Hasil untuk "Biotechnology"

D. Lasič

E. T. Nilsen, Dm Orcutt

S. Schuster, T. Dandekar, D. Fell

Yuhua Weng, Haihua Xiao, Jinchao Zhang et al.

Recently, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Commission (EC) approved Alnylam Pharmaceuticals' RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, ONPATTRO™ (Patisiran), for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. This is the first RNAi therapeutic all over the world, as well as the first FDA-approved treatment for this indication. As a milestone event in RNAi pharmaceutical industry, it means, for the first time, people have broken through all development processes for RNAi drugs from research to clinic. With this achievement, RNAi approval may soar in the coming years. In this paper, we introduce the basic information of ONPATTRO and the properties of RNAi and nucleic acid therapeutics, update the clinical and preclinical development activities, review its complicated development history, summarize the key technologies of RNAi at early stage, and discuss the latest advances in delivery and modification technologies. It provides a comprehensive view and biotechnological insights of RNAi therapy for the broader audiences.

V. Urlacher, M. Girhard

Stamatia Bellou, M. Baeshen, A. Elazzazy et al.

A. Muras, M. Romero, C. Mayer et al.

Abstract Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and other bioproducts is also gaining interest due to the availability of novel genetic manipulation tools. Furthermore, besides its widespread use as a probiotic, other biotechnological applications of B. licheniformis strains include: bioflocculation, biomineralization, biofuel production, bioremediation, and anti-biofilm activity. Although authorities have approved the use of B. licheniformis as a feed additive worldwide due to the absence of toxigenic potential, some probiotics containing this bacterium are considered unsafe due to the possible transference of antibiotic resistance genes. The wide variability in biological activities and genetic characteristics of this species makes it necessary to establish an exact protocol for describing the novel strains, in order to evaluate its biotechnological potential.

Alessandra Scano, Sara Fais, Giuliana Ciappina et al.

Background: <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> is a pathobiont that plays a dual role as both a commensal and a pathogen. The oral cavity typically harbors this anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. At the same time, it is closely linked to colorectal cancer due to its potential involvement in tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. The mechanism by which it transforms from a commensal to a pathogen remains unknown. For this reason, we investigated the role of oxidative status as an initiatory factor in changing the bacterium’s pathogenicity profile. Methods: A clinical strain of <i>F. nucleatum</i> subsp. <i>animalis</i> biofilm was exposed to different oxidative stress levels through varying subinhibitory amounts of H₂O₂. Subsequently, we investigated the bacterium’s behavior in vitro by infecting the HT-29 cell line. We evaluated bacterial colonization, volatile sulfur compounds production, and the infected cell’s oxidative status by analyzing <i>HMOX1</i>, <i>pri-miRNA 155</i>, and <i>146a</i> gene expression. Results: The bacterial colonization rate, dimethyl sulfide production, and <i>pri-miRNA 155</i> levels all increased when stressed bacteria were used, suggesting a predominant pathogenic function of these strains. Conclusions: The response of <i>F. nucleatum</i> to different oxidative conditions could potentially explain the increase in its pathogenic traits and the existence of environmental factors that may trigger the bacterium’s pathogenicity and virulence.

Islam Alagawani, Feng Wang

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have recently emerged as significant causes of respiratory disease outbreaks, with the novel coronavirus pneumonia of 2019, known as COVID-19, being highly infectious and triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding virus–host interactions and molecular targets in host cell death signalling is crucial for inhibitor development. Among the promising targets for inhibitor development is the main protease (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication. While current research has focused mainly on covalent inhibitors, growing attention is being given to non-covalent inhibitors due to their potential for lower toxicity and improved resistance to viral mutations. This literature review provides an in-depth analysis of recent <i>in silico</i> approaches used to identify and optimise non-covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It focuses on molecular docking and robust molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technologies to discover novel scaffolds with better binding affinities. The article summarises recent studies that pre-screened several potential non-covalent inhibitors, including natural constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, and anthraquinones, using <i>in silico</i> methods. The <i>in silico</i> approach, pivotal to developing small molecules of Mpro non-covalent inhibitors, provides an efficient avenue to guide future research efforts toward developing high-performance Mpro inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, representing the latest advancements in drug design.

