Introduction Recent legislation in the UK regarding requirements for new developments to increase biodiversity may have significant implications for the environment and population health. Despite this, relatively little is known regarding the health and social benefits of increasing biodiversity in densely populated urban areas.Methods and analysis This protocol outlines plans for a mixed-method, longitudinal, natural experiment study which will evaluate the planned, biodiversity-focused redevelopment of six small urban parks in Edinburgh, Scotland (UK). Using systematic observation (at baseline, 1 month post-intervention and 1 year post-baseline) and a longitudinal household survey (at baseline and 1 year post-baseline), the primary outcomes of personal well-being, and secondary outcomes of nature connectedness and park usage behaviours, will be assessed, respectively. Consent for data linkage of respondent’s health records will also be sought. Process evaluation will employ semi-structured, qualitative interviews with stakeholders and walk-along interviews with local residents in order to understand implementation processes. Space-related well-being will also be assessed using citizen science approaches.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the University of Edinburgh’s School of Health in Social Sciences ethics committee. This study will provide further evidence for policymakers, the public and researchers of the health and social well-being effects of urban biodiversity interventions. Study findings will be disseminated via public forums such as community workshops and through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at scientific conferences.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the legal aspects of mobilization and social (civic) responsibility, their features and manifestations during the period of martial law. The interrelationship between them and the manifestations of the processes associated with them is also analyzed. In addition, it is emphasized that mobilization and civic responsibility are one of the key components of successful defense of the Motherland.
Summary of the main results of the study. Mobilization processes and subsequent military service during martial law are regulated by the legislation of Ukraine, in particular, Constitution of Ukraine, the laws «On military duty and military service», «On mobilization training and mobilization», «On the defense of Ukraine», «On the legal regime of martial law», «On the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine», the Regulation on the completion of military service by citizens of Ukraine in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated 10.12.2008 № 1153/2008. Approaches to the definition of the concept of «mobilization» from the perspective of legislation and from the point of view of scientists have been analyzed. The definition of the concept of «martial law» and the number of possible numbers in the usual regime and in a special state have been determined. It is noted that the constitutional obligation applies to all citizens of Ukraine, both men and women. At the same time, the percentage ratio of the number of representatives of the female and male sexes is demonstrated with the help of a diagram. The diagram also shows the change in the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine before and after the full-scale invasion of the russian rederation into the territory of our Motherland.
The concept of «civic responsibility», as a form of social responsibility, is defined, which is considered by scientists in different ways, but directly relates to the personality of a citizen. Next, the relationship between civic responsibility and mobilization, how they influence each other, is considered. It was determined that the formation of civic responsibility among representatives of the country's population affects the desire for voluntary military service during the mobilization period, and later – for contractual military service. In addition, the author's opinion regarding the expression of the fact of the formation of civil responsibility of the population during their stay in the rear was presented.
Conclusions. Reasoned conclusions based on the presented material about the specifics of the definitions of the concepts «mobilization» and «civic responsibility»; on the specifics of the fulfillment of the constitutional duty to protect the Motherland by the citizens of the country, the total number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which increased by 2.7 times during the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, which is a reason to claim that the citizens of Ukraine have developed civic responsibility and joined the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations not only as a fulfillment of a constitutional duty. In addition, the author emphasizes that the formation of this type of responsibility consists not only in readiness to protect the Motherland, but also in other aspects, in particular, volunteering, helping and supporting military personnel and their families, participation in events, observance of public order, especially during the wartime period state.
This article examines the stimuli and implications of the employment decentralization trend within the European Union, highlighting the spiral in self-employment. The demarcation between traditional dependent employment and self-employment has culminated in the evolution of distinct legal frameworks and protective measures. These frameworks traverse substantive labour laws, social security provisions, health insurance, and tax structures, each meticulously designed to cater to the specific needs and attributes of workers within these separate employment categories. Given the escalating prominence of the self-employment domain, there’s an emerging imperative for a re-defined labour legislation strategy. This strategy aims to harmoniously combine freedoms and self-employment with the EU’s foundational principles, including solidarity, equitable treatment, and robust social protection.
The article examines the provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation on the principles of family law, the opinions of scientists on the legal content of the principles and basic concepts of family law. Attention is paid to the proposals of scientists to supplement the principles of family law, proposals are given to expand the principles of family law. The relevance of the problem. Family is the most important component of every person’s life, for many it is the meaning of life, support, support and inspiration for growth, development and achievement of the goals that each person sets for himself. The family is a value of constitutional significance, since it is a universal, inalienable and inalienable good that is protected by the State. Recognizing the confidential nature of relationships in the family, the State establishes only general principles for regulating legal relations related to the family, as well as the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of individual family members belonging to certain social groups. However, being not only a legal, but also a social state, it pays great attention to the development and improvement of legislation in the family sphere, including the expansion and modification of the principles of family law. Currently, the process of preparing a Concept for improving the legislation regulating the relations of children and parents is underway. It seems that other aspects of family legal relations may also be rethought. Considering that it is the principles that will serve as the basis for both existing and future legal relations related to the family and its members, it seems appropriate to show not only the development of the principles of family law by scientists and specialists, but also to propose principles that characterize a modern family with consolidated interests, but with personal freedom and equal rights of its members. The main goal. The main purpose of the article is to consider certain issues of a publiclegal and private-legal nature, proving the expediency of changing fundamental provisions in family legislation aimed at regulating family legal relations. The article also outlines the fundamental principles of family law, which are the basis for the relationship of subjects of family law and the foundation for the emergence of new foundations of family law. The problems under consideration. The article considers the issue of mixing in the Family Code of the Russian Federation the principles of family law, which can really be called the basic principles of family legislation and principles-ideas that are exclusively declarative, respectively, non-compliance with them cannot entail the responsibility of the violator. The methods used. In addition to general scientific methods, special research methods such as the comparative legal method and the formal legal method were used in the preparation of the article.
Conclusions. The article provides a brief analysis of the principles of family law, the opinions of scientists and their suggestions on the classification of the principles of family law, it is proposed to consolidate the principle of family secrecy in the Family Code of the Russian Federation, such principles of family law as the principle of freedom in family relations, the principles of family unity, family cooperation, family equality, the relevance of which is presumed in in modern society and is implemented in civil, housing and other legal relations.
With the rapid development of social informatization, the Internet has become an important channel for global information dissemination. The wireless network space and the real space are intertwined and have a significant impact on the political, economic, and cultural aspects of international society. For example, it can effectively solve the problem of information exchange between cities, regions, and countries. Wireless network crime and wireless network space security issues involve the development of information technology in various countries and, more importantly, involve all aspects of national security. In the age of science and technology, the current situation of cybercrime can be expressed by data as follows: the online crime rate is high. According to relevant statistics, nearly 5 million Internet users are involved in various cases every year due to the use of the Internet. This article starts with the digital forensics of wireless network crime and wireless network security management systems and discusses the composition, characteristics, existing problems, and future development directions of the current wireless network security management system. By comparing the wireless network security laws of China and the United States, using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-Gibbs model and the k-means algorithm to analyze the data, this article provides guidance for future research on wireless network space governance. The combination of digital forensics analysis based on cybercrime and space governance can improve the level of public security work. At present, the world has made some progress in cyberspace, but it still faces severe challenges. In the face of new situations and new measures, it is necessary to strengthen legislation, improve relevant systems, and strengthen supervision capacity. At the same time, it is necessary to establish perfect technical means and safeguards to ensure that this goal can be achieved.
This study aims to analyze the registration of hajj at this age in the study of the MUI fatwa No. 002/MUNAS X/MUI/XI/2020 and socio-economic theory studies. This study uses a qualitative research method based on literature study with primary data sources, namely the preamble of fatwa no. 002/MUNAS X/MUI/XI/2020 concerning registration of hajj at an early age and a book on economic sociology by Damsar and Indrayani. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis and description analysis techniques. The results of the study explain that Hajj registration at an early age to get a portion of the Hajj is legal (permissible), provided that the money used to register for Hajj is obtained in a lawful way, does not interfere with other costs that must be met, does not violate the provisions of the legislation. , does not hinder the implementation of Hajj for mukallaf who already have the obligation 'ala al-faur and have registered. Then the research also explains that socially registration for Hajj at an early age has the opportunity to create new social strata, where at an early age a person will be seen as respectable by his participation as a prospective Hajj participant. Whereas in the perspective of economic studies, participation from an early age can only be carried out by people with high economics.
