Studiul investighează tranziția de la alfabetul chirilic la alfabetul latin în documentația oficială a instituțiilor de învățământ superior din Republica Moldova, în contextul aplicării Legii privind funcționarea limbilor (1989). Analiza proceselor-verbale universitare, a ordinelor rectorale și a dosarelor studențești evidențiază caracterul complex al transformării, cu dimensiuni tehnico-administrative și identitare. Ritmul implementării a variat în funcție de profilul instituțiilor: facultățile umaniste (Institutul Pedagogic „A. Russo”, Universitatea de Stat din Chișinău) au adoptat rapid grafia latină și glotonimul „limba română”, în timp ce unitățile tehnice și reale (Institutul Politehnic „S. Lazo”, unele catedre științifice) au menținut o perioadă bilingvismul. La Institutul Agricol „M. V. Frunze”, schimbarea s-a produs gradual. Concluziile subliniază rolul universităților ca spații de legitimare a alfabetului latin și a redefinirii
glotonimice de la „limba moldovenească” la „limba română”.
Cuvinte-cheie: alfabet latin, procese-verbale universitare, legislație lingvistică, identitate națională, învățământ superior, limba română, glotonim, tranziție lingvistică
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum10(220)2025_18
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Correlates of War (COW), an ongoing project initiated in the United States to monitor all the wars around the globe, covers the Estonian and Latvian wars of independence, and the war between Poland and Russia, but does not represent the Lithuanian War of Independence in detail. It only includes one episode of the war, the Polish-Lithuanian war. The article points out that this is partly correlated with the lack of a single term for these events in Lithuania. The author assesses the names of the war or wars of independence circulating in Lithuania, asking to what extent their differences have had an impact on the external (non)recognition of the War of Independence. After reviewing the paradoxical situation with war names circulating in Lithuania, the essay concludes with a reflection on what caused the establishment of the plural name in Lithuania. Despite this, the author argues that, from the perspective of external recognition, a singular name would better represent the nature of the processes that occurred in 1919 and 1920, and would contribute more to the consolidation of the national identity.
Рассматриваются структурные и кадровые аспекты развития системы управления художественной отраслью Казахской ССР во второй половине 1930-х гг. Известно, что с 1936 г. в Советском Союзе проходили сложные структурно-институциональные процессы в системе управления культуры и искусства, когда вся полнота власти переходила из ведения Наркомпроса в ведение Всесоюзного комитета по делам искусств. Параллельно в Казахской ССР начался этап активного формирования республиканской художественной инфраструктуры, главой которой было определено специальное ведомство — Управление по делам искусств при СНК КазССР. Материалы из Российского государственного архива литературы и искусства (РГАЛИ) позволили прояснить, что наблюдавшийся во второй половине 1930-х гг. структурно-кадровый и производственный кризис в отрасли был опосредован общим управленческим кризисом, последовавшим после номенклатурных чисток 1937-1938 гг., и указывал на произошедшую за короткий период трансформацию в системе государственных приоритетов, приведшую к замене руководителя-«новатора» на руководителя-«функционера».
Coordination among stakeholders has been considered as a significant influential factor in providing teachers with quality Professional Development (PD) opportunities. The importance of coordination intensifies when a variety of PD providers work on the capacity building of teachers in the same region such as in some rural areas of Pakistan. The current research explored the nature of coordination among various stakeholders while designing and implementing PD programs for teachers in rural Pakistan. To achieve this aim, qualitative case study approach was used and data were generated through focused group interviews from PD providers, education managers, school leaders, and teachers. The results indicated a limited coordination among the stakeholders leading to a variety of issues such as overlapping programs, conflicting expectations from teachers, and selection of irrelevant teachers for PD. Drawing on the experience of the stakeholders who participated in this research, the paper suggests a model of coordination which the educational reformers, especially the PD providers and education managers, should consider while designing and implementing the capacity building programs for teachers.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Qual o crescimento percentual entre o inicio do século XV e o inicio do século XVI no termo do Porto? Para responder a essa questão, o presente artigo contabiliza o número de contribuintes do Porto em duas fontes fiscais: o livro da abertura da rua nova (1438) e o livro da abertura da rua das flores (1521-1527). Temos por objetivo apresentar de forma quantitativa o crescimento populacional dos contribuintes que se deu no termo do Porto. Foram elaboradas tabelas comparativas das circunscrições com os valores populacionais nos dois períodos e respetivo crescimento percentual.
Background & aim: Background and Aim: Among working women, health professionals are more exposed to environmental factors and unfavorable working conditions than working women. A large group of health professionals consists of nurses and operating room staff who provide services in hospitals. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of unfavorable working conditions on the incidence of spontaneous abortion in operating room staff and nurses of teaching hospitals in Isfahan.
Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study. The statistical population included 300 women working in the nursing wards and operating rooms of Isfahan teaching hospitals during the years 2016-2017, by census sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 main parts; Details of total pregnancies and demographic information were adjusted to examine the demographic structure of the study group, occupational factors, and pregnancy outcome during the last pregnancy. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: In the present study, 13(8.7%) of women working in the operating room and 12 (8.1%) of women working in nursing wards had a history of spontaneous abortion in the last pregnancy, which was statistically different(p=0.85). 111 operating room staff(74%) experienced more than 3 hours of standing, 42(28.1%) more than 44 hours per week, and 57(38%) experienced a turbulent environment with almost constant noise. The operating room group was exposed to anesthesia gases (98%), sterilizing agents(94%) and x-rays(97%) which were statistically significant(p <0.05). Despite the difference in most unfavorable work situations, no significant difference was observed between the incidence of spontaneous abortion in the two groups(p=0.85).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the incidence of spontaneous abortion in the operating room group was not significantly different from women working in nursing wards.
Jean Pascal Demba Diop, Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo, Violaine Bourdon-Huguenin
et al.
Abstract Background Pathogenic variants associated with hereditary breast cancer have been reported for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes in patients from multiple ethnicities, but limited information is available from sub-Saharan African populations. We report a BRCA2 pathogenic variant in a Senegalese family with hereditary breast cancer. Methods An index case from a consanguineous family and nineteen healthy female relatives were recruited after informed consent. Along with this family, 14 other index cases with family history of breast cancer were also recruited. For the control populations we recruited 48 healthy women with no cancer diagnosis and 48 women diagnosed with sporadic breast cancer without family history. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. All BRCA2 exons were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Sequences were compared to the BRCA2 GenBank reference sequence (NM_000059.3) using Alamut Software. Results We identified a novel nonsense pathogenic variant c.5219 T > G; p.(Leu1740Ter) in exon 11 of BRCA2 in the index case. The pathogenic variant was also identified in three sisters and one daughter, but was absent in the controls and unrelated cases. Conclusions This is the first report of a novel BRCA2 pathogenic variant in a Senegalese family with hereditary breast cancer. This result confirms the diversity of hereditary breast cancer pathogenic variants across populations and extends our knowledge of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in Africa.
Jasmin Schlax, Claus Jünger, Manfred E. Beutel
et al.
Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) has a strong association with depression or physical and mental health in general. However, as SES is a multifaceted construct these associations are not easy to explain. Further, there are several indicators and many studies only investigating two or less indicators at the same time. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of three defined SES dimensions (education, occupational position and household net-income) with the occurrence of elevated symptoms of depression relative to the impact of important covariates. Methods The study included observational data from 12,484 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study. The outcome was “elevated depressive symptoms” as defined by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) ≥ 2 at the 2.5-year follow-up. Regression coefficients were adjusted for baseline covariates (age, sex, partnership, depression, anxiety, medical history of depressive or anxiety disorder and major medical diseases (MMD)) in addition to SES sum score and the three single indicators. We further examined interaction terms of the SES with sex, partnership and major medical diseases. We analyzed the sample stratified by elevated depressive symptoms at baseline, as we expected different trajectories in both subgroups. Results SES, education and household net-income were lower in the group of persons with PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at baseline, and they predicted the occurrence of PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at 2.5 year follow-up in the group of persons without elevated depressive symptoms at baseline after multivariable adjustment (SES: Odds Ratio (OR) 0.96, 0.95–0.98, p < 0.0001; education: OR 0.96, 0.93–0.99, p = 0.036; household net-income: OR 0.96, 0.92–0.99, p = 0.046) but not in the group of persons with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline. Further, we found that the impact of major medical diseases on the development of elevated depressive symptoms was buffered by high income. In addition, living in a partnership buffered the impact of a low occupational position. Conclusions Regarding the SES, the dimensions education and household net-income seem to play the most important role for socioeconomic inequalities in persons in Mid-West Germany with depressive symptoms. Trial registration Reference no. 837.020.07; original vote: 22.3.2007, latest update: 20.10.2015
La défense de l’Exposition de 1937 fut l’une des batailles menées par le Parti communiste français de juillet 1936 à janvier 1938. Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Parisien enraciné dans la banlieue de Paris et interlocuteur des intellectuels depuis 1932, y joue un rôle clé grâce au cumul des différentes fonctions de député-maire de Villejuif, rédacteur en chef de l’Humanité et dirigeant communiste de rang national (membre du comité central). Menée au nom de la fidélité au programme du Front populaire, cette lutte met particulièrement en valeur la politique culturelle du Parti communiste, dont il est le promoteur, contribuant à lui forger une identité singulière, le faisant exister comme un « je » dans une structure dominée par le « nous ».
