Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

Zaki Ahmed, Ali Al-Kifaie Abbas M.

Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles demonstrate significant antibacterial properties combined with facile synthesis potential. This study examines the concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterization reveals agglomerated, irregularly shaped nanoparticles with crystalline sizes ranging from 35.73 to 71.49 nm, exhibiting semi-spherical morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms polycrystalline structure with rectangular tetrahedral geometry. Antibacterial assessment shows pronounced inhibition zones, with E. coli exhibiting maximum sensitivity at 0.08 g nanoparticle concentration. The crystalline structure and morphological characteristics correlate with observed antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting structure-dependent biological activity. These findings highlight the potential of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents, with implications for biomedical and industrial applications.

Aparna Mariyam Thomas, Guilherme G. Verocai, John Soghigian et al.

The caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) is a keystone wildlife species in northern ecosystems that plays a central role in the culture, spirituality and food security of Indigenous People. The Arctic is currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of climate change, including warming temperatures and altered patterns of precipitation. These environmental changes can facilitate the transmission of arthropod-borne parasites, such as filarioid nematodes.Filarioids are an important cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in Rangifer in Fennoscandia, however, much of the ecology and epidemiology of these parasites in caribou in North America, including Canada, remains unknown. We aimed to determine the parasitic diversity and geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in three Canadian designatable units (DU) of caribou (barren-ground, boreal and Dolphin & Union) from Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Newfoundland & Labrador. Genomic DNA extracted from 768 blood samples was screened for filarioid nematodes using real-time PCR. The positive samples were Sanger sequenced to identify the parasite present. Based on the sequencing results, we identified Setaria yehi and Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. We then standardized a TaqMan probe based duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) protocol for the simultaneous detection of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. Based on real-time PCR results, 8/768 samples were positive. Setaria yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. were present in 4 separate samples (0.5%) each. Using ddPCR, 68/192 samples were positive (35.4%). Setaria yehi DNA was detected in 57/192 positive samples (29.7%), O. cervipedis s.l. DNA was present in 22/192 samples (11.5%) and 11/192 samples (5.7%) had co-infections. Setaria yehi was detected in all three DUs tested. Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. were found in barren-ground and boreal caribou, but not from the Dolphin and Union caribou.Through this broad-based survey and through developing and implementing advanced molecular methodologies, we have documented the apparent distribution and diversity of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. in parts of three Canadian DUs of caribou. The knowledge gained from this study provides baseline data and methodology for the further elucidation of the epidemiology of these parasites in North America.

Walid El Kayal, Maya Salameh, Diana Nacouzi

ABSTRACT Avocado (Persea americana) stands out as one of the most significant crops globally. Due to its abundance in essential nutrients and phytochemicals, its consumption and commercialization have notably surged in recent years. The interplay between genotype and environment profoundly influences fruit maturity dates and physicochemical attributes. This study aimed to assess the transcript levels of genes involved in hormone regulation and biosynthesis in avocado fruits, correlating their expression with the crop's physiological characteristics across varying altitudes during maturity and ripening stages. The study focused on five prevalent avocado varieties: Fuerte, Hass, Pinkerton, Lambhass, and Reed. Sixteen genes participating in diverse metabolic pathways and five hormones: Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, Gibberellic acid, and Zeatin were quantified over the harvesting season across seven locations in Lebanon. Results revealed a notable correlation between the expression of certain genes and hormone levels in the tested varieties, contingent upon both variety and location. Phytohormone quantification exhibited significant variations across locations compared to varieties. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics were evaluated, with principal component analysis demonstrating a positive correlation between some quantified phytohormones and maturity indices among varieties and locations. This study significantly advances our understanding of the intricate relationship among phytohormones, altitudes, fruit maturity, and ripening processes across five of the most common avocado varieties.

Imad Ali, Maryam Bayati khatibi, Sadra Karimzadeh

This study aimed to delineate groundwater recharge zones using a combination of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy-AHP, and frequency ratio (FR) models. Additionally, it aimed to compare the effectiveness of these models in groundwater recharge potential zone mapping. To achieve these objectives, nine groundwater influencing factors were considered, including geology, soil types, lineament density, elevation, slope, topographic wetness index, drainage density, land use land cover, and rainfall. Thematic maps for all these factors were generated using satellite and conventional data in the ArcGIS environment. Weight was assigned to each thematic layer based on its significance to recharge. All thematic layers were combined using AHP model-l (WLC), AHP model-ll (Weighted sum), fuzzy-AHP overlay, and FR-based model using ArcGIS. The findings revealed that 15% and 39% of the study area have high recharge potentials according to AHP-based model-l and model-ll, respectively. The FAHP model demarcated 43% of the area as high recharge zones while the FR model demarcated 42% of the area as high recharge zones. The majority of high groundwater recharge areas were found in the central part of the study area, while the southern part was demarcated as a moderate recharge zone. The eastern and western parts were demarcated as low recharge potentials zones. To validate the accuracy of these models, the study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) validation curves. The ROC curves revealed that AHP model-ll had the highest accuracy (AUC=89%) followed by the FAHP model (AUC=88%), AHP model-l (AUC=84%), and FR (AUC=81%)...