The purpose of this article is to study the issues of legislative regulation of innovation clusters in the system of financial and tax law. Some aspects of the problems in the field of tax incentives for innovation clusters are studied. The priority goal of the study is to conduct an up-to-date analysis of legislative trends that accompany innovation clusters. The study contributes to the formation of approaches to the value, effectiveness and targeting of financial and legal incentives that affect the development of innovation clusters.At the same time, the authors proceeded from an interdisciplinary approach, since the problem of the legal status of innovation clusters inevitably affects the subject of regulation of various branches of law and has both constitutional and legal, financial, legal, civil, administrative and other aspects.For the most correct and uniform understanding of the elements of the social relations under consideration, the authors pay attention to the categorical and conceptual apparatus, which reflects intersectoral relations and the dual legal nature of the studied relations arising from the functioning of innovative clusters. Generalization and systematization of the main directions, trends of state policy on the development of legal regulation of innovation clusters made it possible to reveal the relevance and importance of financial support from public authorities as an incentive for innovative development of the economy.The interaction of sciences significantly increases the effectiveness of financial and legal research. Innovation clusters are also considered in the context of the relationship between law and economics. Only interdisciplinary approaches with indisputable consideration of foreign legislative experience, including law enforcement practice, should be the basis for scientific and legal understanding of the legal status of innovation clusters, stimulating the activity of innovation clusters as locomotives of the modern economy, developing financial and legal instruments that contribute to the effective implementation of cluster policy in the modern world. legal field.The conducted analysis of publications shows the absence of scientific monographic studies devoted to the study of the financial and legal nature of innovation clusters. The author believes that in the modern conditions of the development of the digital economy, which creates new challenges for innovation, the study of the financial and legal essence of innovation clusters is important and timely. For the most correct and uniform understanding of the elements of the social relations under consideration, the authors pay attention to the categorical and conceptual apparatus, which reflects intersectoral relations and the dual legal nature of the studied relations arising from the functioning of innovative clusters. Generalization and systematization of the main directions, trends of state policy on the development of legal regulation of innovation clusters made it possible to reveal the relevance and importance of financial support from public authorities as an incentive for innovative development of the economy.The article also notes the underdevelopment of the legislative and legal field of economic clustering and the negative impact of the legislative factor on its full development. Legislation in the field of innovation (clustering) is not systemic, it is dominated by numerous disparate by-laws, including those at the regional level.Much attention is paid by the author to the financial and legal essence and nature of innovative clusters as an organizational and legal form of attracting investments. The financial and legal essence of innovation clusters is determined by the following important factors. The legal regulation of investment clusters covers wide areas of the country’s public life and is part of the general financial and legal regulation of cash flows – investments that are included in the financial system of the state. Innovation clusters attract investments, which are one of the backbone categories of financial law. The main areas of financial and legal regulation of investment clusters also include the budget vector, which is realized through the effectiveness of the state as an investor through budget allocations. Obviously, the tax regulation of innovation clusters is characterized by an incentive-stimulating and mobilization orientation. The practical experience of the application of legislation in the area under consideration, as well as the most effective methods of stimulating innovation clusters are studied. The study was carried out on the basis of general scientific interdisciplinary and specific methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal, structural-functional).
