Hasil untuk "History of Great Britain"

Jemima Parker

The paper argues that the decline of the figure of the worker within British politics following upon the Miners’ Strike of 1984-85 can be profitably viewed in relation to a concomitant renewed emphasis on immigration and the figure of the migrant in political discourse through the replacement of the post-war social democratic consensus with a narrowly inscribed vision of the nation.

Juan R. Loaiza, Miguel González-Duque

Data-driven approaches to philosophy have emerged as a valuable tool for studying the history of the discipline. However, most studies in this area have focused on a limited number of journals from specific regions and subfields. We expand the scope of this research by applying dynamic topic modelling techniques to explore the history of philosophy in Colombia and Latin America. Our study examines the Colombian philosophy journal Ideas y Valores, founded in 1951 and currently one of the most influential academic philosophy journals in the region. By analyzing the evolution of topics across the journal's history, we identify various trends and specific dynamics in philosophical discourse within the Colombian and Latin American context. Our findings reveal that the most prominent topics are value theory (including ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics), epistemology, and the philosophy of science. We also trace the evolution of articles focusing on the historical and interpretive aspects of philosophical texts, and we note a notable emphasis on German philosophers such as Kant, Husserl, and Hegel on various topics throughout the journal's lifetime. Additionally, we investigate whether articles with a historical focus have decreased over time due to editorial pressures. Our analysis suggests no significant decline in such articles. Finally, we propose ideas for extending this research to other Latin American journals and suggest improvements for natural language processing workflows in non-English languages.

Mark Drakeford

Xiang Li, Ge Wu, Lingfeng Yang et al.

New knowledge originates from the old. The various types of elements, deposited in the training history, are a large amount of wealth for improving learning deep models. In this survey, we comprehensively review and summarize the topic--``Historical Learning: Learning Models with Learning History'', which learns better neural models with the help of their learning history during its optimization, from three detailed aspects: Historical Type (what), Functional Part (where) and Storage Form (how). To our best knowledge, it is the first survey that systematically studies the methodologies which make use of various historical statistics when training deep neural networks. The discussions with related topics like recurrent/memory networks, ensemble learning, and reinforcement learning are demonstrated. We also expose future challenges of this topic and encourage the community to pay attention to the think of historical learning principles when designing algorithms. The paper list related to historical learning is available at \url{https://github.com/Martinser/Awesome-Historical-Learning.}

Zeerak Talat, Anne Lauscher

Machine learning and NLP require the construction of datasets to train and fine-tune models. In this context, previous work has demonstrated the sensitivity of these data sets. For instance, potential societal biases in this data are likely to be encoded and to be amplified in the models we deploy. In this work, we draw from developments in the field of history and take a novel perspective on these problems: considering datasets and models through the lens of historical fiction surfaces their political nature, and affords re-configuring how we view the past, such that marginalized discourses are surfaced. Building on such insights, we argue that contemporary methods for machine learning are prejudiced towards dominant and hegemonic histories. Employing the example of neopronouns, we show that by surfacing marginalized histories within contemporary conditions, we can create models that better represent the lived realities of traditionally marginalized and excluded communities.

M. Mittag, K. -P. Schröder, V. Perdelwitz et al.

The so-called great dimming event of alpha Ori in late 2019 and early 2020 sparked our interest in the behaviour of chromospheric activity during this period. To study the timeline of chromospheric activity, we derive a S_MWO time series of TIGRE and Mount Wilson values, and we compare this long time series with photometric data from the AAVSO database. In addition, we determine the absolute and normalised excess flux of the Ca II H&K lines. To do so, we estimate the changing effective temperature from TIGRE spectra and find a clear drop of about 80 K between November 2019 and February 2020, which coincides with the minimum of visual brightness. During the same period, the S-index increased significantly, yet this is a mere contrast effect, because the normalised excess flux of the Ca II H&K lines did not change significantly. However, the latter dropped immediately after this episode. Comparing the combined S_MWO values and visual magnitude time series, we find a similar increase in the S-index during another noticeable decrease in the visual magnitude of alpha Ori, which took place in 1984 and 1985. To also probe the dynamics of the upper photosphere, we analysed the lines in 6251-6263 A and found core distance varies which shows a relation with the great dimming event. This type of variation could be caused by rising and sinking cool plumes as a temporary spill-over of convection on alpha Ori. Based on our study, we conclude that the cause for the great dimming is located in the photosphere. Furthermore, the long-term spectroscopic and photometric time series suggests that this great dimming does not appear to be a unique phenomenon, but rather that such dimmings do occur more frequently, which motivates further monitoring of alpha Ori with facilities such as TIGRE.

