spending of funds for prevention and subsequent response.
The accidental leakage of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals from enterprises poses great risks to resident health, social instability, and ecological safety. During 2005-2018, heavy metal mixed pollution accidents comprised approximately 33% of the major environmental ones in China. A Bayesian Networks-based probabilistic approach is developed to quantitatively predict ecological and human health risks for heavy metal mixed pollution accidents at the watershed scale. To estimate the probability distributions of joint ecological exposure once a heavy metal mixed pollution accident occurs, a Copula-based joint exposure calculation method, comprised of a hydro-dynamic model, emergent heavy metal pollution transport model, and the Copula functions, is embedded. This approach was applied to the risk assessment of acute Cr6+-Hg2+ mixed pollution accidents at 76 electroplating enterprises in 24 risk sub-watersheds of the Dongjiang River downstream watershed. The results indicated that nine sub-watersheds created high ecological risks, while only five created high human health risks. In addition, the ecological and human health risk levels were highest in the tributary (the Xizhijiang River), while the ecological risk was more critical in the river network, and the human health risk was more serious in the mainstream of the Dongjiang River. The quantitative risk assessment provides a substantial support to incident prevention and control, risk management, as well as regulatory decision making for electroplating enterprises.