Horațiu Silviu Ilea

The article presents the traditional costume of the shepherds from the Eastern Carpathians, from an historical perspective, using narrative, bibliographic, iconographic, folklore, and archival sources. The muruite [smeared] shirts treated with soot become regional and occupational signs in the mountain area of ​​Bistrița, Maramureș, and Bucovina regions.

Xing Luo, Jun Ge, Yipeng Cao et al.

Abstract Land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) can influence surface temperature through local and nonlocal biophysical processes, which remain inadequately addressed. In this study, we separate the local and nonlocal effects of historical (1850–2014) LULCCs based on model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We also attempt to explore the sources of intermodel differences in the effects of LULCCs. The multimodel mean shows a cooling effect of −0.05°C (with an intermodel range of −0.24–0.06°C) at the global scale due to cropland and pastureland expansion, consisting of dominant nonlocal cooling of −0.06°C (with an intermodel range of −0.26–0.06°C) and slight local warming of 0.01°C (with an intermodel range of −0.01–0.05°C). The modeling results show some clear consistency in the effects of LULCCs despite considerable intermodel uncertainties. The local effects cause warming at low latitudes and cooling in boreal regions via changes in upward shortwave radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes. The nonlocal effects mainly cause cooling via decreases in downward longwave radiation and increases in upward shortwave radiation. Intermodel differences in the total effects are dominated by those in the nonlocal effects, which are further attributed to divergent changes in downward longwave radiation and sensible heat flux across the models. This study highlights the importance of the nonlocal effects of LULCCs in terms of strength and intermodel uncertainty, with implications for designing land‐based solutions aimed at climate change mitigation.

Fiandhika Muhammad Fajar, Kelana Bayu

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a well-known method for quickly evaluating usability. Although SUS corresponds more strongly with user preference, quantitative data like SUS score is challenging to express in absolute terms. Therefore, the research aims to explore the validity of SUS evaluation results of an e-budgeting system from the expert perspective. With a comparative study approach, the research compared each of the 10 SUS indicators’ scores with the result of the qualitative usability evaluation. Data were obtained from three usability experts, who conducted Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation, the SUS measurement, and interviews. The research obtained two main findings. Firstly, no entirely valid scores of SUS indicators were found from three usability evaluations of the three usability experts. Secondly, only the score of ease of use shows significant relevance to the heuristic evaluation and interview result. Those findings may provide new insights when evaluating usability.

Muhammad Amin, Andi Annisa Tenri Ramadhani, Rasdiana Zakaria et al.

To evaluate carbonaceous components in the ambient air in the eastern region of Indonesia, 35 Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) samples were collected on four characteristic roadsides on Sultan Alauddin Street, in Makassar City, using a high-volume air sampler. The average TSP concentration was 279.7 μg/m³, which exceeded both the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of Indonesia and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The highest concentration reached 838.6 μg/m³ in the GR (gravel) site, which had the highest number of vehicles and was near a U-turn. TSP concentration was higher during peak hours (morning and late afternoon) than off-peak hours (noon). The main component of the total carbon (TC) fraction was organic carbon (OC), which showed a strong correlation with elemental carbon (EC) (r values for the morning, noon, and late afternoon were 0.89, 0.87, and 0.97, respectively), indicating that the carbon components were derived from common sources. TSP had a strong correlation with carbon components, except for char-EC. OC vs. soot-EC and EC vs. soot-EC also correlated well, suggesting the dominant influence of vehicle exhaust emissions. Non-exhaust emissions had a slight influence during peak hours, particularly at the GR site.

Yang Peng, Yao Minfang, Chen Chunyi et al.

Achieving the dual carbon goal is a profound and challenging social transformation. The difficulty is mainly reflected in the fact that economic growth is usually linked to energy consumption. In today's society, no country or industry can completely abandon traditional energy, and the use of traditional energy, namely fossil fuels, would bring carbon emissions. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions while ensuring economic growth and achieving the dual carbon goals is an important issue at present. This article conducted a series of carbon emission analysis and carbon reduction path research for power generation enterprises, which are the major emitters of carbon emissions, based on the background of dual carbon goals.

Dzhamirze Ruslan, Malysheva Nadezhda, Ostapenko Nadezhda et al.

Breeding of agricultural plants, rice in particular, is a fundamental factor in providing the country's population with a sufficient amount of high-quality products. Hence, the level of breeding achievements and agricultural technologies determines the food security of the country and the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. The scientifically based introduction of new, better varieties into production contributes to the growth of not only the yield, but also to an increase in the yield of products and an improvement in its quality. Therefore, the role of the variety as a means of agricultural production in modern agriculture is undoubtedly important. The paper presents the results of a breeding program on developing large-grain rice variety Vector, capable of forming a high grain yield - 9.0-10.0 t/ha with high technological indicators - 89.5% of head rice content with 69.8% of the total milling yield, which in conversion is approximately 62.4% of the head rice in the grain mass. At the same time, new rice variety Vector, according to grain size, belongs to the category of large-grain varieties with a mass of 1000 grains - 34.5 g with an average filminess of 17.7% and vitreousity - 83.5%. Also, during the study period (2020-2022) of the new rice variety Vector, resistance to the Pyricularia pathogen was found in natural conditions. With artificial infection, the disease development index averaged 37.0%, which corresponds to medium resistance. Based on the results of the work, the Vector variety was submitted for state testing (SVT). A comprehensive and positive assessment of the SVT will allow it to be entered into the State Register and recommend the variety for cultivation in the conditions of Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea.

José Carpio-Pinedo, Manuel Benito-Moreno, Patxi J. Lamíquiz-Daudén

Land use mix is one of the cornerstones for urban sustainability, in opposition to functional segregation and zoning policies. Land use mix is a prerequisite for urban proximity dynamics, healthier lifestyles and public space vitality. However, methodological shortcomings to its measurement remain and are responsible for the unexpected weak association with pedestrian activity. This study puts forward a novel method to reframe, measure and map land use mix as ‘walkable trips’, a closer approach to its benefits based on functional and spatial complementarity. The method draws on newly available cadastral microdata at the parcel-level that, combined with trip generation rates and network analysis tools, enable a detailed assessment and mapping of potential for walkable trips, as well as a proxy to the spatial patterns of urban vitality, in line with the principle of the 15-minute city. The method is applied to the case of the Madrid metropolitan area.

Zhao Xin, Ti Haowei, Ma Ding

It has been more than ten years since I started to study business management. There is no doubt that the modern management discipline originated with the West, and the West is the birthplace of modern management theories and methods. This kind of management theory and method, which originated from the industrial revolution in the West, took enterprises as the basic management unit, and relied on the two mechanisms of market economy and technological revolution. Western management concepts have been widely disseminated and applied around the world, deeply affecting the management practices of companies around the world. The strategic positioning of an enterprise is determined by the trend of the external environment and the destiny of the enterprise. The destiny of an enterprise is a management element that cannot be ignored, just like what Buddhism said: "Bodhisattva will also lose cause and effect."

Jackie Lei Tin Ong, Russell Arthur Smith

Older cities with significant physical historic resources have become increasingly important centers for urban tourism, though contemporary attractions and events are often important in their own right. It is acknowledged that urban areas are multifaceted agglomerations where tourism complements other economic sectors and competes with them for limited resources. A limited investigation of the temporal dynamics of change of tourism in cities has been undertaken in the several countries in Europe and North America. Much less has been studied for the countries of Southeast Asia where tourism has expanded rapidly over the past several decades, a trend that is projected to continue. Urban tourism has and will continue to be important in Southeast Asia. This paper reports on the spatial modeling of the evolution of tourism in two historic cities in Southeast Asia that seeks to better understand the dynamics of temporal change of tourism within their respective urban contexts. The cases of Bangkok and Jakarta have been compared with the Ashworth and Tunbridge model to identify conformity and otherwise of Asian cases with the European theory.

Rosa Parisi

<p>The parent-child relationship is a dynamic, socially and legally constructed relationship. The relationship between filiation and parenting calls in play the ties between social construction and ideology of kinship and its normative determination. Through the analysis of two sentences on lesbian and gay parenting, we analyze the way in which the request for the legal recognition of homoparenting produces a circulation of cultural, symbolic and scientific references between society and the courts. These judgments call in play the legal relationships and the actions of the subjects capable of producing new legal regulations and new representations of family, parenting and filiation ties.</p>

Kulvinder Kour , Sanjay Sharma

There is a growing awareness all over the world about the various adverse impacts of green house gas emission and the consequent climate change. Trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store the carbon in their trunk, branches and roots. Generally, extensive tree wealth exists outside continuous forested areas in every country termed as ‘Trees Outside Forests’ (TOF) which also serve as the world’s most important carbon sink. The present study was conducted in the plains of district Samba, J&K. On the basis of classification, the classes of TOF selected for the study in the area were agriculture fields, strips along the link roads, distributaries/canals, defence ditches as well as sample plots in sacred groves. Out of the total growing stock, biomass and carbon sequestered in the study area, sacred groves accounted for the highest values for growing stock (497.95 m3/ha), biomass (257.13 t/ha) and carbon (123.43 t/ha) followed by agricultural fields i.e. growing stock (17.61 m3/ha ) biomass (9.19 t/ha) and carbon (4.5 t/ha) whereas least in case, along defence ditches i.e. growing stock  (0.73 m3/ha) biomass (0.41 t/ha) and carbon (0.19 t/ha). Among all the tree species in the study area Ficus benghalensis showed highest value of average growing stock, biomass and carbon followed by Ficus religiosa.

Suleyman Zora, Gorkem Aybars Balci, Muzaffer Colakoglu et al.

In this study, thermal behaviours of the athletes were investigated with respect to thermal comfort and exercise intensity. The relationship between an index for analysing thermal comfort (Predicted Mean Vote: PMV) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which shows exercise intensity and exhaustion level was evaluated. Eleven moderately trained male athletes ( V ˙ O2max 54 ± 9.9 mL∙min−1∙kg−1) had volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; Body surface area (BSA): 1.93 ± 0.1 m2; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; V ˙ O2max: 54 ± 9.9 mL∙min−1∙kg−1). Experiments were carried out by using a cycle ergometer in an air-conditioned test chamber which provided fresh air and had the ability to control the temperature and relative humidity. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to maximal oxygen consumption levels of the participants. Statistical analyses were conducted with the whole study cohort as well as the two separated groups. There was a moderate correlation between PMV and RPE for whole cohort (r: −0.51). When the whole cohort divided as low and high aerobic power groups, an average correlation coefficient at high oxygen consumption cohort decreased to r: −0.21, while the average correlation coefficient at low oxygen consumption cohort increased to r: −0.77. In conclusion, PMV and RPE have a high correlation in less trained participants, but not in the more trained ones. The case may bring to mind that thermal distribution may be better in high aerobic power group in spite of high RPE and thus the relation between PMV and RPE is affected by exercise performance status.

EVERTON LAZZARETTI PICOLOTTO, ALFIO BRANDENBURG

ResumoAs preocupações ambientais têm influenciado os projetos políticos e a construção das pautas das organizações de agricultores familiares. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como estas preocupações foram assimiladas pela Federação dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura Familiar da região Sul (FETRAF-Sul), na região Sul do Brasil. Com base em pesquisa documental e entrevistas com lideranças de agricultores fez-se uma leitura sobre o processo de construção da pauta ambiental no sindicalismo. Desde meados da década de 1980, o tema ambiental vem se fazendo presente nas preocupações sindicais, entretanto, a forma como ele vem sendo entendido muda ao longo dos anos. Se em um primeiro momento tendia a ser associado com as consequências negativas da modernização da agricultura, no período mais recente o tema ambiental vem sendo colocado no centro do projeto de agricultura do sindicalismo e passa a fomentar uma possível positivação do modelo de produzir da agricultura familiar.

Henryk Wisner

Prince Janusz Radziwiłł – the responsibility of a politician In 1654, Moscow broke the peace treaty with the Kingdom of Poland and started military operations. Sweden followed suit in 1655. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (which had been part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569), deprived of Polish aid, was unable to resist the combined forces of Moscow and the Cossacks. What’s more, the military operations were accompanied with the extermination and abduction of the population into the Muscovite state. In this situation, Lithuania decided to choose the lesser of two evils and subject itself to Sweden. The idea originated from the bishop of Vilnius, Jerzy Tyszkiewicz, but the major role in the negotiations was played by Janusz Radziwiłł (1612-1655), voivode of Vilnius and the Grand Hetman of Lithuania. As a result, he is considered a traitor in Poland. In Lithuania, he was proclaimed a hero who severed the much-criticized relationship with Poland. According to the author, the Prince did not make a choice between Poland and Sweden, but between Sweden and complete annihilation. The question to be asked is not whether the Prince’s decision was an act of betrayal (this also needs to be further specified: who did he betray? Poland? The Crown? Or also Lithuania?). One needs to ask: how should a person who feels responsible for their country have behaved when faced with such insurmountable odds?