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include several nutrition-focused goals. Nutrition has direct effects on the second and third SDGs, namely achieving zero hunger and good health and well-being, as well as indirect effects on the first, fifth, sixth, eighth, and seventeenth. Achievement of SDG goals is a prerequisite for meeting the global nutrition targets by 2025. Despite some improvement, Egypt is falling short of meeting the majority of the nutrition targets. From a public health nutrition perspective, there are several gaps in progress toward the SDGs related to nutrition policies, programs, or intervention levels. Political commitment, multisectoral cooperation, adequate financing, scaling up existing interventions, delivering new policies, and incorporating best practices into national policies are crucial for accelerating nutrition progress. Investing in data needed and the capacity to use it, health system capacity building, service providers training, informing beneficiaries, program monitoring and evaluation, and establishing a nutrition surveillance system to adequately inform policy formation are crucial to achieving the target. In order to provide nutrition interventions in an integrated manner, a multi-systems approach should focus on the food, health, water, and sanitation systems, as well as the education and social protection systems. The food system must support low-cost and nutritionally diverse diets, healthy food environments, and positive practices. In addition, legislation, labeling, taxes, and marketing regulations are significant. In generating evidence, science and academia play a crucial role in accelerating the progress of SDG targets. This article reviews the nutritional problem in Egypt and concludes that long-term sustainable development in Egypt cannot be achieved unless malnutrition is effectively addressed (especially in anemia among preschool and school children, exclusive breastfeeding, and overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults).
Gender equality is a matter for debate worldwide. In 2018, Portugal enacted legislation (Decree Law no. 62/2017) to balance gender representation on the executive boards of listed and public sector organizations with measures similar to those causing controversies in other countries. Thus, in accordance with previous research, a study took place to examine the attitudes towards the justice of this legislation and the role of merit in these attitudes. This study (n = 129 women and 94 men) deployed an experimentally manipulative type of affirmative action program to consider the role of individual perceptions of the justice of the legislation coupled with the influence of beliefs in meritocracy and participant gender. The results identify how the type of affirmative action impacted on the perceived justice, also influenced by merit, which seems normative and fundamental to evaluating the justice of such legally stipulated provisions. Nonetheless, objectively evaluating candidate merits revealed difficulties in disentangling this process from personality traits.
In any nation across the world, effective governance involves improving the lives of all, providing value for new generations, consistent allocation of duties and functions, accountable decisions, providing quality of information, transparency and responsibility, good performance, a strong legal system, and above all developing sustainability on all levels. Governance is rooted and established based on the collaboration and coordination among nations governments, organizations, and people. The sluggishness in setting such governance goals as well as the incapability of many governments, like the Lebanese one, to develop and execute adequate legislative and institutional initiatives coupled with the absence of corporate governance knowledge, given that organizations remain connected to their elderly conventional method to manage their businesses that are based on nepotism, corruption legislation, and sectarian distribution, represent a crucial challenge for any reform and good governance endeavor. This paper aims to approach the need for Lebanon to reconsider new governance strategy and organizational and institutional reforms, especially, in conjunction with the severe economic crisis facing the country, the explosion of the port of Beirut on August 4, 2020, and the awaiting implementation of CEDRE project. The analysis revealed that moving to a new perspective in a complicated social and political environment, like Lebanon, involves multiple aspects. As a result, an in-depth implementation of a New Lebanese Public Governance in Lebanon along with political stabilization must lead to a progressive structural administrative reform and change which will also contribute to boosting confidence with the international community and speed up the international financial donation and support that will help Lebanon to heal its wounds and rise again. The defiance is to figure out if this could be another lost opportunity.
