Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Yang Fan, Jiachen Feng, Jiqiang Cao et al.

The cotton spinning process encompasses multiple interconnected stages where raw cotton properties fundamentally influence downstream product quality. This study addresses the complexities inherent in multi-stage quality prediction by developing a novel deep learning framework that synergistically combines Transformer-based feature extraction with multilayer perceptron prediction capabilities. The proposed model effectively integrates static cotton-blending parameters with dynamic process indicators captured across pre-spinning, spinning, and winding operations. Comprehensive experimental validation demonstrates the framework’s superior performance in the classification task of internal quality level prediction, substantially outperforming conventional machine learning approaches in terms of precision and mean squared error metrics. This research contributes a scalable and interpretable methodology for advancing intelligent quality control systems within the cotton spinning sector.

Mahdi Hosseini, Milan Gaff, Petr Konvalinka et al.

Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRPCs), which utilize renewable lignocellulosic fibers, present a compelling, low-carbon alternative. These materials offer substantial environmental benefits. Furthermore, their low density and high specific stiffness (e.g. flax rivaling E-glass on a weight-normalized basis) make them structurally appealing for lightweight, prefabricated elements in high-rise applications. This critical review synthesized contemporary research on integrating NFRPCs into precast modular structures, rigorously assessing their structural viability, material variability, and long-term durability. The analysis confirmed that NFRPCs are immediately viable for high-performance, secondary applications, such as façade cladding and partition systems. In these roles, they exhibit intrinsically beneficial properties, including a very low thermal conductivity (~0.05–0.15 W/m K) and high acoustic absorption (~0.4–0.8), offering superior integrated thermal and acoustic performance compared to traditional inert materials. Durability is challenged by the hygroscopic nature of lignocellulosic fibers, leading to significant moisture absorption, interface weakening, and substantial mechanical degradation, with retained strength potentially dropping to 40–60% of initial values under severe hygrothermal or alkaline exposure. Compounding this, the high inherent variability of natural fibers results in a large coefficient of variation (~0.30–0.40), which necessitates the use of highly conservative material partial safety factors (~1.8–2.2) in reliability-based design, thereby severely limiting the material’s usable load-bearing capacity.

Marta Goliszek-Chabros, Omid Hosseinaei

High production costs and sustainability issues are the main factors limiting the widespread application of carbon fibers in various industrial sectors. Lignin, a by-product from the paper and pulping industry, due to its high carbon content of up to 60%, can be considered a potential replacement for polyacrylonitrile in carbon fiber production. The production of lignins with distinct molecular weight distributions as well as group functionalities is essential to enhance high-value applications of lignin. In this study, we present a simple, green solvent-based fractionation method for LignoBoost softwood kraft lignin to obtain a lignin fraction with tailored physicochemical properties for electrospun carbon fiber production without polymeric spinning additives. Sequential solvent extraction was used to produce two fractions with distinct molecular weights: low-molecular-weight softwood kraft lignin (LMW-SKL) and high-molecular-weight softwood kraft lignin (HMW-SKL). The lignin fractions were characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the molar mass distribution. The thermal properties of lignins were studied using thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hydroxyl group content was quantified using quantitative ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. We successfully demonstrated the electrospinning of a high-molecular-weight lignin fraction—obtained in high yield from the fractionation process—without the use of any additives, followed by thermal conversion to produce electrospun carbon fibers. The presented results contribute to the valorization of lignin as well as to the development of green and sustainable technologies.

Anggun Tri Atmajayanti, Yanuar Haryanto, Fu-Pei Hsiao et al.

