Hasil untuk "Industrial psychology"

Madhurima Dhar, Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik, Jayaprakash Russell Ravan et al.

Antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction affects 37–63% of patients, contributing to reduced life expectancy in serious mental illness. Aripiprazole demonstrates a differential effect being weight-neutral in monotherapy but producing substantial weight reduction when combined with clozapine. This is a narrative review of clinical studies examining aripiprazole’s metabolic effects across different treatment contexts, focusing on monotherapy versus adjunctive therapy combinations. Monotherapy studies consistently demonstrate aripiprazole’s weight-neutral profile. However, adjunctive aripiprazole with clozapine produces dramatic weight reduction. Meta-analysis data support adjunctive aripiprazole producing –2.13 kg weight reduction, though effects appear specific to clozapine combinations. This counterintuitive finding may result from aripiprazole’s complex receptor interactions addressing clozapine’s high-affinity H1 and 5-HT2C receptor blockade, restoring metabolic homeostasis while preserving antipsychotic efficacy. Thus, aripiprazole combination transforms clozapine into a more viable long-term treatment by preserving superior antipsychotic efficacy while reversing metabolic dysfunction. Current evidence supports this as standard care for clozapine-treated patients with metabolic complications.

Iqra Rasheed Shah, Rouf Ahmad Mir, Sukrita Sharma et al.

Background: Prolonged QTc intervals, psychiatric medications, and associated risks such as sudden cardiac deaths and their cardiovascular safety profile are still being studied globally, given the revolution brought by them in the field of psychiatry. Aim: To study the cardiac safety profile of psychotropics in terms of QTc prolongation and establish the safety of psychotropics as a group. Materials and Methods: In this study, 121 subjects receiving psychotropic medications were included. ECG of all the patients was performed and followed up to 4 weeks. Results: The control group showed no difference at any of the three-time intervals, with the mean QTc interval at baseline being 391.3 + 49.70, at one week being 391.3 + 49.70 and at four weeks being 391.3 + 49.70. In contrast, the mean QTc interval for the patients’ group was 352.9 + 64.68 at baseline, 353.3 + 649.70 at one week, and 354.4 + 64.82 after four weeks. The difference was found to be substantial (P < 0.001) but negligible (P = 0.078) when the baseline QTc interval was examined for one week. The point that needs to be highlighted here is that significant QTc changes after 4 weeks of starting some psychotropics were noted. However, the number of patients leading to QTc prolongation, i.e. QTc >470 mm/sec in females and >440 mm/sec in males, were, in fact, negligible (3 in number). Conclusion: Based on the prescribed doses of the medications and any Torsade de pointes (TdP) risk factors, those taking psychiatric medications should have a personalized cardiac monitoring routine. Overall, psychotropics have emerged as a safe option for treating psychiatric illnesses. They do impact the QTc interval, but the number of cases presenting with arrhythmia and other life-threatening cardiac side effects are very few that too if monitored, these risks can be avoided.

Qian Zhang, JiaLe Ruan, DingYong Xiong

BackgroundPrevious research has documented a relationship between prosocial video games and prosocial behaviors. However, there has been much less evidence on the potential effects of real-life prosocial games. Theoretically, games in which characters cooperate and help each other in nonviolent ways should increase prosocial behavior.ObjectiveIn this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of competitive and cooperative games on sharing behavior.MethodsThe study sample were 120 children (Mage = 4.73 years, SD = 0.49) from two kindergartens in China. Participants were randomly assigned to play the same game for 15 minutes in either a cooperative or competitive setting. Then their sharing behaviors were measured. A 2(Setting) × 2 (Gender) Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed, controlling for age.ResultsResults indicated that playing a cooperative game (versus competitive game) increased sharing behavior. In addition, we observed a Setting × Gender interaction. Basically, boys’ sharing attitudes and behaviors were unaffected by the Setting manipulation, whereas girls’ were affected. Similarly, the competitive setting increased girls’ sharing attitudes and behaviors, whereas the boys’ was relatively unaffected. Precisely, girls reported more sharing behavior than boys in competitive gaming condition.ConclusionFindings of this study suggest that educational practitioners can utilize a cooperative game (versus competitive game) as an effective way to develop sharing behavior among kindergarten children. Boys should be a target group for sharing behavior development, especially in a competitive game setting.