The subject. The main issues of law enforcement activity on the application of administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for identified offenses in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that Russian legislation allows the resumption of activities after the expiration of the period of its suspension without eliminating violations of industrial safety.The methodology of research is logical analysis of Russian legislation, statistical data and judicial decisions concerning enforcement of administrative suspension of operations in Russia.The main results. There is an ambiguous approach in the scientific literature to fixing the administrative suspension of operations in the system of administrative penalties. The effectiveness of its application is noted by some authors. At the same time, there are adverse consequences associated with the application of administrative suspension of operations for the further production activities of economic entities. Social tension in the collective of enterprises, difficulties of recovery after forced downtime, unclear prospects for further economic activity – this is not a complete list of problems arising in connection with the administrative suspension of activity. When making a court decision, judges often appoint a fine as a penalty and rarely a penalty in the form of suspension of operations. This is due to the complexity of the actual realization of suspension of operations, the special social significance of objects; the lack of a specialist's conclusion about the real danger of an offense. But if violations of industrial safety are detected during the operation of hazardous production facilities, it is initially possible to assume a high probability of serious consequences for the life and health of people, the environmental safety. Administrative suspension of activities is carried out by both judicial and non-judicial control authorities. In authors’ opinion, the application of this type of administrative punishment should be exclusively in the judicial jurisdiction. The law enforcement judicial practice concerning administrative suspension of operations in Russia is not uniform.Conclusions. There is a legal uncertainty in the mechanism of imposing administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities (Article 9.1 of the Russian Code of Administrative Offences). The uncertainty is manifested in the fact that the economic entity does not always eliminate the detected violations within the legally established period and after the expiration of the period for which the activity was suspended, the company resumes its activities nevertheless. Such opportunity reduces the preventive value of this punishment.
There is no doubt that the crime news takes great interest from the social media and modern social media (such as Facebook, Lotus, Twitter and so on). These modern means play a real role in shaping public administration policy and people's attitudes, inclinations and minds, because of their significant impact on the change of people's intellectual, political and social attitudes that ultimately shape public opinion. Public opinion is a set of ideas and beliefs held by a wide range of people (the general public) on a life issue. Therefore, many government decisions may be reversed because of societal rejection. Hence, we say that public opinion is an inherent force once it is moved or provoked that can change a lot on the ground. Hence, this study shows the impact of social networks on the criminal justice system. We found that the publication of details of the crime, the news of the preliminary investigation and the secret trials have a clear impact on the proper functioning of criminal justice. In this spirit, and in order to ensure the proper functioning of criminal justice, the Jordanian legislator has drafted several provisions to protect this system and to guarantee human dignity and respect for humanity. It was found that the current legal texts in Jordanian legislation do not meet the ambition, so the study concluded a set of conclusions and recommendations to reflect the ambition we want in our legislation.
ABSTRACT This article addresses the dilemmas concerning legislation, individual autonomy and the reality of everyday life for people coping with dementia. We describe and analyse decision-making in relation to older people with dementia in Sweden, within the area of social work regulated by the Social Services Act and the Parental Act. Swedish legislation is based on the individual’s autonomy and capacity to consent to services without anyone having legal authority to decide on behalf of the individual. Based on data from interviews with family caregivers living at home, decision-making through family caregivers is discussed and formal guardianship is also considered. Swedish legislation leaves individuals with dementia and family caregivers in a vacuum between self-determination and full autonomy with the ideal of citizenship emphasised and recognised in the Social Services Act on the one hand, and on the other, a strong need for support in everyday life and with decision-making.
YULIA Altukhova, VLADIMIR Chirobokov, VASILY Altukhov
Humanity is getting more and more concerned with the environmental and social issues. In this regard, accounting for sustainable development should enable the companies and the general public to obtain information which is required for the effective environmental management and correct investment decisions.This information has become partially mandatory in some countries, including France (with the legislation regarding new economic regulations (Loi sur les Nouvelles Régulations Économiques) and the Grenelle 2 law). Article number 225 of the French Grenelle 2 Law provides indicators of the environmental impact of the company as well as its relations with stakeholders.The purpose of this article is the introduction of the French experience of drawing up and auditing of reporting for sustainable development. This article considers the content of the decree regulating the conduct of sustainable development and/or social responsibility reports auditing.Today, reporting on environmental data is relatively mature in France. It is necessary to structure the information on social topics.
Wood as form of biomass is one of the main types of alternative energy in Ukraine. At the same time, wood biomass is one of the cheapest energy resources. It has been proved that its volume potential can be sufficient to meet the energy needs of the population. It is found that a significant amount of wood biomass in Ukraine, which can be used for energy purposes, is not yet used, particularly wood residuals in forest stands. The use of wood and wood residuals as fuel is an environmentally and cost-effective solution. However to meet sustainability goals some social and environmental limitations should be taken into account. The urgency of implementing a bioenergy policy for governing the process of wood residuals and biomass use for energy purpose is obvious, since there are no clear legislative norms and regulations to stimulate the bioenergy sector development in Ukraine, except for the “Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035”. Fuel wood is one of the main types of bioenergy in Ukraine. It is found that sustainable utilization of wood residuals potential would contribute to the circular economy and at the same time can make a significant contribution to solving energy dependency from suppliers outside Ukraine.
The process of obtaining wood energy and using wood biomass for energy purposes is not governed by clear and transparent bioenergy policy and set of instruments in Ukraine. Ukraine's energy strategy for the period until 2035 envisages the transition to renewable energy sources, considers wood biomass as one of the options for obtaining fuel energy, but does not describe actions and regulation measures in bioenergy. The legislation is also seen as imperfect as it does not actually treat this wood biomass as an alternative (renewable) energy.
Creating a legislative framework based on the use of foreign experience and the assessment of the potential of wood biomass in Ukraine, which can be used for energy purposes, is the main task of Ukraine's bioenergy policy. Bioenergy policies should be aimed to achieving the sustainable development goals through the use of appropriate strategies and instruments and systematically assessed through a system of indicators. The main problem with the use of fuel wood is the lack of a legal framework governing its production and use. In this regard, it is appropriate to draw on the experience of other countries in the use of wood biomass for energy purposes. It is found that the main source of fuel wood is sawmill and furniture waste. It has been proven that biomass in Ukraine is sufficient to replace all gas and coal imports. The term "bioenergy" has been found not to refer to deforestation. It is about the use of wood waste and illiquid residues. In Sweden, 60% of heat is produced from biomass, however, in Ukraine only 9%. Taking into account the social and environmental constraints in determining the amount of biomass that can be removed from the forest, providing an ecological and economic justification for the entire process of harvesting, sorting and processing of biomass is an important component of achieving the concept of sustainable development of the forest sector. The main problem with the use of fuel wood is the lack of a legal framework governing its production and use. In this regard, it is appropriate to take into account the experience of other countries in the use of wood biomass for energy purposes. Therefore the most important task is to develop regional strategies and a set of bioenergy policy instruments.
This article surveys the academic literature on rights-based legislation and critically discusses key findings and arguments that emerge from this literature. I conduct this survey and discussion in light of a wider understanding of the political economy of Indian democracy as resilient but limited in terms of substantial forms of redistribution and recognition in favour of subaltern groups. This contradiction has arguably become especially pronounced in the context of neoliberalisation, where, despite the active participation of the poor in electoral democracy, socioeconomic inequality has reached dramatic heights, and I discuss rights-based legislation as a response to this. In conclusion, I reflect on whether rights-based legislation has anything to offer an oppositional political project to break with this spiral of dispossession and impoverishment.
Eva Morovicsová, Anton Heretik Sr., Anton Heretik Jr.
et al.
Authors present the history of psychotherapy in Slovakia. The first section refers to the social requirements for psychology and psychotherapy development. The history of psychotherapy alone is analysed in three stages of development. The first stage includes the years 1918–1945, where, related to the activities of the Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology of the Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, we come across the first attempts at applying psychotherapeutic approaches in medical practice and in the training of physicians. The second developmental stage (1945–1989) introduces individuals that significantly influenced the development of psychotherapeutic theories and their application in individual fields of clinical practice. They simultaneously show the contribution of the training school SUR to the development of psychotherapy in Slovakia. The most significant changes in the aspect of domestication and development of psychotherapy in Slovakia happened in the last characterised stage, in the period following the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The previously almost unavailable psychotherapeutic literature became available and psychotherapy was gradually introduced into the undergraduate and postgraduate education of physicians and other professionals. The first Slovak Society of Psychotherapy was founded and became a common ground for professionals in this field. In the final section of this paper, the authors present current questions and problems of the development, research and application of psychotherapy in Slovakia and briefly characterise the influence of legislation changes and reforms in healthcare on the position of psychotherapy.