This paper looks at the changes in Catholic rites of passage as they faced pressure from modernization and the secularization of society in the second half of the 19th century. It focuses on the transformation of three key rituals – christenings, weddings and funerals – and charts changes in them during the second half of the 19th century. These changes were noted in Catholic journals and pastoral guides for clergymen in the parishes, which provide a series of testimonies to the transformation of these rituals. These sources show a clearly observable struggle between the Catholic Church and the faithful, whose devotion was gradually weakened under secularization. This put pressure on clergymen to adapt rituals to the congregation's needs and ideas, and in so doing started the journey towards the privatization and individualization of rites of passage.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Central Europe
Sebastian Fraune, Sylvain Foret, Adam Michael Reitzel
The phenotype of an animal cannot be explained entirely by its genes. It is now clear that factors other than the genome contribute to the ecology and evolution of animals. Two fundamentally important factors are the associated microbiota and epigenetic regulations. Unlike the genes and regulatory regions of the genome, epigenetics and microbial composition can be rapidly modified, and may thus represent mechanisms for rapid acclimation to a changing environment. At present, the individual functions of epigenetics, microbiomes, and genomic mutations are largely studied in isolation, particularly for species in marine ecosystems. This single variable approach leaves significant questions open for how these mechanisms intersect in the acclimation and adaptation of organisms in different environments. Here, we propose that the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, is a model of choice to investigate the complex interplay between adaptation as well as physiological and molecular plasticity in coastal ecosystems. N. vectensis’ geographic range spans four distinct coastlines, including a wide thermocline along the Atlantic coast of North America. N. vectensis is a particularly powerful invertebrate model for studying genome-environment interactions due to (1) the availability of a well-annotated genome, including preexisting data on genome methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs, (2) an extensive molecular toolkit including well-developed protocols for gene suppression and transgenesis, and (3) the simplicity of culture and experimentation in the laboratory. Taken together, N. vectensis has the tractability to connect the functional relationships between a host animal, microbes, and genome modifications to determine mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation.
Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Review to Sònia Gros, «Aquella dolçor amarga». La tradició amatòria clàssica en el Curial e Güelfa. València, Publicacions de laUniversitat de València, 2015, 346 pp, ISBN: 978-84-370-9648-3
Seyed Hossein Serajzadeh, Mohammad Sedigh Mohammadi
In this paper clergies and academics' View on Religiosity Criteria will study and compare. Religiosity criterion is considered as the principle based on which the extent of religiosity of people is evaluated.Based on the sociological theories of Weber, Stark and Girth about the relationship between religious understandings of different groups and their social status and situations and on the basis of secularization theories, and also considering the fact that clergies and academics enjoy different social characteristics, particularly with regard to their relation with academic institutions and modern values, it was hypothesized that clergies and academics criteria for religiosity vary and academics put more focus on general moral aspects and less emphasis on ritualistic, collective and juridical aspects of religiosity.For this aim, three samples of clergies, academics and academic clergies compared by conducting a questionnaire in which the respondents decided on the significance of the items of a multidimensional religiosity scale. The data revealed that academics and clergies emphasized differently on various aspects of religiosity. While clerics focused on all aspects and dimensions of religiosity, academics put primarily stress on moral aspects of religiosity and put less stress on collective rituals. The diversity could be explained based on the differences of social situation and educational tradition of clergies and academics.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
First published in 1970, The Cambridge History of Islam is the most comprehensive and ambitious collaborative survey of Islamic history and civilization yet to appear in English. On publication it was welcomed as a work useful for both reference and reading, for the general reader, student and specialist alike. It has now been reprinted, with corrections, and for ease of handling the original two hardcover volumes have each been divided into two separate paperbacks.
A perceptive thinker and author of five scholarly tomes as well as numerous essays, the philosopher and historian of religion, Constance E. Plumptre is now unfamiliar to many readers. Yet for a period of just over twenty years between 1878 and 1902 she championed some of the most fascinating philosophical and religious theories of the Victorian age. Although she won greatest acclaim for Studies in Little-Known Subjects (1898), her first work, General Sketch of the History of Pantheism, published anonymously in 1878, was one of the most significant nineteenth-century studies in theological philosophy. In this second volume Plumptre continues her account of modern Pantheism and introduces the reader to the works of Spinoza, Fichte, Hegel and Schopenhauer, before concluding with a brief but insightful summary of this substantial philosophical question. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=plumce