Sushree Sahu, Triptish Bhatia, Ram Pratap Beniwal et al.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, affecting certain health measures. Precautionary hygiene measures of hand washing, mask-wearing, and social distancing were advocated and disseminated to the public through different government machinery. Aim: The current study explored if government messaging had an impact on the knowledge of COVID-19 and the necessary precautionary behaviors in three groups: persons with past suicide attempts (PSA), persons with schizophrenia (SZ), and the general population during the first lockdown (March to May 2020). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional 22-item questionnaire was designed to assess “precautionary knowledge,” “precautionary behaviors,” “living circumstances,” and “tobacco and alcohol consumption” before and during the first Indian lockdown. PSA and SZ were contacted telephonically, while for the general population, the survey was adapted into Google Forms and circulated as a WhatsApp link. Inclusion criteria were both genders, 18-65 years, and Indians residing in India. Results: No differences among PSA, SZ, and the general population were reported in the knowledge for the lockdown and behavior for “hand washing,” “mask-wearing,” and “frequency of going outdoors.” Almost 15% of the general population moved back home during the lockdown. A significantly higher frequency of alcohol consumption was reported by the general population both before and during the lockdown compared with PSA and SZ. Conclusion: Appropriate COVID-19 knowledge and behavior were seen in PSA, SZ, and the general population. Thus, government-mandated behaviors for COVID-19 were adhered to by all three groups. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the government’s health messaging among people with severe mental illnesses in times of a novel worldwide health crisis.

Blessing Chabaya, Cookie M. Govender, Herbert Kanengoni

Orientation: The study was conducted in two higher education institutions that underwent insourcing and harmonisation of conditions of employment for support services. Research purpose: This study aims to determine how harmonisation shapes outcomes among support service labour in selected higher education institutions and to develop a management framework to harmonise conditions of employment following insourcing. Motivation for the study: The study capitalises on organisational complexities in higher education institutions that experienced insourcing of support services employees to address concerns assumed to be premised on historical exclusionary and exploitative employment practices. The study documents the experience and perceptions of institutional stakeholders in creating new knowledge on harmonisation following insourcing. Research approach/design and method: Employing a qualitative approach, 16 interviews were conducted with selected multi-level management and personnel directly involved in a harmonisation. Main findings: The study found tangible and intangible aspects, processes and other psychological perspectives on implementing harmonisation across employment levels. Furthermore, it was found that an efficient and effective harmonisation framework is required. Effective harmonisation for inclusion was viewed as being compromised by factors such as government intervention, and a lack of policy, framework and legislation to guide the process. Practical/managerial implications: Practical recommendations are provided for implementing harmonisation strategies following insourcing across employment levels in South African higher education institutions. Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to novel theory on harmonisation after insourcing and provides a management framework for harmonisation of conditions of employment.

Winda Maharani, Devie Yundianto

Infidelity in relationships is increasingly common in marriage and dating relationships. Its strong effect on mental health makes this topic worthy of further research, especially in perceptions of dating infidelity relationships. Perceptions of dating infidelity have three dimensions: ambiguous, deceptive, and explicit infidelity. This study uses a quantitative design with a total of 77 women and using convenience sampling. We analyzed using simple regression analysis. Data collection used The Forgiveness Scale and Perception of Dating Infidelity Scale. The results of this study indicate a significant negative effect between the perception of dating infidelity and forgiveness behavior in the women population who are victims of infidelity value F(1,75) = 5,114, p= 0.027, adj. R2= 0.051, and regression coefficient (β=-0,091). Ambiguous behavior F(1,75) = 4,582, p= 0.036, adj. R2= 0.045, and regression coefficient (β=-0,077) and deceptive behavior F(1,75) = 4,035, p= 0.048, adj. R2= 0.038, and regression coefficient (β=-0,054) dimensions have a significant relationship with forgiveness. Whereas explicit behavior is not significant F(1,75) = 1,425, p= 0.236, adj. R2= 0.006, and regression coefficient (β=-0,028). This research is an initial study on the perception of dating infidelity in Indonesia. It can be expected to be helpful as a study material in designing educational activities such as preventing infidelity in marriage preparation.

Neka Erlyani, Yunisa Saphira, Veronica L. Hartono et al.