T. Collins, R. Margesin

J. Bausch

The analysis of lipids remains at the periphery of the biotechnology arena. Methods for analysis of lipids still center around the proven methods of thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and, more recently, high performance liquid chromatography. Advances have been made recently in understanding the biological role of lipid-conjugated molecules. Encapsulation of active substances in lipids is receiving more attention in order to achieve cellular penetration.

Junhui Liu, Hua Shuai, Jingwen Chen et al.

The effective separation of acetylene (C2H2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene (C2H4) presents considerable challenges in the petrochemical industry. In this work, we report a novel sulfate-pillared (SO42–) ultra-microporous material, denoted as SOFOUR-DPDS-Ni (SOFOUR = SO42–, 4-DPDS = 4,4′-dipyridyldisulfide), for efficient C2H2 capture from both CO2 and C2H4. The sulfate pillars play a crucial role in inducing robust negative electrostatic potentials within the intralayer cavities and interlayer channels, thereby facilitating the selective recognition of C2H2. As a result, SOFOUR-DPDS-Ni demonstrates a remarkable C2H2 adsorption capacity of 1.60 mmol g–1 at 0.01 bar, an exceptional selectivity of 174 for the 50/50 C2H2/CO2 mixture, and a high selectivity of 65 for the 1/99 C2H2/C2H4 mixture. These impressive metrics position SOFOUR-DPDS-Ni as a promising adsorbent for benchmark C2H2 separations. Dynamic breakthrough experiments validate its outstanding performance in separating C2H2 from both the CO2 and C2H4 mixtures. Computational simulations reveal the strong interactions between C2H2 and sulfate pillars, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms driving the adsorption process.

Shuo Wei, Felix Kwame Amevor, Xiaxia Du et al.

Abstract Background Granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, ferroptosis, and other programmed cell death processes are markers of follicular aging. Quercetin has been shown to reduce ferroptosis, however, its effects on ferroptosis in poultry remains unexplored. Our preliminary study identified ferroptosis in aging ovaries. Therefore, in the present study, 540-day-old Mountain Plum-blossom chickens were fed with quercetin supplementation at varying doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg), and examined its molecular effects on GC ferroptosis using an in vitro Erastin-induced model. Results The results showed that quercetin supplementation significantly increased egg production, which confirmed its potential to alleviate ferroptosis in chicken ovarian tissue. The in vitro experiment revealed that quercetin and Fer-1 (positive control) mitigated Erastin-induced ferroptosis in GCs. Further, transcriptome analysis revealed that quercetin modulated key genes such as acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and transferrin receptor (TFRC), involved in ferroptosis regulation. The results further showed that quercetin also reduced Erastin-induced apoptosis and inflammation by modulating the expression of genes and proteins related to apoptosis and inflammatory factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10). Conclusion Taken together, the results showed that quercetin improves egg production performance in chickens and mitigates ovarian ferroptosis in aging hens, and inhibits Erastin-induced ferroptosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in GCs. These findings revealed the protective role of quercetin in poultry ovarian tissue and its cellular mechanisms against detrimental factors in poultry production. Graphical Abstract

Bin ZHANG, Yuanyou LIN, Baolong YUAN et al.

【Objective】The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and iron nutrients on the growth of Oocystis borgei were explored, and the optimal nutrient formula was selected to provide references for its efficient and large-scale cultivation.【Method】Single factor test was used to analyze the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and iron nutrients on the growth of O. borgei, to obtain the best nutrients and their respective concentrations. Orthogonal tests were conducted to optimize the factors that had a great impact on the the growth of O. borgei. Finally, the optimal nutrient formula was obtained.【Result】The results of the single factor test showed that the optimal sources and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and iron sources for O. borgei were CO(NH2)2 160 mg/L, C3H7Na2O6P 8 mg/L, NaHCO3 1 g/L, and FeCl3 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The results of the orthogonal tests showed that the effect of each nutrient on the growth of O. borgei ranked as: phosphorus source > nitrogen source > carbon source, and phosphorus source had the most significant effect on the growth of O. borgei (P < 0.05). The optimal formula was: CO(NH2)2 120 mg/L, C3H7Na2O6P 12 mg/L and NaHCO3 2.5 g/L. Under the optimal condition, the algal cell density reached 22.07×106 cells/mL, which was 12 times higher than that before optimization (1.74×106 cells/mL).【Conclusion】The optimal nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and iron sources and concentrations for O. borgei were determined and the optimal nutrient formula was obtained by optimizing the conditions, which significantly increased the algal cell density.