Niels Lubbes

We classify the topological types of surfaces in the 3-dimensional unit sphere that contain both a great and a small circle through each point. In particular, these surfaces are homeomorphic to one of five normal forms and are either the pointwise product of circles in the unit quaternions or contain five concurrent circles. We classify the real singular loci of such surfaces and characterize how circles in the surface meet the self-intersection locus.

Masataka Fukugita, Masahiro Kawasaki

We show that the star formation history, the reionization history and the present luminosity function of galaxies are reproduced in a simple gravitational collapse model within the $Λ$CDM regime to almost a quantitative accuracy, when the physical conditions, the Jeans criterion and the cooling process, are taken into account. Taking a reasonable set of the model parameters, the reionisation takes place sharply at around redshift $1+z\simeq 7.5$, and the resulting luminosity function turns off at $L\simeq 10^{10.7}L_\odot$, showing the consistency between the star formation history and the reionisation of the Universe. The model gives the total amount of stars $Ω_\mathrm{star}=0.004$ in units of the critical density compared to the observation $0.0044$ with the recycling factor $1.6$ included. In order to account for the observed star formation rate and the present luminosity function, the star formation efficiency is not halo mass independent but becomes maximum at the halo mass $\simeq 10^{12}M_\odot$ and is suppressed for both smaller and larger mass haloes.

Francesca Orestano

Nathalie Vanfasse

Luis Felipe Gutiérrez, Sima Siami-Namini, Neda Tavakoli et al.

It is important and informative to compare and contrast major economic crises in order to confront novel and unknown cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2006 Great Recession and then the 2019 pandemic have a lot to share in terms of unemployment rate, consumption expenditures, and interest rates set by Federal Reserve. In addition to quantitative historical data, it is also interesting to compare the contents of Federal Reserve statements for the period of these two crises and find out whether Federal Reserve cares about similar concerns or there are some other issues that demand separate and unique monetary policies. This paper conducts an analysis to explore the Federal Reserve concerns as expressed in their statements for the period of 2005 to 2020. The concern analysis is performed using natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and a trend analysis of concern is also presented. We observe that there are some similarities between the Federal Reserve statements issued during the Great Recession with those issued for the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.

Lucas Sakizloglou, Sona Ghahremani, Thomas Brand et al.

Advanced systems such as IoT comprise many heterogeneous, interconnected, and autonomous entities operating in often highly dynamic environments. Due to their large scale and complexity, large volumes of monitoring data are generated and need to be stored, retrieved, and mined in a time- and resource-efficient manner. Architectural self-adaptation automates the control, orchestration, and operation of such systems. This can only be achieved via sophisticated decision-making schemes supported by monitoring data that fully captures the system behavior and its history. Employing model-driven engineering techniques we propose a highly scalable, history-aware approach to store and retrieve monitoring data in form of enriched runtime models. We take advantage of rule-based adaptation where change events in the system trigger adaptation rules. We first present a scheme to incrementally check model queries in the form of temporal logic formulas which represent the conditions of adaptation rules against a runtime model with history. Then we enhance the model to retain only information that is temporally relevant to the queries, therefore reducing the accumulation of information to a required minimum. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of our approach via experiments on a simulated smart healthcare system employing a real-world medical guideline.

