Hasil untuk "Folklore"

David R. Rice, Michael J. Radke

Exoplanet atmospheres are usually discussed as tracers of climate, chemistry, and habitability, but they may also preserve signatures of planetary defense. We consider three folklore-motivated deterrents against monsters: reduced organosulfur gases as anti-hematophage repellents, argentiferous reflective aerosols as anti-lycanthropic countermeasures, and haline aerosols as a counting problem for specters. We show that globally-mixed garlic-smelly levels of DMS/DMDS could produce observable mid-infrared transmission features, that silver hazes would show up as anomalous optical brightening, and that sea-salt lofting sustained by strong near-surface winds appears as muted spectra. None of these signatures is unique, which is precisely the observational challenge. A defended world may first appear merely sulfur-rich, bright, or hazy. Therefore, some atmospheres may encode not only biosignatures, but also evidence that the local biosphere has stopped being afraid of the dark.

Miguel Bosch-Calvo, Fabrizio Grandoni, Yusuke Kobayashi et al.

In the Weighted Triangle-Free 2-Matching problem (WTF2M), we are given an undirected edge-weighted graph. Our goal is to compute a maximum-weight subgraph that is a 2-matching (i.e., no node has degree more than $2$) and triangle-free (i.e., it does not contain any cycle with $3$ edges). One of the main motivations for this and related problems is their practical and theoretical connection with the Traveling Salesperson Problem and with some $2$-connectivity network design problems. WTF2M is not known to be NP-hard and at the same time no polynomial-time algorithm to solve it is known in the general case (polynomial-time algorithms are known only for some special cases). The best-known (folklore) approximation algorithm for this problem simply computes a maximum-weight 2-matching, and then drops the cheapest edge of each triangle: this gives a $2/3$ approximation. In this paper we present a PTAS for WTF2M, i.e., a polynomial-time $(1-\varepsilon)$-approximation algorithm for any given constant $\varepsilon>0$. Our result is based on a simple local-search algorithm and a non-trivial analysis.

Nima Motamed, Nina Otter, Emily Roff

The algebraic analysis of social systems, or algebraic social network analysis, refers to a collection of methods designed to extract information about the structure of a social system represented as a directed graph. Central among these are methods to determine the roles that exist within a given system, and the positions. The analysis of roles and positions is highly developed for social systems that involve only pairwise interactions among actors - however, in contemporary social network analysis it is increasingly common to use models that can take into account higher-order interactions as well. In this paper we take a category-theoretic approach to the question of how to lift role and positional analysis from graphs to hypergraphs, which can accommodate higher-order interactions. We use the framework of universal coalgebra - a 'theory of systems' with origins in computer science and logic - to formalize the main concepts of role and positional analysis and extend them to a large class of structures that includes both graphs and hypergraphs. As evidence for the validity of our definitions, we prove a very general functoriality theorem that specializes, in the case of graphs, to a folkloric observation about the compatibility of positional and role analysis.

Nicholas Clark, Hua Shen, Bill Howe et al.

LLMs increasingly serve as tools for knowledge acquisition, yet users cannot effectively specify how they want information presented. When users request that LLMs "cite reputable sources," "express appropriate uncertainty," or "include multiple perspectives," they discover that current interfaces provide no structured way to articulate these preferences. The result is prompt sharing folklore: community-specific copied prompts passed through trust relationships rather than based on measured efficacy. We propose the Epistemic Alignment Framework, a set of ten challenges in knowledge transmission derived from the philosophical literature of epistemology, concerning issues such as evidence quality assessment and calibration of testimonial reliance. The framework serves as a structured intermediary between user needs and system capabilities, creating a common vocabulary to bridge the gap between what users want and what systems deliver. Through a thematic analysis of custom prompts and personalization strategies shared on online communities where these issues are actively discussed, we find users develop elaborate workarounds to address each of the challenges. We then apply our framework to two prominent model providers, OpenAI and Anthropic, through content analysis of their documented policies and product features. Our analysis shows that while these providers have partially addressed the challenges we identified, they fail to establish adequate mechanisms for specifying epistemic preferences, lack transparency about how preferences are implemented, and offer no verification tools to confirm whether preferences were followed. For AI developers, the Epistemic Alignment Framework offers concrete guidance for supporting diverse approaches to knowledge; for users, it works toward information delivery that aligns with their specific needs rather than defaulting to one-size-fits-all approaches.

A. Ch. Abazov

The article explores the contribution of Nelly Lukozheva to the development of the genre in the Adyghe children’s dramatic tale. Until now, in Adyghe literary criticism, there is no research work on modern children’s literature, and many genres of Adyghe children’s literature and drama are still poorly studied. The appeal of the playwright-librettist Nelly Lukozheva to folklore motives in globalization problems should be considered as a certain trend that has recently been noted in domestic multinational literature. Currently, the genre of literary fairy tale in the Kabardino-Circassian language occupies an important place in modern Adyghe literature. The world of the author’s artistic fairy tales reflects the life philosophy of the author and the moral and ethical norms and laws of society and the state, transmitted through symbols, signs, metaphors and various sentiments. The play-fairy tale “Starstone” by Nelly Lukozheva provides a relevant subject of research, because the author turns his close attention to the cultural, ethnic, lexical and social functions of fairy tales. Therefore, the emergence of recent works of drama makes it possible to touch the spiritual culture of the Adyghe people. Dramatic works as fairy tale plays are of special scientific interest both in theoretical terms and in studying the forms and features of the existence of folklore. The proposed article also draws attention to the presence in the fairy tale play of Nelly Lukozheva of ethnic information at the level of themes, ideas, style and some specific aspects, reveals artistic conflict and gives images of the heroes characteristics in her fairy tale play “Starstone.”

Nisanur Erdoğmuş

The social and cultural changes in the 19th century, the acceleration of the modernisation process, the rising nationalism movements and the increasing influence of Western culture deeply affected the structure of the Ottoman Empire. In this period, the Ottoman intellectuals interacted with Western thought, orientated towards new ideas and increased their interest in folk culture in search of preserving the Turkish identity. While the reforms beginning with the Tanzimat and the modernisation moves of the Constitutional Monarchy created tension between traditional values and Western paradigms, intellectuals focused on transforming folkloric elements into a national discourse in order to unify the disintegrating social fabric. Epics, folk songs and local traditions were instrumentalised to reinforce the consciousness of Turkishness. This article analyses the relationship between the dynamics of the nineteenth century, the upheavals caused by the Balkan Wars and the transformations in Turkish folklore. The territorial losses and demographic changes caused by the Balkan Wars weakened the ideology of Ottomanism and emphasised Turkish nationalism. For intellectuals, folklore became a source that carried the traces of Turkish presence in the lost geographies and kept national belonging alive. Within the scope of the study, the cultural, political and social factors affecting the change of folklore in the process leading to the Republic are discussed; the efforts of the Ottoman intellectuals to shape the national identity in the Westernisation process and the role of folklore in this process are evaluated. In conclusion, it is emphasised that Turkish folklore is not only a reflection of the past but also an effective tool in the construction of a new national consciousness. Folklore has nurtured the symbols of the modern nation-state while preserving traditional values and has acquired an ongoing importance in Turkey's search for cultural identity.

Mahmut Delen

The Circassians are considered one of the deep-rooted peoples of the Caucasus and have a unique culture. With a history of approximately one hundred and fifty years in Anatolia, the Circassians are characterized by their adherence to their traditions, hospitality and folk culture, which is evident in every aspect of their lives. The Circassians have managed to pass on their cultural heritage to future generations despite the many social rifts and traumas they have experienced. Circassian women have the greatest role in transmitting folk culture. The research attempted to gather data on the daily lives of Circassian women, the division of roles among them, and their impact on the transmission of culture through an interview with a woman who lives in Tekneli, a Circassian village in the central district of Tokat province, and who has continued to practice Circassian culture throughout her life. Based on the data obtained using the in-depth interview method through a semi-structured interview form, analyses were conducted on the perception of women in the Circassian culture. The categories and codes that emerged from the analyses were treated separately and an attempt was made to make sense of them. According to the results of the research, it has been evaluated that much of the common information about Circassian women in the society contains misinformation and that women are given great importance, although there is a patriarchal way of life in the Circassian society.

Michael Skeide

Motivated by questions raised in the preprint [AL20] by Accardi and Lu (private communication), we examine criteria for when the product of two partial isometries between Hilbert spaces is again a partial isometry and we use this to define a new composition operation that always yields again a partial isometry. Then, we aim at promoting these results to (not necessarily adjointable) partial isometries between Hilbert modules as proposed by Shalit and Skeide [SS23]. The case of Hilbert spaces is elementary and rather simple, though not trivial, but -- we expect -- folkloric. The case of Hilbert modules suffers substantially from the fact that bounded right linear maps need not possess necessarily an adjoint. In fact, we show that the new composition law for partial isometries between Hilbert spaces can in no way be promoted directly to partial isometries between Hilbert modules, but that we have to pass to the more flexible class of partially defined isometries.

Ramona Ciolac, Ioan Csosz, Simona Martin et al.

The popularity of rural tourism forms has increased in recent years. From the initiatives with individual character it has been reached a real alternative leisure. The reason? Authenticity of rural areas is a quality becoming more demanding in terms of current life. Synonymous with a holiday spent with little money in nature, rural tourism forms, like and are becoming increasingly popular. Folk heritage of folk architecture, folk customs and traditions, crafts, port and popular folklore, gastronomy specific is the most popular tourist attractions in rural tourism. Therefore, tourist villages and agro-tourist offer circumscribed, in particular, to Romanian folk brand areas, which fortunately, also benefits of natural attractions of great beauty.

Yumiko Ohara, Seira Machida

Since the 1970s, Yomitan Village in Okinawa has been at the forefront of community-led efforts of language preservation by documenting its folklore as a part of a larger goal to restore its language and culture. This has resulted in the documentation of over 5000 stories recounted in a local variety of Uchinaaguchi by over 700 community members from all parts of the village. The first aim of this article is to outline the vast folklore data that has been accumulated as well as the language-related materials that have been created from the data. Secondly, it explores conceptual frameworks for the teaching of endangered languages through an Indigenous critical pedagogy that incorporates three perspectives, namely, critical pedagogy hybridity and the third space, and decolonization. Furthermore, we suggest some ways to utilize these stories to teach the language and culture of the community and at the same time demonstrate how the accumulated narratives can be used to illuminate the crucial relationship among history, politics, and knowledge.

Pontas Surya Fernandes, Philip Suciadi Chia, Jevri Terok

The Arfak tribe lives on the island of Papua as a part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In 2022 there was a division by adding four new provinces namely South Papua, Central Papua, Highlands Papua, Southwest Papua Provinces in accordance with the laws in force in Indonesia. Papuans belong to the Melanesian race and the Arfak tribe consists of four sub-tribes namely the Hatam, Meyah, Molei, Sough.The Arfak tribe has its livelihoods in gardening, hunting, trading, raising livestock, collecting forest products. Most of the Arfak people are Christians. However, the people of the Arfak tribe still believe in Animism (a belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the entire material universe) and Dynamism (a belief that there are powers that exist in natural objects in the world e.g. a rock or a tree might become an object of awe and veneration because it is believed to have great power) which is often termed Suanggi. Belief in Suanggi is in harmony with other religions which are considered to accept Animism and Dynamism in their beliefs such as those evident in Hinduism, Ancient Egyptian Religions, and even Confucianism. This is driven by the search for a figure in power. However, there are differences in the beliefs of the people of the Arfak tribe about the resurrection of a person such as in Judaism Buddhism and some Christian sects. Christianity of course believes in the existence of an Ultimate Person, namely Jesus the God-man as well as belief in the possibility of resurrection in the future life. Resurrection is a certainty in the Christian faith. The Arfak people who are Christians in orientation must also have the belief in death as an advantage towards life in eternity in God’s heavenly Kingdom. Christians must follow the teachings of the Holy Bible. As Christians, people who have believed in Jesus Christ should not practice Suanggi in any shape or form because it is based on a malevolent spirit in the folklore of some islands in Indonesia. A discourse on Suanggi and malevolent spirits was carried out in this study using careful reflection on Holy Scripture and other relevant literature from academic books and journals.

Matteo Capucci, Bruno Gavranović

Actions of monoidal categories on categories, also known as actegories, have been familiar to category theorists for a long time, and yet a comprehensive overview of this topic seems to be missing from the literature. Recently, actegories have been increasingly employed in applied category theory, thereby encouraging an effort to fill this gap according to the new needs of these applications. This work started as an investigation of the notion of monoidal actegory, a compatible pair of monoidal and actegorical structures, and ended up including a sizable reference on the elementary theory of actegories. We cover basic definitions and results on actegories and biactegories, spelling out explicitly many folkloric definitions, including their tensor product and their hom-tensor adjunction. We give new definitions of actegories with monoidal, braided monoidal and symmetric monoidal structure. In the last section, we provide three Cayley-like classification results for these structures.