This study experimentally and numerically investigated the effectiveness of fiber-core steel wire ropes (FC-SWRs) in enhancing the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams using a bonding technique. The investigation focused on deflection, flexural load-carrying capacity, and failure modes, along with key behaviors such as ductility, stiffness, energy absorption, and steel strain response. Two beams were tested under four-point bending until failure—one serving as the control specimen and the other strengthened with bonded FC-SWRs to improve its flexural behavior. Additionally, an analytical study was conducted using a computer program based on the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), and the results were compared with experimental findings. The validation of the analytical model enabled further parametric investigations, examining the influence of the FC-SWR diameter, modulus of elasticity, and steel reinforcement ratio on flexural performance.

Boyoung Lee, Hyo-seon Ryu

This study revisits black dyeing methods documented in 23 pieces of European and American literature from 1700 to 1899, revealing the complexity and adaptability of pre-synthetic black dyeing practices. Black was achieved exclusively through compound processes, most notably by D subtractive mixing of primary colors and iron-tannate precipitation on colored grounds such as blue or fawn. The research highlights the interplay between technological advances, regional expertise, and economic factors that shaped the selection of dyes, mordants, and auxiliary agents. Dyer’s language—specialized terminology describing shades, processes, and local methods—emerges as a crucial component for standardizing and transmitting technical knowledge. By reconstructing formulation and procedural details, this investigation provides a critical foundation for the preservation, interpretation, and revival of durable black dyeing techniques in both heritage conservation and sustainable contemporary practice.

Cristiana Pereira, Tânia V. Pinto, Raquel M. Santos et al.

Increasing economic and environmental concerns arising from the extensive exploration and dependence on fossil fuel-based materials have encouraged the search for eco-friendly alternatives. Fibers based on biomass-derived materials have been attracting growing interest. Among other features, the mechanical performance of bio-based fibers needs to be improved to effectively compete with their counterparts and emerge as viable substitutes. This review presents scientific advancements in the development of naturally derived fibers, and strategies for their production with tailored mechanical properties. The potential of natural precursor-based fibers for their conversion into high-performance carbon fibers is also emphasized. Studies reporting the mechanical properties of bio-based fibers developed by wet spinning are identified, analyzed, and discussed. These studies show that cellulose is the most studied material, while Ioncell technology is identified as the most suitable method for producing cellulose-based fibers with the highest tensile strength. Studies have also demonstrated that silk fibroin exhibits tensile strength and elongation at break ranging from 300 to 600 MPa and 30 to 50%. Although several novel processes have been explored, there are still challenges that need to be addressed for bio-based fibers to become feasible options, and to boost their usage across industries.

Mohammad Toufiqul Hoque, Tian Benrui, Thomas Grethe et al.

Cellulosic materials like cotton and linen are excellent textile substrates for dyeing with reactive and direct dyes. Due to their cellulosic nature, cotton and linen exhibit good affinity towards direct and reactive dyes. This good affinity is the reason for good washing and rubbing fastness. Chitosan is a bio-based polymer gained by the deacetylation of chitin. In contrast to cellulose, chitosan exhibits also amino functional groups. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate if a chitosan based pretreatment of cotton and linen can lead to different dyeing properties. After different chitosan based pretreatments, the color properties are determined by CIEL*a*b* indices. The rubbing fastness in dry and wet conditions is measured. Even if in the actual study no positive effects were determined by pretreatment of chitosan, the determined results could be utilized in future research to develop other functional treatments of cotton and linen materials with implemented chitosan.

Abdul Basit, Abdur Rehman, Kashif Iqbal et al.

In this work, 10 yarn samples were prepared through ring spinning with different ratios of Tencel, cotton, polyester, and recycled polyester fibers. These yarns were converted into knitted fabrics by a sample knitting machine, and their mechanical and comfort properties were investigated. The mechanical tests were comprised of bursting strength and pilling tests, whereas tests of comfort properties included air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal resistance. It is found that the fibers of Tencel/cotton and virgin polyester/recycled polyester with blended ratios of 40/20 and 20/20, respectively, give better mechanical and comfort properties than other blended ratios and the “chief value cotton” (CVC) (60:40) blend. CVC (60:40) is a conventional blend comprising 60% cotton and 40% virgin polyester that is being used for summer clothing. Therefore, by analyzing statistically and comparing different blends, it is established that Tencel/cotton and virgin polyester/recycled polyester with blended ratios of 40/20 and 20/20, respectively, not only offer better mechanical and comfort properties, but the consumption of unsustainable virgin polyester and cotton fibers can also be decreased by 60%.

Marta Tosik, Ryszard Korycki, Elzbieta Radaszewska et al.

The aim of this article is to conduct an analysis leading to the optimization of industrial safety related to the use of a cotton fabric automatic screen printing press. The author’s multistage algorithm, i.e., the analysis-synthesis-minimization procedure, brings effective solutions to the issue in question. There are several risk factors at the printing press workstation and its environment, which are identified by employee surveys, scorecards and airborne samples testing. The risks are visualized by the fishbone/Ishikawa diagram. In accordance with the Fine–Kinney method, a set of 70 scorecards assessing occupational risk is applied to support the identification of critical hazards, which is next re-analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hierarchically assessed risk factors related to the use of a printing press are easy to be minimized by organizational and technical solutions which are intended to be implemented at the workplace.

Hussien Mohammed, Nachiappan Sukumar

In this investigation, an engineered loop-bonded nonwoven fabric was developed using recycled cotton and recycled acrylic blended fibers with polyester thread for warping in Arachne stitch bonding machine by varying the fabric weight, blend ratio, and course spacing in different levels of treatment combinations. Acrylic and cotton fibers were extracted by recycling weft knitted cut pieces (garment waste). The developed loop-bonded nonwoven fabrics were tested for its abrasion resistance, water penetration resistance in hydrostatic pressure, and air permeability behavior. The air permeability decreased with the increase in cotton content in the blending composition, thickness, stitch density, and fabric weight. The abrasion resistance increased with the increase in thickness, fabric weight, and thread density with optimum level. The investigated cotton/acrylic blended nonwoven have attractive properties for its better absorbency, lower electrostatic charge generation, superior comfort, disposability and sanitation value, faster drying properties, better durability, a highly-desirable luxurious soft hand, improved thermal resistance, air permeability and moisture vapor transmission, higher productivity, lower production costs and shorter production cycles.

Tekin Selen, Kanat Seher

Nowadays, intensive rivalry forces enterprises and brands to strive for differentiation. Use of marketing strategies, which can allure the consumers, effectively is one of the ways of differing oneself from one's rivals. Sensory marketing strategy, which affects the buying behavior and perception of consumers by alluring their senses, is one the marketing strategies whose importance and use have increased in recent years. This strategy also has been intensively used by enterprises that produce and market clothing products, which are one of the basic needs of consumers. In this context, this research study aims to analyze the effects of sensory marketing on clothing-buying behavior. The research aims to reveal how consumers in Turkey, which is one of the leading global clothing exporters and at the same time which is one of the significant markets, are affected by sensory marketing factors during the clothing purchase process. In accordance with the aim of the research, a survey was conducted of consumers who live in the three biggest cities of Turkey and whose ages are 18 and over. The data, which were obtained from field research, were analyzed statistically and suggestions are made to enterprises and brands that produce clothing products and/or market clothing products, on the basis of the study's findings.

Tamil Moli Loganathan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Qumrul Ahsan et al.

This study aims to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the strength and stiffness of Cyrtostachys renda (CR) leaf stalk fibers, which could potentially serve as reinforcement for polymer composites. Chemical treatment was performed with NaOH concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% at a soaking time of 1 and 2 hours. The tensile strength, interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and the surface morphology of the fibers were investigated. Based on statistical analysis, the concentration of NaOH significantly affected the tensile strength, while both the concentration of NaOH and treatment duration influenced the IFSS. Increases of 130% in tensile strength and of 423% in interfacial shear strength for the fiber treated at NaOH concentration of 3% at 1 hour soaking time were found, as well as an increased crystallinity index by 12% compared to untreated CR fiber. SEM analysis revealed that shrinkage of hollow structure by the NaOH treatment occurred and subsequently fiber get denser. It can be concluded that fiber treatment with 3% NaOH for 1 hour soaking time is ideal to enhance the fiber properties. Therefore, alkali (NaOH) treated CR fiber could be a potential candidate as reinforcement in polymer composite for structural and automotive components.

Dariusz Zielonka, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Edyta Derkowska et al.

The colonization of soil and roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the formation of spores under the influence of fertilization with phosphogypsum and sewage sludge were examined. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was carried out in soil and in roots of outdoor experimental hemp plantation. Assessment of the colonization was carried out by molecular and microscopic methods. The material for the isolation of DNA consisted of soil samples taken from mycorrhizal soil and hemp roots of cv. Białobrzeskie, cv. Tygra, and cv. Beniko. In nested PCR reactions part of the small subunit (SSU) region, the region of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of large subunit (LSU) rDNA region were amplified. As a result of the cloning and sequencing of the DNA, it was found that the greatest similarity of the obtained sequences present in the samples of roots and soil was to the following species: Diversispora sp., Funneliformis sp., Glomus sp., Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus caledonium, Funneliformis geosporum, Glomus occultum. The colonization by the fungi was estimated and found to differ depending on the hemp cultivar and doses of fertilizers. Cultivar Tygra showed no negative impact on biomass production by intensive mycorrhization, proved its high tolerance to phosphogypsum and sewage sludge pollution, and responded positively regarding biomass production.

Yutaka Kawahara, Taiyo Yoshioka, Hideaki Minami et al.

Herein, the anesthetization of Bombyx mori silkworms via the water narcosis treatment by soaking in room-temperature water for 1 h was found effective in keeping the tensile strength of its forcibly spun silk filament comparable to that of naturally spun silks. However, at a treatment time of 3 h, a marked decrease in the tensile strength of the forcibly spun filaments was observed owing to the interference of the applied force in the forcibly spinning with the inherent naturally spinning system of Bombyx mori silkworms. Compared with naturally spun cocoon filaments, evidence of disordering in the crystal modification of silk fibroin by the forcibly spinning suggests that variations to the forcibly spinning conditions may affect the quality of the silkworm fibers.

Jerzy Witek, Bronisław Psiuk, Zdzisław Naziemiec et al.

Nowadays, asbestos waste still remains a serious problem. Due to the carcinogenic properties of asbestos, which are related to its fibrous structure, the exposure to asbestos mineral and asbestos-containing materials (ACM) causes dangerous health effects. This problem can be solved by recycling techniques, which allow the re-use of neutralized asbestos waste, instead of disposing it in special landfills. The article presents the results of research aimed at investigating the possibility of obtaining aggregates from asbestos waste by the fusion process in the electric arc-resistance process. A mixture of ACM with selected fluxes was were melted and then cast to form a grain of aggregates. The chemical composition of the material was determined before and after the melting process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to evaluate the effects of the fusion process. The main properties of the obtained aggregate were also measured. The results confirmed that the fibrous structure of asbestos was destroyed in the obtained material, which can be successfully used for the production of artificial aggregates.

M. Hosseinkhani, M. Montazer, S. Eskandarnejad et al.

Following our previous research for simultaneous in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles and wool fiber fineness using sulfur-based reducing agents, here we focused on optimization of the process using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken Design was applied to study the influence of variables including silver nitrate percentage, reducing agent concentration, temperature and time of the procedure, and their appropriate values for the highest fineness, lowest tenacity reduction and lowest color change were obtained. Here we tried to optimize the preparation conditions using a weak reducing agent namely sodium bisulfite to achieve the equivalent fineness modification but with reduced fiber damage.

Simona Vajnhandl, Alenka Majcen Le Marechal