Joanna Aleksandra Radowicz

Scottish National Identity in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Scotland became part of the United Kingdom in 1707, when the Act of Union was signed by both the Scottish and English Parliaments. Even though Scots were then largely subordinated to the decisions taken by Westminster, they maintained a sense of independence. One of the most important elements of building Scottish national identity is their history, mainly based on Anglo-Scottish relations and traditions that have been thought to be “invented” by intellectual elites in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The aim of the article is to present Scottish national identity in comparison to historical conditions, with particular emphasis on relations between England and Scotland.

Laurent Mellet

Wells and Forster are usually said to have developed two radically opposed approaches to the power of the arts. I too first set them apart to distinguish between the two main transformative powers of the arts addressed in this issue. Wells’s conviction that the arts could change society and help shape a better, fairer world is famous. In both his essays and novels, Forster regularly considered what is now referred to as intermediality, for instance through his defence of musical forms of ‘rhythm’ and pictorial forms of ‘pattern’ in literature in Aspects of the Novel. Beyond such theoretical divergences, a first common point is to be found in the embedded nature of both concerns in characterisation and plot. In Wells’s Edwardian novels, the only way to fulfil oneself is precisely to try and change the world through political commitment and action, while Forsterian protagonists find salvation in a much more aesthetic progression to sentience. In either case, the novelist questions and experiments with the form of the literary medium. But the narrative and formal modalities of this embeddedness reveal further connections between the two Edwardian artists, since the novels also evince the other transformative power of the arts. Wells’s books sometimes display an interrogation of the novel form in its interconnections with other prose genres (journalism, pamphlet, autobiography), while Forster’s novels often resort to liberal-humanist credos and other democratic stances which read as a plea for another society. These oscillations expose a common conception of prose fiction to reinvent itself but also the world out there which is typically Edwardian, liberal and democratic.

Asier Altuna-García de Salazar

Ebun Joseph Akpoveta was born in Nigeria in 1970. She is originally from Okpe in the State of Edo but she was later raised in Benin City. Her primary degree is in Microbiology from the University of Benin in Nigeria. Her professional career started in the State of Lagos and she was the Administrative Secretary for the Nigerian Britain Association before she moved to Ireland back in 2002. Since her arrival in Ireland, Ebun Joseph Akpoveta has been engaged in various activities and has been a prolific and pro-active member of the Nigerian community in her new home country. While in Ireland she has also furthered her academic instruction and has been a student of various postgraduate programmes. She obtained a Master’s degree in Education, Adult Guidance and Counselling from the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. She was recently awarded a Ph.D. by the UCD School of Social Justice in Equality Studies, one of her many passions apart from literature and writing. Ebun Joseph Akpoveta is also an equality activist, a career coach and a motivational speaker. She is an IACP-accredited counsellor and has great experience working with immigrants in Ireland. With this main cause in mind she founded The Unforgettable Women’s Network – TUWN which advocates for equality between men and women. She is a founding member of the African Women Writers Ireland, a Member of RTÉ Audience Council, and a columnist for the African Voice Newspaper. Ebun Joseph Akpoveta’s first book, Becoming Unforgettable. Uncovering the Essence of the Woman (2012), had the format of a counselling, self-help volume for women who need to articulate their experiences and cope with different plights. Her debut into fiction was with the harrowing novel Trapped: Prison without Walls (2013); here she embarks on the narration of difficult ordeals by immigrant African women in their new “host” country, Ireland. With this novel, Ebun Joseph Akpoveta interrogates the manner by which literary discourses in post Celtic Tiger Ireland challenge, elide or accommodate issues of globalization, immigration, and the notion of multiculturalism. With her fiction, Ebun Joseph Akpoveta questions much-used celebratory accounts of Irish multiculturalism, at least in media and political discourses, as integrationist and inclusive of the “Other”, and in particular, the female Other. Ebun Joseph Akpoveta lives in Dublin with her beloved family. I would like to thank her for her patience and kindness in collaborating to expand and finalise the present written version of her interview through e-mail.

B. R. Erick Peirson, Erin Bottino, Julia L. Damerow et al.

Journal of the History of Biology provides a fifty-year long record for examining the evolution of the history of biology as a scholarly discipline. In this paper, we present a new dataset and preliminary quantitative analysis of the thematic content of JHB from the perspectives of geography, organisms, and thematic fields. The geographic diversity of authors whose work appears in JHB has increased steadily since 1968, but the geographic coverage of the content of JHB articles remains strongly lopsided toward the United States, United Kingdom, and western Europe and has diversified much less dramatically over time. The taxonomic diversity of organisms discussed in JHB increased steadily between 1968 and the late 1990s but declined in later years, mirroring broader patterns of diversification previously reported in the biomedical research literature. Finally, we used a combination of topic modeling and nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques to develop a model of multi-article fields within JHB. We found evidence for directional changes in the representation of fields on multiple scales. The diversity of JHB with regard to the representation of thematic fields has increased overall, with most of that diversification occurring in recent years. Drawing on the dataset generated in the course of this analysis, as well as web services in the emerging digital history and philosophy of science ecosystem, we have developed an interactive web platform for exploring the content of JHB, and we provide a brief overview of the platform in this article. As a whole, the data and analyses presented here provide a starting-place for further critical reflection on the evolution of the history of biology over the past half-century.

Ruxin Ding

A robust code, called Low-T Thermo, has been developed to combine low-T thermochronological data arbitrarily to model thermal history. After apatite fission-track age and confined length are decoupled into two completely independent data to inverse thermal history and thermal history inversion using mica Ar-Ar age or bedrock quartz optically stimulated luminescence age are developed, there are eight kinds of low-T thermochronological data used to inverse thermal history including apatite fission-track age, apatite fission-track confined length, zircon fission-track age, apatite (U-Th)/He age, zircon (U-Th)/He age, mica Ar-Ar, bedrock quartz optically stimulated luminescence age and vitrinite reflectance. A total of 247 kinds of combination modes can be used to jointly inverse thermal history in theory (except the eight single methods modelling). These arbitrary combinations are helpful to model thermal history with the "incomplete" low-T thermochronological data set regarded to be unuseful for thermal history modelling and reduce experimental cost. For arbitrary combination of different low-T thermochronological data, each low-T thermochronological method is independent incompletely and the equivalent p-value is used to be the identical evaluation indicator in the inverse process. The usefulness of the code is demonstrated by modelling thermal history of existing low-T thermochronological data in the areas of Dabie Mountain, Ahimanawa Range and Southern Alps.

John Ermisch, Fiona Steele

<b>Background</b>: It is plausible that people take into account anticipated changes in family size in choosing where to live. But estimation of the impact of anticipated events on current transitions in an event history framework is challenging because expectations must be measured in some way and, like indicators of past childbearing, expected future childbearing may be endogenous with respect to housing decisions. <b>Objective</b>: The objective of the study is to estimate how expected changes in family size affect residential movement in Great Britain in a way which addresses these challenges. <b>Methods</b>: We use longitudinal data from a mature 18-wave panel survey, the British Household Panel Survey, which incorporates a direct measure of fertility expectations. The statistical methods allow for the potential endogeneity of expectations in our estimation and testing framework. <b>Results</b>: We produce evidence consistent with the idea that past childbearing mainly affects residential mobility through expectations of future childbearing, not directly through the number of children in the household. But there is heterogeneity in response. In particular, fertility expectations have a much greater effect on mobility among women who face lower costs of mobility, such as private tenants. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our estimates indicate that expecting to have a(nother) child in the future increases the probability of moving by about 0.036 on average, relative to an average mobility rate of 0.14 per annum in our sample. <b>Contribution</b>: Our contribution is to incorporate anticipation of future events into an empirical model of residential mobility. We also shed light on how childbearing affects mobility.