Orientation: Institutions Higher education institutions (HEIs) Indonesia face challenges from the Society 5.0 era, requiring governance changes to enhance autonomy and improve services. The initial step in implementing this change is to prepare the front-line staff, especially those who are not involved in academic roles. It is crucial to effectively communicate the change message and build trust within the organisation. These actions will greatly contribute to making them more open and receptive towards the forthcoming changes. Research purpose: This study examines how organisational trust and communication climate affect non-academic staff readiness for change in higher education governance. Motivation for the study: This study was motivated by a recent government policy in Indonesia that mandates organisational change in HEIs. Research approach/design and method: Conducted at a university in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the study used multiple linear regression to analyse the influence of organisational trust and communication climate on staff readiness for change. Main findings: Both variables significantly influence readiness for change. Key factors for achieving success in readiness for change are establishing trust, effectively communicating the message and ensuring their active participation in the process. Practical/managerial implications: This study enhances understanding of readiness for change in higher education governance by incorporating communication climate and organisational trust, thus building upon the findings of a previous study. Contribution/value-add: This study suggests that HEIs undergoing governance change can benefit from promoting two-way communication and cultivating trust among non-academic staff to ensure widespread acceptance and support for the change process.

Sharda Singh, Shalini Singhal, Lokesh Singh et al.

Background: Adaptive behavior plays a crucial role in daily functioning, involving a complex interplay between individuals and their environment. In India, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) has been the preferred assessment tool for measuring adaptive behaviors, despite its age of over 85 years. However, periodic evaluation is necessary to ensure its continued relevance. Aim: This study aims to critically evaluate selected items of the Indian version of the VSMS. Materials and Methods: A survey form was developed through a focus group discussion (FGD), comprising 20 items from the Indian adaptation of the VSMS. The form was converted into a Google Form and distributed to medical and rehabilitation specialists across India. The responses were collected, recorded, and analyzed in an Excel sheet. Results: Of the 107 responses received, 14 were incomplete and excluded, leaving 93 complete for analysis. The analysis revealed that less than half of the surveyed items and domains received ratings of disagreement from over a quarter of the respondents concerning their frequency, relevance, and diagnostic value. Conclusion: This study underscores the need for a dynamic approach to defining and assessing adaptive behavior, especially in the Indian context. It highlights the importance of revising existing scales, incorporating technology-related items, and considering societal and cultural norms shifts. While acknowledging its limitations, this research sets the stage for future investigations to gain a more nuanced understanding of adaptive behaviors amidst changing societal dynamics. Ultimately, these efforts aim to develop more comprehensive and relevant assessment tools for adaptive behavior in today's rapidly evolving world.

Manisha Jha, Vibha Sharma, Aldrin Anthony

Background: Investigating the core component of social cognition, known as the theory of mind (ToM), becomes imperative in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as they may present with social cognitive deficit-related disability interfering with patients' functional and behavioral status. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of the ToM in patients with traumatic brain injury (PtTBI). Settings and Design: Thirty PtTBI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed on a set of tasks. Methods and Material: The assessment included ToM tasks (cognitive and affective, verbal and nonverbal, and first-order and second-order) along with various neuropsychological (NP) assessments to explore their memory, executive functioning, and intelligence. Further, TBI participants also underwent behavioral and functional outcome measures using the Functional Status Examination (FSE) and the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS). Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Results: Findings confirmed ToM deficit across all modes of ToM tasks in PtTBI and implicated the role of executive function and working memory in the expression of ToM in this group. While cognitive faux pas (FPC) and first-order false belief together could explain poor performance on NBRS, the nonverbal ToM task predicts functional outcome in PtTBI. Conclusions: These findings have practical implications as they promote cognitive remediation intervention focused on restoring ToM, which may improve functional limitations and resulting disability in PtTBI.

Joelle Girgis, Mattea Powell, Birsen Donmez et al.

Introduction: Drivers turning at urban intersections pose a high risk to Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), such as cyclists and pedestrians. In vehicle collisions with VRUs, driver attention misallocation is considered a leading contributor. While previous naturalistic studies have examined driver gaze behaviors at intersections, findings are limited to general gaze directions obtained through video analysis, meaning specific areas to which drivers attend cannot be determined. Method: We present a secondary analysis of an on-road instrumented vehicle dataset collected in 2019 which offers eye-tracking and video data from 26 experienced drivers (13 cyclists and 13 non-cyclists). Three coders jointly examined eye-tracking footage from four right-signalized turns (n = 96) to quantify drivers’ glance distributions to various areas of interest, including those most relevant to VRU safety when drivers turn. Individual temporal glance patterns and general attention allocation trends are presented and described. Results: (1) Relevant pedestrians were the top objects of glance irrespective of signal status, and (2) at red light turns, driver attention was heavily skewed toward leftward traffic. Conclusions: This analysis provides a detailed report of driver glance distributions toward scene-specific areas (as opposed to general directions) at urban intersections and discusses how these patterns may influence VRU safety. Practical applications: This study provides important information regarding the human factors challenges of vehicle-VRU collisions and their prevention.

Jyoti Prakash, Suprakash Chaudhury, Kaushik Chatterjee et al.

Della Tri Damayamti, Ahmad Saifuddin

This study aimed to determine the correlation between gratitude and social comparison with body image in adolescents. This research used a quantitative approach with the correlation study involving 136 students of the Online Marketing and Business Expertise Program at SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta, female students aged 15-18 years. Data were collected using a measuring instrument for gratitude using the concept of Al Ghazali, a measuring instrument for social comparison using the theory of Jones, and a measuring instrument for body image using the theory of Cash & Pruzinsky. This study used content validity by involving seven experts or raters. The results showed that gratitude had a reliability coefficient of 0.917, the social comparison had a reliability coefficient of 0.913, and body image had a reliability coefficient of 0.883. Based on hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis, the results showed that gratitude and social comparison simultaneously had a significant correlation with body image, with a correlation coefficient of 0.192 and a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Then partially, gratitude had a positive correlation with body image, with a correlation coefficient of 0.425 with a significance value of 0.001 (p <0.05). Meanwhile, the social comparison had no correlation with body image because it had a correlation coefficient of -0.342 with a significance value of 0.178 (p>0.05).

Zborowska A, Gurowiec PJ, Młynarska A et al.

Agnieszka Zborowska,1 Piotr Jerzy Gurowiec,2 Agnieszka M&lstrok;ynarska,3,4 Izabella Uchmanowicz1,5 1Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland; 3Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 4Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland; 5Centre for Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Izabella UchmanowiczDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, Wroclaw, 51-618, PolandTel +48 71 784 18 05Fax +48 71 345 93 24Email izabella.uchmanowicz@umed.wroc.plPurpose: Everyday nursing practice under demanding conditions, high mental and physical strain may result in occupational burnout. There is still a need for studies on the comprehensive identification of burnout among nursing staff. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting occupational burnout among nurses, including job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and dispositional optimism.Methods: The study involved 625 survey participants with a mean age of 49.47 years and was conducted between January and December 2018. The inclusion criteria were job experience > 1 year, current nurse work activity, and written informed consent to participate in the study. The study used standardized research tools such as Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Life Orientation Test-Revised version (LOT-R), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Satisfaction with Job Scale (SWJS). Also, sociodemographic data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire. The STROBE guidelines were followed.Results: Emotional exhaustion (EE) was significantly greater in respondents with medium life satisfaction (SWLS). Also, EE was significantly greater in pessimists and those with a neutral orientation than in optimists (LOT-R). Housing conditions and family-related problems were significant factors differentiating depersonalization (DEP). Reduced personal accomplishment (PA) was more significant in respondents with a bachelor’s degree than in those with a master’s degree. Also, decreased PA was significantly greater in respondents with low life satisfaction than those with medium life satisfaction. Life satisfaction and life orientation were significant factors differentiating job dissatisfaction among the health-related and psychological variables.Conclusion: Burnout was found to be related to individual, interpersonal and organizational feelings. There was an interrelationship between personality traits, where a higher level of occupational burnout was found among nurses with a pessimist attitude. Health programs should be implemented to identify and eliminate burnout through mental health support, improved communication skills, optimized teamwork, and evidence-based interventions.Keywords: occupational burnout, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, dispositional optimism, nurses

Wang Y, Han M

Yujie Wang, Minghua Han Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Minghua HanBusiness School, Ningbo University, No. 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +86 18968296962Email hanminghua@nbu.edu.cnAbstract: The integration and development of next-generation information technology and manufacturing technology have made intelligent transformation an important driving force for the upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Based on the perspective of technological change, this article sorts out the evolution process of technological change and the intelligent development of manufacturing enterprises from the business level and the management level, respectively. On this basis, it analyzes the formation path of organizational-based psychological ownership in the context of change in detail. Furthermore, the influence and mechanism of the psychological ownership dimension of different organizations on the individual level and the organizational level of the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises are analyzed.Keywords: technological change, psychological ownership, intelligence, influence mechanism

Annemarie Lodder, Chris Papadopoulos, Gurch Randhawa

Background: Parents and carers of autistic children report poor mental health. Autism stigma is a strong contributing factor to poor parental mental health, yet there are currently no interventions available that are evidenced to improve parents' mental health in part through increasing resilience to stigma. Childcare and travel are well known barriers to attendance and attrition rates for this population are high. Methods: A blended format psychosocial group support intervention was developed with the aim to improve parental mental health. Three sessions were delivered face to face, and five sessions via videoconference. A secret Facebook group was set up to support the intervention and increase retention rates. Mixed methods were used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this mode of delivery for both the facilitator and service users. Attendance rates, fidelity and implementation issues are discussed. A qualitative focus group was conducted (n = 9) to explore the acceptability to the participants. Framework analysis was used to analyse the findings. Results: Attendance rates were high with the online sessions having significantly higher attendance rates than the face to face sessions. The findings of the qualitative evaluation suggest that participants are positive about videoconferencing for a group support intervention. The facilitator reported sound quality, background distractions and late arrivals as challenges; the participants on the other hand, reported that the benefits far outweighed the negatives. Suggestions for improvement are made. Conclusions: The results suggest that videoconference is a well-received method to provide a group support intervention to parents. Only preliminary conclusions can be drawn, owing to the small sample size.

Victoria A.M. Owens, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, Luke H. Schneider et al.

Health anxiety is associated with significant personal distress and economic cost; as such, widely available and effective treatment options are crucial. Several studies suggest that Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) programs that specifically target health anxiety are efficacious for this condition. However, no known studies have examined the impact of transdiagnostic ICBT, which emphasizes the acquisition of broad coping skills applicable to a variety of mental health concerns, on symptoms of health anxiety. The current study sought to explore changes in health anxiety symptoms by utilizing data available from a previously published study of 8-week transdiagnostic ICBT. Specifically, changes in symptoms of health anxiety in response to a transdiagnostic ICBT program that targeted broad symptoms of depression and anxiety, were examined in a subsample of individuals who endorsed elevated symptom scores on the Short Health Anxiety Inventory at pre-treatment (n = 72). Following treatment, large reductions in health anxiety symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.91; 20% improvement), depression (Cohen's d = 0.85; reduction = 38%), generalized anxiety (Cohen's d = 1.21; reduction = 42%), and disability (Cohen's d = 0.90; reduction = 35%) were reported. Furthermore, results showed that transdiagnostic ICBT was rated as acceptable to people with high health anxiety symptoms. Despite elevated pre-treatment health anxiety scores, email correspondence between clients and their therapist revealed very few mentions of health anxiety. These findings provide preliminary evidence for transdiagnostic ICBT for symptoms of health anxiety and suggest further research is warranted. Keywords: Health anxiety, Internet-delivered, Transdiagnostic, Cognitive behavior therapy

Marina Nützi, B. Trezzini, L. Medici et al.

D. L. Ferris, Russell E. Johnson, C. Sedikides

The Self at Work brings researchers in industrial and organizational psychology and organizational behavior together with researchers in social and personality psychology to explore how the self impacts the workplace. Covering topics such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-control, power, and identification, each chapter examines how research on the self informs and furthers understanding of organizational topics such as employee engagement, feedback-seeking, and leadership. With their combined expertise, the chapter authors consider how research on the self has influenced management research and practice (and vice-versa), limitations of applying social psychology research in the organizational realm, and future directions for organizational research on the self. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, and professionals who are interested in how research on the self can inform industrial/organizational psychology.

Enrica N. Ruggs, M. Hebl, V. C. Rabelo et al.

O. Galle, W. Gove, McPherson Jm