Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

R. Plamondon, G. Lorette

S. Kathariou

Long Yun, Xiangping Xue, Zhaohui Sun et al.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the zooplankton community in the important estuarine areas of Qinhuangdao Sea in the Bohai Sea, analyze the variation characteristics of the zooplankton community, and explore the construction and evolutionary mechanisms of its community structure and function. We conducted zooplankton monitoring in the four seasons of 2024 at Daihe Estuary (DHK), Yanghe Estuary (YHK), Shihe Estuary (SHK), Tanghe Estuary (THK), and Luanhe Estuary (LHK). The results showed that the diversity index and richness index in summer were significantly higher than those in winter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Based on the body size, feeding habits, reproduction types, life cycles, and escape abilities of zooplankton, the zooplankton in the ecosystem were divided into 17 zooplankton functional groups. The zooplankton examined in this study were divided into 11 functional groups. Except for THK, the dominant functional groups in other estuaries in all seasons were SCF (Small copepods and claocera filter feeders) and LCF (Large copepods and claocera filter feeders); PP (Protozoan photosynthetic autotrophs) and PB (Protozoan bacterivores) functional groups dominated THK. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA multivariate statistical analysis revealed that interspecific competition, PO₄³⁻-P, NO₂⁻-N, and SAL were the primary driving factors influencing community construction. The spatial-temporal variations in T, PO₄³⁻-P, NO₂⁻-N, and SAL in the five estuaries were evident, and the pH and DO in the water environment exhibited a high degree of overlap in seasonal changes. The density of zooplankton functional groups was significantly positively correlated with PO₄³⁻-P, NO₃⁻-N, NO₂⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N and SAL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the SCF and LCF functional groups played a dominant role. According to the analysis of niche overlap and AC interspecific association, it was shown that zooplankton populations in small-scale areas mostly exhibited negative correlations dominated by competition and predation. In contrast, the functional groups of zooplankton in large-scale areas mostly demonstrated mutually synergistic facilitative relationships. The results of this study showed that interspecific relationships are more important for the community structure of zooplankton. This study contributes to understanding the responses of primary producers and primary consumers to water environmental changes in estuarine ecosystems, laying a foundation for further analyzing the mechanisms of zooplankton community construction and survival strategy selection in special estuarine habitats. It also provides references for the scientific management of estuarine areas and the avoidance of pollution risks.

Lifei Xu, Yuyu Liao, Jun Liu

The study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics, evolution rules, and driving factors of 138 China's national agricultural cultural heritage sites from 2013 to 2021 at the overall and regional levels, using kernel density analysis, Centres for standard deviation ellipse analyses, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and geographical detector analysis.The results showed that: ①From an overall perspective, the spatial pattern of China's national agricultural cultural heritage changed greatly from 2013 to 2021, with a highly uneven spatial distribution, gradually showing a distribution pattern of "widely distributed, locally concentrated". The spatial distribution of China's national agricultural cultural heritage is increasingly evident, and the spatial distribution type has evolved from discrete to clustered. The spatial distribution center of gravity shows a shift trajectory of "north-east, then south-east". During the study period, the X axis of the standard deviation ellipse was always greater than the Y axis, but the difference between the X and Y axes was small, indicating that the spatial distribution direction was northeast-southwest, but the directionality was weak. The types of national agricultural cultural heritage are diverse and rich, involving farmland landscapes, composite systems, crop varieties, vegetables and melons, tea, forest fruits, special products, farmland irrigation, and animal breeding, in which forest and fruit class heritage site dominate. ②From a regional perspective, the spatial distribution of China's national agricultural cultural heritage varies greatly, with strong national and regional characteristics. The high-density core area of the national agricultural cultural heritage in 2013 was located in the intersection of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. After 2017, the high-density core area moved northward to the Yangtze River Delta region, which was caused by a combination of economic, cultural, and geographical factors. In addition, the agglomeration of the intersection edge area of Guizhou, Hunan and Yunnan provinces has emerged in 2021. In analyzing spatial autocorrelation, drawing on existing relevant research results, the study selected county-level administrative districts as the research unit. The analysis results show that there is a positive spatial correlation between China's national agricultural cultural heritage sites in 2017 and beyond, with the spatial distribution types mainly being LL and LH. During the study period, the number of LL and HH type areas has been increasing, indicating that the positive spatial correlation between China's national agricultural cultural heritage sites is gradually strengthening.③In terms of influencing factors, the spatial pattern of China's national agricultural cultural heritage is affected by factors such as regional economic development level, policy guarantee, transportation accessibility, cultural environment, per capita economic development level, population status, primary industry economic development level, secondary industry economic development level, tourism resource endowment, temperature, precipitation, terrain, and rivers. Among them, the impact of tourism resources, regional economic development level, and policy guarantees are more significant. The explanatory power of the interaction between any two factors is greater than that of a single factor, and there are differences in the strength of the interaction between each influencing factor.