Yuntao Li, Shan Gao, Kangxiang Qin et al.

Carbonate saline-alkali water has significant potential in the development of saline-alkali fisheries, but the effects of bicarbonate stress on crustaceans have not been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the changes in osmotic regulation, immune, and antioxidant capacity of the Scylla paramamosain at 1, 7, and 28 d at different carbonate concentrations (CK: 220 mg/L; AB1: 300 mg/L; AB2: 380 mg/L; AB3: 700 mg/L), and conducted transcriptome analysis. The results showed that Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the gills of the AB3 group was significantly lower than that of the AB2 group, while the AB2 group was lower than the CK group and the AB1 group (P<0.05). CA activity was positively correlated with bicarbonate concentration, while the AB3 group was significantly higher than the other groups. ALT and AST in groups AB1 and AB2 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and roughly returned to their initial levels at 28 d, while AB3 continued to increase with time and was significantly higher than the initial level. At 28 d, ACP and AKP in the AB3 group were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The MDA content in the hepatopancreas also showed similar trend, with a positive correlation between the T-AOC, GSH and bicarbonate concentration. At 28 d, the AB1 group was able to recover to its initial level, while the AB3 group decreased with time and reached its minimum value at 28 d. Transcriptomic analysis identified 283 DEGs, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed antioxidant pathways, including the ascendate and alderate metabolism, were up-regulated to cope with stress. In addition, it shows many immune related pathways, including the mTOR signaling pathway, were significantly down-regulated. This study explores the effects of bicarbonate stress on the S. paramamosain, providing theoretical guidance for the utilization of carbonate saline-alkali water.

A. A. Onifade, N. A. Al-Sanè, A. Al-Musallam et al.

A. Aguilar, T. Twardowski, Roland Wohlgemuth

Bioeconomy is an emerging paradigm under which the creation, development, and revitalization of economic systems based on a sustainable use of renewable biological resources in a balanced way is rapidly spreading globally. Bioeconomy is building bridges between biotechnology and economy as well as between science, industry, and society. Biotechnology, from its ancient origins up to the present is at the core of the scientific and innovative foundation of bioeconomy policies developed in numerous countries. The challenges and perspectives of bioeconomies are immense, from resource‐efficient large‐scale manufacturing of products such as chemicals, materials, food, pharmaceuticals, polymers, flavors, and fragrances to the production of new biomaterials and bioenergy in a sustainable and economic way for a growing world population. Key success factors for different countries working on the bioeconomy vary widely from high‐tech bioeconomies, emerging diversified or diversified bioeconomies to advanced and basic primary sector bioeconomies. Despite the large variety of bioeconomies, several common elements are identified, which are simultaneously needed altogether.

L. Blank, T. Narančić, J. Mampel et al.

The envisaged circular economy requires absolute carbon efficiency and in the long run abstinence from fossil feedstocks, and integration of industrial production with end-of-life waste management. Non-conventional feedstocks arising from industrial production and societal consumption such as CO2 and plastic waste may soon enable manufacture of multiple products from simple bulk chemicals to pharmaceuticals using biotechnology. The change to these feedstocks could be faster than expected by many, especially if the true cost, including the carbon footprint of products, is considered. The efficiency of biotechnological processes can be improved through metabolic engineering, which can help fulfill the promises of the Paris agreement.

Adam C. Fisher, M. Kamga, C. Agarabi et al.

There is a trend across the pharmaceutical sector toward process intensification and continuous manufacturing to produce small-molecule drugs or biotechnology products. For biotechnology products, advancing the manufacturing technology behind upstream and downstream processes has the potential to reduce product shortages and variability, allow for production flexibility, simplify scale-up procedures, improve product quality, reduce facility footprints, increase productivity, and reduce production costs. On the upstream side of biotechnology manufacturing, continuous perfusion cell cultures are fairly well established. However, truly integrated continuous biomanufacturing requires the uninterrupted connection of continuous unit operations (upstream and downstream) with no isolated intermediate or hold steps occurring between them. This work examines the current scientific and regulatory landscape surrounding the implementation of integrated continuous biomanufacturing.

Hasnat Tariq, Saaim Asif, Anisa Andleeb et al.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds