Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Zirui Guo, Mingchen Yang, Hao Sun

Migrant workers in China often experience employment instability due to limited labor protection and restricted access to formal institutions, which undermines both job security and social integration. Although trade unions are expected to support workers’ employment, their role remains debated in the Chinese context. Using pooled data from the China General Social Survey (2010–2021), this study examines the effect of union participation on migrant workers’ employment by applying a treatment effect model. The results indicate that union membership is significantly associated with a higher likelihood of non-agricultural employment. Mechanism analyses suggest that unions improve employment outcomes by enhancing labor rights protection, promoting formal contracts, and expanding social insurance coverage, thereby reducing perceived employment uncertainty and strengthening labor market attachment. These findings suggest that union participation is associated with improved employment outcomes, potentially through institutional and psychological pathways. However, it is important to acknowledge that unions may also serve as markers of pre-existing formalized employment environments.

Diego Tajer

En este artículo, desarrollo un análisis formal del concepto de aceptación lógica, extendiendo una propuesta de Lokhorst (1997). En el sistema formal que propongo, podemos representar la idea de que un agente acepta determinada oración o argumento como válidos. Para eso, utilizamos el aparato de la lógica epistémica. A modo de ejemplo, exploramos la posibilidad de aceptar o rechazar lógicas trivaluadas como LP o K3. Luego desarrollo una semántica para este sistema, utilizando ideas de la lógica modal no-normal. Hacia el final del artículo, muestro que en el sistema no sólo se puede representar la aceptación lógica y el rechazo, sino también las creencias sobre compromisos lógicos de otros agentes.

Maria Cristina Clorinda VENDRA

This article examines Paul Ricœur’s conception of the relationship between the affective dimension of experience and imagination’s reproductive force. Specifically, it focuses on Ricœur’s recovery of the affective aspects of human being’s incarnate existence and imagination modeled on representation of absent things based on our previous sensory experiences of the world, as dimensions playing a fundamental role in the generation of actions. Regarding Ricœur’s early phenomenological analysis of the embodied nature of affectivity and imagination, developed in his work entitled Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (1950/1960), I will first discuss his understanding of the unity of feeling, imagining, and thinking. More precisely, affectivity, imagination, and thought are mediated through the body’s spontaneous experience as situated in time and space and as exercising a particular point of view about the world. Stemming from Ricœur’s rejection of the naturalistic explanation of volition, these reflections will lead us to consider affectivity and imagination as inseparable from the corporeal limiting factors shaping our decisions. Therefore, the second part of this article will consider the affective and the imaginative components of our experience in the affirming spontaneity of the body in decision-making as involving the necessity to satisfy needs, the apprehension of motives, and the evaluation of objects in the world. The analysis of Ricœur’s phenomenological account of affectivity and imagination will be enriched through the consideration of the resonances of his early ideas in his theory of imagination as presented in his recently published work Lectures on Imagination (1975/2024). Subjected to the rhythm of passivity and activity, closeness and openness, vulnerability and capability, affectivity and imagination configure the framework for our projects and actions, allowing us to foresee future possibilities.  

Ünal Çamdalı

Thermodynamics is the most basic energy science. It is derived from the words thermal (heat) and dynamic (motion). Although its laws have existed since the beginning of the universe, the development of thermodynamics as a science was with the invention of steam engines in England. These laws, as known, are the Zeroth, First, Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics. These are four macro laws, and they were determined based on observation. They are not the product of theoretical thought. Zeroth Law reveals the basic structure of temperature measurement, based on the principle that if two different systems are in thermal equilibrium separately with a third system, there must be thermal equilibrium between them. The First and Second Laws are the fundamental laws regarding energy. The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, and the second law, also known as the law of entropy, along with explaining the principles of energy conversion; also make a significant contribution to understand the functioning mechanism of the universe. The Third Law states that as chemically homogeneous and perfectly crystalline substances approach absolute zero temperature (273 C, 0 K), their entropy (or entropy changes) will also approach zero; in other words, it states that there can be no disorder or movement in the substances in question at this temperature. It is also important that thermodynamics science has a wide range of applications, from technical fields to philosophy, therefore it is known by large masses. Because its laws are among the most fundamental laws of the universe, in other words it is universal. Laws are noteworthy for the establishment, operation and analysis of engineering and many other systems, as well as for understanding the order of the universe. Additionally, some cosmologists strive to explain the order and functioning mechanism of the universe by making use of the laws of thermodynamics. Moreover, the laws of thermodynamics also give clues about the existence of the universe. Entropy, defined based on the second law of thermodynamics, is a phenomenon that gives the numerical magnitude of the disorder or complexity of a system. The more disordered or complex a system is, the greater its irreversibility and entropy will be. There is also a structure of the law that affects every system everywhere in the universe. It is not dependent on time and space. Time and space are literally subject to this law. The law has been in effect since the beginning of the universe, and it will continue to exist if the universe exists. Because universe means system; system means mechanism; mechanism means a structure that works according to the sovereignty of laws. Energy is needed to sustain life. Even though energy is not destroyed, the use of resources means that they move from a certain potential to a dead state (environment) because of the law of entropy. This process is valid for all systems in the universe. While all energies are processed through this process, living creatures in nature experience a similar process as they move from life to death. Eventually, all energy sources in the universe will go to the environment and become dead. This situation can be described as the entropy apocalypse of the universe. The concept of the apocalypse also reflects chaotic conditions such as noise and turmoil. Sources state that a cosmically stagnant situation will occur before the apocalypse. This is the cosmic dead state of the universe. In this study, an attempt was made to establish a relationship between entropy and doomsday by using the laws of Thermodynamics. In this context, the fact that the end of the universe is similar to the point where the entropy apocalypse will occur, as expressed in the doomsday scenario in religious literature (including the Religion of Islam), is tried to be explained on the plane of science and religion.

Andrej Preložnik

Jews settled in three coastal towns of the medieval diocese of Koper (Capodistria) – Koper, Izola and Piran – at the end of the 14th century. They came there stimulated by the needs of cities that, after the collapse of Tuscan banks, did not have the financial sources to support the developing economy. In addition to some bankers who are fairly well known from archival sources, we also have to consider a layer of the poorer population of servants and merchants. These were relatively small communities composed of few families, which were tolerated in a distinctly Catholic environment, but in close contact with the majority population sometimes received a benevolent or even aggressive pressure to convert. For studied region, there is no systematic study about this topic yet. However, there are some archival or written sources related to it in one way or another. Although these are mostly short notes or remarks within other discussions, which certainly do not represent the whole background of these stories, they still give us some idea of the dynamics of that kind of relations between religious communities and at the same time the formal position of the Venetian and local authorities about conversions and freedom of faith between 15th and 18th century.

Rafael E. Reigal, Luna Moral-Campillo, Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier et al.

The main goal of this study was to analyze the relationships among physical fitness, selective attention and concentration in a group of 210 teenagers (43.81% male, 56.19% female) from the city of Málaga (Spain), aged between 11 and 15 years old (M = 13.27, SD = 1.80) that participated in the study. D2 attention test was used in order to analyze selective attention and concentration. Physical fitness was evaluated using the horizontal jump test, the Course Navette test and the 5 × 10 meters speed test. The analysis taken indicated a significant relationship among the physical fitness level, the attention and the concentration, as in the general sample as looking at gender. Linear regression tests performed showed that oxygen consumption is the best predictor of attentional parameters. Cluster analysis shows two groups characterized by a greater or lower physical fitness level. So, the highest physical fitness level group scores better in the attention (e.g., boys: p < 0.001, d’ Cohen = 1.01, 95% CI [0.57, 1.44]; girls: p < 0.01, d’ Cohen = 0.61, 95% CI [0.24, 0.98]) and the concentration tests (e.g., boys: p < 0.001, d’ Cohen = 0.89, 95% CI [0.46, 1.32]; girls: p < 0.01, d’ Cohen = 0.58, 95% CI [0.21, 0.95]). Results indicate that physical fitness analysis can be used as a tool for observing differences in the attention and concentration level of the analyzed adolescents, suggesting that a physical performance improvement could be an adequate procedure to develop some cognitive functions during adolescence.

Mauro Dela Bandera Arco Júnior

Em muitos textos, Buffon mostra-se partidário da ideia da existência de um laço conjugal natural entre homem e mulher, retomando, assim, as concepções de Locke sobre o assunto. Por sua vez, Rousseau surge como um grande crítico desta ideia. Ele imagina um estado no qual homens e mulheres viveriam em determinadas condições que não os colocariam em relação uns com os outros e, por conseguinte, não os coagiriam a obrigações e deveres recíprocos, um estado de dispersão e de isolamento absolutos do homem. Buffon precisa, para fundar sua teoria, romper com Rousseau. Assim, elaborar e discutir o conteúdo desta ruptura tornam-se os objetos principais deste artigo.

O. K. Goncharenko

The Declaration on the elimination of violence against women adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December, 1993 defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or islikely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrarydeprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”. In fact, in order to cover all situations connected with acts of violence against women, some international legal documents use the term “domestic violence”, which implies that an act has occurred within the family or at home, between the former or the current spouses or partners. The psychology of men and women, along with their mentality differ in their nature inherent to the psychological and genetic aspects. These differences are applicable to the question of domestic violence, which men practically or expressively use as a way of letting out their emotions. In this regard, women are those who mainly suffer from forms of violence, which could be identified, becoming seriously injured by their partners. Above all, domestic violence by men presents an imminent threat to the life and health of a woman, since she often has to continue to live together with a man even after being divorced or while investigative activities are being conducted. Moreover, the consequences of this phenomenon have not only a physical component, but also a psychological one, diminishing the fundamental rights of a woman, as well as negatively affecting the formation of her personality. Additionally to internal factors, which influence on the occurrence of such situations within a family, there are external ones conducive to the spread and increase of the abovementioned phenomenon, turning a fight against it into an overall mission, which is actual for all countries. Nowadays the world community faces a range of global challenges, threats and risks, which could have negative impacts of various scales, resulting in deterioration of general human condition. Poverty, underdevelopment of the population and mostly the European migration crisis, which adversely affects women making them more vulnerable are among them. Migrant women, irrespective of the presence or absence of a legal status, as well as women asylum-seekers are at increased risk of violence and face the same difficulties while addressing it. Taking into account the urgency of the problem for all countries, the phenomenon of domestic violence prevalence remains a subject to in-depth international legal review. In this article there are statutory and actual materials; the factors influencing on the occurrence of such situations are being explored; the philosophical inquire is presented; the international legal tools as a way to address violence against women and domestic violence are presented.

Victor Delvy Tutupary

Free will is an individual ability to have full control of his or her act and decision without any pressure from others. The problem of free will emerge from the debate between those who believe the very existence of free will and those who against it (determinism). Griffin's ideas consists of process theology and postmodern theology. Process Theology is based on the concept of process, enjoyment, essential relatedness, incarnation, creative self-determination, creative self-expression, novelty, and God-relatedness. Postmodern theology is a critique for two stages of modern view with its dualistic-supernaturalistic and materialistic-atheistic character, and propose a constructive postmodern vision, based on anti-individualistic spirituality, organicism, transformative traditionalism, naturalistic panentheism, and post-patriarchal. Griffin's conception of free will is divided into cosmology, theology, and axiology freedom. In cosmology freedom, human are creatures with high level of freedom since the dominant poles of the soul in human beings have enabled us to have a free selfdetermination. In theology freedom, the nature of God that not “all-powerful” and the existence of creativity power within human had made us seize a true freedom. In axiology freedom, human have freedom to form the ideal values based on sympathy and pluralism that renounce absolute truth claim, reject religion uniformity, and focus on deep dialogue.

A. Rusdiana

<p>This study aims to assess policies and programs WASDALBIN, constraints in WASDALBIN implement the policy, the steps in implementing policies WASDALBIN PTAIS. The method used descriptive analytic. The unit of analysis of this study determined purposively, is in 3 areas Kopertais I Jakarta, Banten West Java II, and IV Surabaya, which is considered to represent the whole territory of Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, documentation and observation studies. The result of the research shows that communication is less effective WASDALBIN policy. The policy implementers assume that WASDALBIN policy is less clear, consistent and appropriate. The quality and the proportion of inadequate resources. Performance of policy implementing is less than optimal. The structure of the bureaucracy in the implementation WASDALBIN still convoluted, making it less efficient. This weakness is almost evenly in all regions studied WASDALBI, with slight variations. Conclusion This study shows that the policy WASDALBIN on Kopertais not be implemented optimally.<br /><br /></p>

Carlos María Galli

Adolfas Gasiūnas

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas demokratijos principo istorinis sąlygotumas bei šio principo socialinis turinys. Teigiama, kad demokratijos principas buržuazinėse teorijose yra grynai formalus. Keldamas žmogiškosios emancipacijos idėją ir laikydamas demokratiją priemone susvetimėjusiems santykiams likviduoti, marksizmas demokratijos principui suteikia naują turinį, jį siedamas su klasių egzistavimo ekonominių pagrindų panaikinimu. Nagrinėjamas demokratijos ir privatinės nuosavybės panaikinimo santykis: dėl gamybos priemonių privatinės nuosavybės buržuazinė demokratija visada yra tik demokratija gamybos priemonių savininkų klasei. Daromos išvados, kad nuosekliai mokslinis demokratijos aiškinimas reikalauja griežtai atsiriboti nuo formalaus abstrakčiai vertybinio požiūrio, kuris būdingas buržuazinėms demokratijos teorijoms. Socialistinės demokratijos turinį nusako socialistiniai ekonominiai santykiai. Marksizmo požiūriu, demokratija yra procesas, konkreti socialistinės demokratijos forma yra istoriškai sąlygotas dalykas: ji vystosi ir yra priklausoma nuo anksčiau buvusios valdymo formos.

Sigrid Schade

The paper analyses the relationship between religious practices, belief and the media based on the medial layering of communication. The arguments are situated within the fields of studies in visual culture and cultural studies, reflecting on the role of art as a specific medium in the Western religious tradition. Vera Frenkel’s video This Is Your Messiah Speaking (1990) is reviewed as a critical inquiry into religious practices and the media structures of communication.

Jennifer A. Robinson, J. Bolton, Daniel Rasic et al.

Yves Krumenacker

Luc Brisson

C. Geertz

Julian C. H. Lee

Noelle Witherspoon, D. Taylor

Yoshio Fukuyama