Wei YANG, Hongshen JI, Junhui LIAO et al.

Understanding the effect of main extracts of capsicum, a general name of a series of capsaicinoids and capsinoids substances, on exercise performance can provide a basis for the application of this substance in sports. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the research on main extracts of capsicum and exercise performance based on selected articles published in peer-reviewed journal over the past 20 years. The results show that: The main extracts of capsicum are effective for improving aerobic endurance, anaerobic, muscle strength and high intensity intermittent exercise performance. The mechanism by which the main extracts of capsaicum enhancing muscle explosive strength, maximum strength, anaerobic performance is related to the increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration and neuromuscular junction acetylcholine release and improving aerobic endurance, muscle endurance, high-intensity intermittent exercise performance is related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vasodilator, and increasing energy contribution from fat. Future research needs to focus on more exercise types and subject groups, special environment, chronic intervention, dose-effect relationship, mechanism confirmation, and application of capsiate. In summary, the main extracts of capsicum can improve the exercise performance, and it may have a wide application prospect in sports.

Olga P. Marinenko

Introduction. The various challenges faced by international students encourage educational scholars and practitioners to advocate for the development of assistance and support activities targeting this group of students. The scientific justification of the study rests on the lack of empirical studies investigating the specific demand of international students for support activities organized by universities. The aim of the study was to find out the most important types of university support sought by international students. In addition, the study was to determine which university staff should be involved in assisting international students. Materials and Methods. The main research method used was a group survey conducted in the spring of 2023 at the Belarusian-Russian University and covering 96% of the entire contingent of international students. A questionnaire including 14 types of supportive initiatives was developed for the survey. In the course of the study, respondents assessed the significance of the proposed types of support on a four-level scale. The SPSS Statistics program was used to process the results. Results. The results showed that the main forms of support for international students were facilitating problem-oriented meetings and increasing extracurricular initiatives. In addition, international students perceived the support provided by university lecturers as slightly less important. Specifically, the following forms of faculty support were ranked in the following order: giving international students additional time to formulate their answers, optimizing academic assignments, distributing printed lecture materials, and facilitating individual consultations. Finally, relatively less important types of support were considered by international students to be learning a special adaptation course and being accompanied by senior students or faculty mentors. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study confirmed the need to improve the educational environment at the university, thereby contributing to the identification of precise measures to assist and support international students. The contents of this paper will prove valuable to researchers working in comparable academic fields and practitioners seeking to improve the standard of education for international students. The results may also form the basis for further research into the development of activities to support international students.

Gulshat Sarsenova, Kuralai Joldassova, Baktybek Sultanaliev

The scientific task of the nozzle scheme uses for formation of an air cushion by using the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure, simultaneously to form an air cushion, as well as to create the driving force of a load-bearing web, was formulated and the main idea of the work was defined. The optimal option to significantly increase the productivity and length of special types of conveyors is to use the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure simultaneously as an air cushion and as the driving force of the load-carrying body, which makes it possible to sharply reduce the coefficient of resistance to movement of the load-carrying body and improve its operating conditions. Supporting the load-carrying body with an air cushion allows to increase the speed of movement to 8 to 9 m/s and more, increase the reliability and safety of conveyor operation, and protect the environment.

Yu. Yu. Pavlova

The article analyzes the resource potential of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, which impacts the development of niche types of tourism in the region and identifies key reasons for fostering a higher demand for incountry tourism. The necessity to develop tourism of special interests was shown and quest-tourism was identified as one of its promising trends. The authors studied quest-tourism and proposed its definition and classification that can give an opportunity to investigate it in detail. Recommendations and principle lines in quest-tourism development in the region were provided. The analysis of quest-tourism showed deficit of quest-rooms in the Leningrad region, which can seriously decrease its potential. Apart from that, problems of organizing interactive programs for people with limited health possibilities were highlighted. The article pointed out to opportunities to form a new line in quest-tourism, i. e. inclusive quest and to development of inclusive quest-tours. Variants of inclusive quest-tour organization were shown and their topicality and expedience were grounded. The authors demonstrated the importance of creating comfortable conditions in quest-tours for people with limited health possibilities and studied key lines in providing accessible environment for this group of tourists. Findings of the research can be useful for business-community and regional bodies of administration responsible for the development of tourist industry.

fatemehmarzieh hosseinikashani, hassan bossaliki

The growing population of female preachers and the wide range of issues related to women, in the scientific and cultural environment of society and the direct influence of female preachers on family members, require special attention to the matter of propagating women and the need to promote their activities. This study aims to promote women's religious preaching, by identifying the harms and providing solutions, with the approach of religious preaching ethics, among the pillars of religious preaching of preachers (including preacher, message, and audience). Among the many issues related to the preacher, the "covering (clothing) of the preacher" has been chosen and the question has been raised that "in the field of clothing of female preachers what harms the morals of their religious preaching and what are the roots of these harms?" The method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The data was obtained by interview method and analyzed by thematic analysis technique. The findings suggest that the concepts of wearing brands, unadorned clothing and unconventional clothing refer to types of female preachers’ clothing, which are all considered inappropriate, and the reason for choosing this type of clothing is the lack of recognition of appropriate clothing, the inability to choose appropriate clothing, and the inadequacy of the Islamic Seminary’s educational system. Secondly, the themes of fashionable clothing and formal wear are related to two types of ideal clothing is a challenge that neglecting the narratives as a reason for fashionable clothing, excesses in fashionable clothing, the context of the preaching region, the living standards of the preacher, and the confusion of examples of fashionable and unconventional clothing, have caused this challenge and should be considered.

Yeming Zhang, Demin Kong, Yan Shi et al.

The research on biomimetic robots, especially soft robots with flexible materials as the main structure, is constantly being explored. It integrates multi-disciplinary content, such as bionics, material science, mechatronics engineering, and control theory, and belongs to the cross-disciplinary field related to mechanical bionics and biological manufacturing. With the continuous development of various related disciplines, this area has become a hot research field. Particularly with the development of practical technologies such as 3D printing technology, shape memory alloy, piezoelectric materials, and hydrogels at the present stage, the functions and forms of soft robots are constantly being further developed, and a variety of new soft robots keep emerging. Soft robots, combined with their own materials or structural characteristics of large deformation, have almost unlimited degrees of freedom (DoF) compared with rigid robots, which also provide a more reliable structural basis for soft robots to adapt to the natural environment. Therefore, soft robots will have extremely strong adaptability in some special conditions. As a type of robot made of flexible materials, the changeable pose structure of soft robots is especially suitable for the large application environment of the ocean. Soft robots working underwater can better mimic the movement characteristics of marine life in the hope of achieving more complex underwater tasks. The main focus of this paper is to classify different types of underwater organisms according to their common motion modes, focusing on the achievements of some bionic mechanisms in different functional fields that have imitated various motion modes underwater in recent years (e.g., the underwater sucking glove, the underwater Gripper, and the self-powered soft robot). The development of various task types (e.g., grasping, adhesive, driving or swimming, and sensing functions) and mechanism realization forms of the underwater soft robot are described based on this article.

Mirela-Cristina VOICU

Emotion always had a special power, influencing the decisions of individuals and causing them to act in one way or another. In classical economic theory, consumers play the role of rational individuals making decisions based only on relevant information using conscious thinking. Unfortunately, conscious thinking requires a significant amount of energy from the individual, which has led to the evolution of the human body by limiting this type of thinking, to increase efficiency. Thus, the human brain has come to process unconsciously almost all communication signals in the environment (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.), through implicit processes controlled by the limbic system ("the emotional brain"). As a result, many consumer decisions are made unconsciously and are based on emotions. It is also well known that consumers' purchasing decisions are driven by two types of needs: functional needs, satisfied through product functions, and emotional needs associated with the psychological aspects of product possession. Emotion is one of the most important motivators for purchasing, representing an important strategic element in the organization's marketing activity, giving meaning and depth to the experience with a brand or a product. In the age of strategic-relationship marketing, emotion plays a key role. In this context, the following paper reveals important aspects regarding the necessity of understanding how emotions influence consumer behavior together with ways in which emotions can be used in the company’s marketing activity.

Muhammad Afzal Jamali, Mhammad Hassan Agheem, Rafique Ahmed Lashari et al.

Natalia Moscovskaya, Anna Kobysheva, Nikolay Marchenko

The article deals with the problems of teaching foreign languages to people with visual impairment in the system of inclusive education in Russia. The authors analyze the «special needs» of this category of students in teaching the proper linguistic aspects of the studying language (phonetics, vocabulary, grammar) and the problems arising in the process of mastering each of the types of foreign speech activity (reading, speaking, writing and listening). Special attention is paid to the psychological peculiarities of students with visual impairment, manifested in the learning process, the recording ofwhich is critical for the successful mastery of a foreign language and the adaptation of blind and visually impaired students to the general school environment.

Karpova Maria V., Roznina Nina V., Esembekova Aliya U. et al.

The livestock sector plays a special role in the formation of the rural economy and the life of society, performing a wide range of different functions. Agriculture, as a result of its activities, provides new jobs, in connection with which unemployment is reduced, there is also a decrease in rural migration, there is a change in the competitive environment, as a result of which the needs of the food market are being satisfied. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of animal husbandry on the development of the territory of the Kurgan region is the goal of our study. The article examines the development trends of the industry on the example of the Kurgan region. The influence of the development of animal husbandry on the provision of food security in the region has been studied. Such indicators as the volume of agricultural products for all types of categories, livestock, production of basic livestock products by categories of farms in the Kurgan region for 2016-2020 were considered and analyzed.

Estebanez Jean, Boireau Pascal

This article introduces the Parasite issue dedicated to part of the research in social sciences supported by the Domaine d’Intérêt Majeur de la Région Île-de-France (DIM) One Health [2016–2022]. We show how the four papers of this special issue are related. Jérôme Michalon recalls the genealogy of One Health and analyzes it as an “epistemic watchword”. Using antibiotic resistance as a case study, Estera Badau demonstrates how “One Health” results from a series of formulas and the bringing together of a plurality of fields and actors. Nicolas Lainé and Serge Morand show how One Health fits in with attempts already initiated in the colonial period and context. They highlight the need to (re)legitimize local and non-human knowledge, in order to truly decolonize One Health and better prevent epidemic emergence. Finally, Frédéric Keck, Nicolas Lainé, Arnaud Morvan and Sandrine Ruhlmann show how zoonotic reservoir and cultural practices are linked in the context of three specific societies. This paper highlights two main contributions of social sciences: 1) To think about One Health genealogy, how the question is framed and by which actors. The questions of practices, social representations but also of the environment are less present than the issues of human and animal medicine. The Anthropocene, the Capitalocene, even some of its variations such as the “domesticoscene” thus appear to be key elements. 2) To propose methods and tools that make One Health operational, advocating a less asymmetrical view of types of knowledge (scientific, local, non-human) and more contextualized global health recommendations.

D. Burchart-Korol, S. Jursová, P. Folęga et al.

Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are the future of road transport in both Poland and the Czech Republic and offer significant potential for reducing air pollution and increasing life comfort, especially in crowded city centers. This paper presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of EVs in Poland and the Czech Republic, considering the life cycle from cradle to grave, with a special focus on the production of the electricity required to charge EV batteries. The analyses included the current and future energy systems (from 2015 to 2050) used to charge EV batteries in the both countries. A comparative analysis of EVs and passenger vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEVs) was carried out. In addition, the analyses considered scenarios of smart grids from which the energy for the charging of EV batteries could be supplied exclusively from renewable sources. The results showed that the environmental burden of current and future EVs is higher in Poland than in the Czech Republic for all analyzed impact categories and that this result is primarily related to the type of electricity used to charge EV batteries. The comparative analysis of EVs and ICEVs showed that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel depletion in Poland and the Czech Republic, both at present and in the future, will be lower in the case of EVs than in the case of ICEVs. However, the acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, and particulate matter formation caused by EVs are higher than those caused by ICEVs. The results showed that EVs coupled with renewable electricity sources offer the potential to reduce the negative impacts on the environment. It was concluded that the main determinant of the environmental impact of EVs is the type of electricity used to charge EV batteries. This is the first attempt at a comparative LCA of EVs in Poland and the Czech Republic. It is also the first approach that includes analyses of the LCA for both the present and future electricity production systems used for charging EV batteries.

S. Mujumdar, P. Joshi, Neha Karve

Bioemulsifiers (BE) and biosurfactants (BS) are considered as multifunctional biomolecules of 21st century because of their functional abilities and eco‐friendly properties. They are produced by various microorganisms under versatile and extreme environmental conditions. They have tremendous applications in various industries such as petroleum, food, medicine, pharmaceutical, chemical, paper & pulp, textile, and cosmetics. Currently, they are also considered as “green molecules” because of their wide applications in bioremediation of soil. Their importance has been increasing day by day in the global market as they are the natural resources with high‐aggregate value. Although, there are numerous reports on BE and BS production by different bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. acquired special attention among all. This is because it is the earliest member known for the production of bioemulsifier. Emulsan and Alasan are the best examples of the commercially used BE produced by Acinetobacter spp. These BE are mainly used in microbial enhanced oil recovery and biodegradation of toxic compounds. This review is focused on BE and BS produced by Acinetobacter spp., their characterization and applications in different fields. This is the first review on genus Acinetobacter which defines independently about different types of BE and BS produced by it. It will also address the need of exploration of these molecules from various sources and their applications for the benefit of mankind and sustainable environment.

Liudmila Makhina, Olga Orlova

Due to increasingly larger role of remote technologies the current educational reality is closely related to reduction of time devoted to live interactions between the participants of the educational process. Certain detachment of students from real intercourse may result in growing pressure in communication field, with the representatives of other countries, in particular. At the same time, socialization of modern young people is happening in the environment of prospering society's ideas of consumption, when moral self-identification becomes an issue, an issue of state safety as well since it affects decisions made by a person. In this connection works dedicated to moral development of personality in the modern society from the perspective of cross-cultural communication, i.e. dedicated to development with due consideration of national specifics of main moral concepts in target-language countries, seem to be relevant for the foreign language teachers. Purpose of the conducted study is development of exercises for students studying foreign languages based on linguistic and cultural analysis of concepts of moral field, &quot;druzhba&quot; (friendship) and &quot;Freundschaft&quot;, supporting formation of a productive language personality. This goal has been achieved by methods of componential analysis of dictionary definitions, contextual use, by comparative study of above mentioned moral concepts in folk literature. The conducted investigation resulted in development of a list of efficient, cross-culturally relevant types of exercises for thorough examination of specifics of moral concepts &quot;druzhba&quot; (friendship) and &quot;Freundschaft&quot;. Materials and results of the study can be applied in development of training courses and special courses on cultural linguistics, cross-cultural communication, in practical foreign language teaching; they can be used in further studies of concept field &quot;friendship&quot; in various world cultures.

Elena Luybyshkina

The article deals with the types and forms of work of public organizations in the Don and the North Caucasus in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Based on the characteristics of the region under consideration, due to the special multicultural environment that distinguishes the Don and the North Caucasus from other territories that have no analogues in Russia, regional public organizations are represented by branches of all-Russian societies, directly regional self-organizing societies and associations that reflect the intraregional specificity. Public organizations in the Don and the North Caucasus were created in line with the all-Russian process of development of civil associations. The article shows that there were both wide-profile public organizations, combining different forms of work and types of assistance, and narrowly targeted public organizations in the Don and the North Caucasus. The activity of agricultural public organizations, educational, scientific and intellectual, health, national, charitable, cultural, aesthetic, moral and educational societies for the improvement of villages and cities is considered. The work of agricultural societies was important in the process of deepening the specialization of agricultural production in the region: gardening and vine-growing associations, societies for the development of beekeeping and horse breeding. The activities of educational societies were aimed at overcoming the problems of illiteracy and providing various forms of assistance in expanding access to education, to the establishment of schools, libraries, Sunday schools, evening courses, conducting lecture campaigns and public readings. Charitable public organizations conducted work on the establishment of charitable undertakings, payment of benefits, assistance in education and health, employment management. The qualitative indicators of the work of public organizations affecting a wide range of problems allows the author to speak about the active civic stance of members of voluntary public associations.

Kseniia Rozhak-Lytvynenko, Vita Нorupakha

На сьогоднішній день відкриті експозиційні простори представляють особливий інтерес, як один із типів міських загально-рекреаційних просторів і об’єктів ландшафтної архітектури, що мають науково-технічну, соціальну, економічну та культурну значимість. Експозиції під відкритим небом знаходили застосування ще в давнину, і вже тоді їх вважали ефективним джерелом інформації. Вони організовувались найчастіше з метою публічної демонстрації результатів будь-якого творчого процесу, видів мистецтва, досягнень в різних сферах, відображення і популяризація історично цінних об’єктів біологічних видів представників флори та фауни і т.д. — у вигляді штучно створеного предметно-просторового середовища під відкритим небом. В даний час виставкова діяльність розглядається як форма рекламних комунікацій. Аналізуючи розвиток експозиційних просторів і комплексів можна відзначити, що в основі творчих задумів авторів завжди був пошук оригінальних архітектурно-планувальних і мистецьких рішень, які відображали, в тому числі, розвиток науки і техніки. Крім того, сама тематика експозиції є важливим фактором організації предметно-просторового середовища. Експозиційна активність ботанічних садів в Україні, як і в інших країнах, має велику значимість і набуває виняткової популярності. Очевидно, що при правильній подачі царство рослин здатне вразити уяву більшості людей, і досвід провідних ботанічних садів світу на даний момент це вже наочно довів. З часом приходить усвідомлення того, що роль ботанічних садів в суспільстві повинна неухильно зростати, а спектр діяльності — розширюватися, і це пов’язане, перш за все, зі зростаючими потребами суспільства, але також, багато в чому, і з економічною моделлю існування ботанічних садів, державне фінансування яких в наш час практично припинилося. Саме тому ботанічним садам в Україні потрібно відновити практику проведення різних ботанічних, садівничих, рослинницьких, ландшафтно-архітектурних та інших виставок і фестивалів. Today, open exhibition spaces are of special interest as one of the types of urban general recreational spaces and objects of landscape architecture that have scientific, technical, social, economic and cultural significance. Open-air exhibitions have been used since ancient times, and even then they were considered an effective source of information. They were organized most often for the purpose of public demonstration of results of any creative process, kinds of art, achievements in various spheres, display and popularization of historically valuable objects of biological species of representatives of flora and fauna, etc. — in the form of an artificially created object-spatial environment under the open sky. Currently, exhibition activity is considered as a form of advertising communications. Analyzing the development of exhibition spaces and complexes, it can be noted that the authors’ creative ideas have always been based on the search for original architectural, planning and artistic solutions, which reflected, inter alia, the development of science and technology. In addition, the theme of the exhibition is an important factor in the organization of the subject-spatial environment. The exposition activity of botanical gardens in Ukraine, as well as in other countries, is of great importance and is gaining exceptional popularity. Obviously, with the right feed, the plant kingdom is able to impress the imagination of most people, and the experience of the world’s leading botanical gardens at the moment has already proved this. Over time, comes the realization that the role of botanical gardens in society must grow steadily, and the range of activities - to expand, and this is due primarily to the growing needs of society, but also, in many respects, with the economic model of botanical gardens, public funding of which in our time has virtually ceased. That is why botanical gardens in Ukraine need to resume the practice of holding various botanical, horticultural, plant, landscape-architectural and other exhibitions and festivals.