Janusz Maciejewski

The introductory article defines occasional and applied literature, as well as describing the aims of the periodical Inscription. Periodical on Occasional and Applied Literature, which was created as a forum for exchanging experiences and publishing research findings by researchers of various fields of the Humanities (such as literary and customs historians, historians, sociologists, language scholars), interested in literary and para-literary phenomena.

V. Akshay, D. Rabinovich, E. Campos et al.

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. In QAOA, a quantum circuit is trained -- by repeatedly adjusting circuit parameters -- to solve a problem. Several recent findings have reported parameter concentration effects in QAOA and their presence has become one of folklore: while empirically observed, the concentrations have not been defined and analytical approaches remain scarce, focusing on limiting system and not considering parameter scaling as system size increases. We found that optimal QAOA circuit parameters concentrate as an inverse polynomial in the problem size, providing an optimistic result for improving circuit training. Our results are analytically demonstrated for variational state preparations at $p=1,2$ (corresponding to 2 and 4 tunable parameters respectively). The technique is also applicable for higher depths and the concentration effect is cross verified numerically. Parameter concentrations allow for training on a fraction $w < n$ of qubits to assert that these parameters are nearly optimal on $n$ qubits. Clearly this effect has significant practical importance.

Carla Groenland, Jesper Nederlof, Isja Mannens et al.

We study the fine-grained complexity of counting the number of colorings and connected spanning edge sets parameterized by the cutwidth and treewidth of the graph. While decompositions of small treewidth decompose the graph with small vertex separators, decompositions with small cutwidth decompose the graph with small \emph{edge} separators. Let $p,q \in \mathbb{N}$ such that $p$ is a prime and $q \geq 3$. - If $p$ divides $q-1$, there is a $(q-1)^{\text{ctw}}n^{O(1)}$ time algorithm for counting list $q$-colorings modulo $p$ of $n$-vertex graphs of cutwidth $\text{ctw}$ and for all $\varepsilon>0$ there is no algorithm running in time $(q-1-\varepsilon)^{\text{ctw}} n^{O(1)}$, assuming the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). - If $p$ does not divide $q-1$, there is a (folklore) $q^{\text{ctw}}n^{O(1)}$ time algorithm for counting list $q$-colorings modulo $p$ of $n$-vertex graphs of cutwidth $\text{ctw}$ and for all $\varepsilon>0$ there is no algorithm running in time $(q-\varepsilon)^{\text{ctw}} n^{O(1)}$, assuming SETH. The lower bounds are in stark contrast with the existing $2^{\text{ctw}}n^{O(1)}$ time algorithm to compute the chromatic number of a graph by Jansen and Nederlof~[Theor. Comput. Sci.'18]. Both our algorithms and lower bounds employ use of the matrix rank method, by relating the complexity of the problem to the rank of a certain `compatibility matrix' in a non-trivial way. We extend our lower bounds to counting connected spanning edge sets modulo $p$ and give an algorithm with matching running time for both treewidth and cutwidth.

DRĂGOI, VASILE

The article is dedicated to the artistic activities of the „Dragaica” Ethnofolkloric Ensemble , from the town of Slobozia, situated on the left bank of the River Dniester. Here are presented some facts form the history of the ensemble that has recently celebrated 30 years of its artistic activity (it was founded in 1987), data about the members of the ensemble, and analyzed its repertoire, a part of which was recorded by the author. In addition, the author presented and analyzed some of the most representative melodies performed by the ensemble „Drăgaica”. Their rich artistic activity and the performed repertoire showed that the ensemble is one of the most important promoters of Romanian folklore from the left side of the River Dniester.

Omri Puny, Heli Ben-Hamu, Yaron Lipman

This paper advocates incorporating a Low-Rank Global Attention (LRGA) module, a computation and memory efficient variant of the dot-product attention (Vaswani et al., 2017), to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for improving their generalization power. To theoretically quantify the generalization properties granted by adding the LRGA module to GNNs, we focus on a specific family of expressive GNNs and show that augmenting it with LRGA provides algorithmic alignment to a powerful graph isomorphism test, namely the 2-Folklore Weisfeiler-Lehman (2-FWL) algorithm. In more detail we: (i) consider the recent Random Graph Neural Network (RGNN) (Sato et al., 2020) framework and prove that it is universal in probability; (ii) show that RGNN augmented with LRGA aligns with 2-FWL update step via polynomial kernels; and (iii) bound the sample complexity of the kernel's feature map when learned with a randomly initialized two-layer MLP. From a practical point of view, augmenting existing GNN layers with LRGA produces state of the art results in current GNN benchmarks. Lastly, we observe that augmenting various GNN architectures with LRGA often closes the performance gap between different models.

Luka Music, Céline Chevalier, Elham Kashefi

It is of folkloric belief that the security of classical cryptographic protocols is automatically broken if the Adversary is allowed to perform superposition queries and the honest players forced to perform actions coherently on quantum states. Another widely held intuition is that enforcing measurements on the exchanged messages is enough to protect protocols from these attacks. However, the reality is much more complex. Security models dealing with superposition attacks only consider unconditional security. Conversely, security models considering computational security assume that all supposedly classical messages are measured, which forbids by construction the analysis of superposition attacks. Boneh and Zhandry have started to study the quantum computational security for classical primitives in their seminal work at Crypto'13, but only in the single-party setting. To the best of our knowledge, an equivalent model in the multiparty setting is still missing. In this work, we propose the first computational security model considering superposition attacks for multiparty protocols. We show that our new security model is satisfiable by proving the security of the well-known One-Time-Pad protocol and give an attack on a variant of the equally reputable Yao Protocol for Secure Two-Party Computations. The post-mortem of this attack reveals the precise points of failure, yielding highly counter-intuitive results: Adding extra classical communication, which is harmless for classical security, can make the protocol become subject to superposition attacks. We use this newly imparted knowledge to construct the first concrete protocol for Secure Two-Party Computation that is resistant to superposition attacks. Our results show that there is no straightforward answer to provide for either the vulnerabilities of classical protocols to superposition attacks or the adapted countermeasures.

Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz

Artykuł poświęcony jest przedsięwzięciu zrealizowanemu w 2015 r. w gminie Mstów (pow. częstochowski, woj. śląskie), polegającemu na zainstalowaniu na terenie (w krajobrazie) tej jurajskiej gminy tablic informacyjnych pod wspólnym tytułem „Śladami Przeszłości po Gminie Mstów”. Tablice, prezentujące fotografie oraz krótką notatkę dotyczącą historii danego miejsca (dziś już często nieistniejącego lub posiadającego inny charakter), ustawione zostały w pierwotnych lokalizacjach obiektów wpisujących się w lokalną historię i dziedzictwo. Twórcami projektu są Urząd Gminy, „lokalni eksperci – pasjonaci” oraz mieszkańcy. To oni nie tylko dzielili się wspomnieniami (stanowiącymi bazę do tworzenia opisów), ale również otwierali swoje domowe archiwa i udostępniali unikatowe, bo niedostępne w tzw. oficjalnych opracowaniach, fotografie. Zaproponowany etnograficzny przypis jest komentarzem do tej terenowej ekspozycji, która służyć ma m.in. celom krajoznawczym, edukacyjnym, zachowaniu pamięci o miejscach, których istnienie w społecznej świadomości i przypisywane im wartości pomagają podtrzymywać lokalną tożsamość. Pojęciem porządkującym i nadającym kontekst rozważaniom jest krajobraz rozumiany jako konstrukt kulturowy, społeczny oraz czasowy.

Diego A. Cruz, Sergio S. Lopez, Jorge E. Camargo

Colombia has a diversity of genres in traditional music, which allows to express the richness of the Colombian culture according to the region. This musical diversity is the result of a mixture of African, native Indigenous, and European influences. Organizing large collections of songs is a time consuming task that requires that a human listens to fragments of audio to identify genre, singer, year, instruments and other relevant characteristics that allow to index the song dataset. This paper presents a method to automatically identify the genre of a Colombian song by means of its audio content. The method extracts audio features that are used to train a machine learning model that learns to classify the genre. The method was evaluated in a dataset of 180 musical pieces belonging to six folkloric Colombian music genres: Bambuco, Carranga, Cumbia, Joropo, Pasillo, and Vallenato. Results show that it is possible to automatically identify the music genre in spite of the complexity of Colombian rhythms reaching an average accuracy of 69\%.