Parliamentary debate constitutes a central arena of political power, shaping legislative outcomes and public discourse. Incivility within this arena signals political polarization and institutional conflict. This study presents a systematic investigation of incivility in the German Bundestag by examining calls to order (CtO; plural: CtOs) as formal indicators of norm violations. Despite their relevance, CtOs have received little systematic attention in parliamentary research. We introduce a rule-based method for detecting and annotating CtOs in parliamentary speeches and present a novel dataset of German parliamentary debates spanning 72 years that includes annotated CtO instances. Additionally, we develop the first classification system for CtO triggers and analyze the factors associated with their occurrence. Our findings show that, despite formal regulations, the issuance of CtOs is partly subjective and influenced by session presidents and parliamentary dynamics, with certain individuals disproportionately affected. An insult towards individuals is the most frequent cause of CtO. In general, male members and those belonging to opposition parties receive more calls to order than their female and coalition-party counterparts. Most CtO triggers were detected in speeches dedicated to governmental affairs and actions of the presidency. The CtO triggers dataset is available at: https://github.com/kalawinka/cto_analysis.
Carsten Ellwein, David Dietrich, Jessica Roth
et al.
The Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is an emerging technology for the implementation of digital twins in the field of manufacturing. Software is becoming increasingly important, not only in general but specifically in relation to manufacturing, especially with regard to digital manufacturing and a shift towards the usage of artificial intelligence. This increases the need not only to model software, but also to integrate services directly into the AAS. The existing literature contains individual solutions to implement such software-heavy AAS. However, there is no systematic analysis of software architectures that integrate software services directly into the AAS. This paper aims to fill this research gap and differentiate architectures based on software quality criteria as well as typical manufacturing use cases. This work may be considered as an interpretation guideline for software-heavy AAS, both in academia and for practitioners.
The integration of agential artificial intelligence into socioeconomic systems requires us to reexamine the evolutionary processes that describe changes in our economic institutions. This article synthesizes three frameworks: multi-level selection theory, Aoki's view of firms as computational processes, and Ostrom's design principles for robust institutions. We develop a framework where selection operates concurrently across organizational levels, firms implement distributed inference via game-theoretic architectures, and Ostrom-style rules evolve as alignment mechanisms that address AI-related risks. This synthesis yields a multi-level Price equation expressed over nested games, providing quantitative metrics for how selection and governance co-determine economic outcomes. We examine connections to Acemoglu's work on inclusive institutions, analyze how institutional structures shape AI deployment, and demonstrate the framework's explanatory power via case studies. We conclude by proposing a set of design principles that operationalize alignment between humans and AI across institutional layers, enabling scalable, adaptive, and inclusive governance of agential AI systems. We conclude with practical policy recommendations and further research to extend these principles into real-world implementation.
Pavlos Sermpezis, Stelios Karamanidis, Eva Paraschou
et al.
Political discourse datasets are important for gaining political insights, analyzing communication strategies or social science phenomena. Although numerous political discourse corpora exist, comprehensive, high-quality, annotated datasets are scarce. This is largely due to the substantial manual effort, multidisciplinarity, and expertise required for the nuanced annotation of rhetorical strategies and ideological contexts. In this paper, we present AgoraSpeech, a meticulously curated, high-quality dataset of 171 political speeches from six parties during the Greek national elections in 2023. The dataset includes annotations (per paragraph) for six natural language processing (NLP) tasks: text classification, topic identification, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, polarization and populism detection. A two-step annotation was employed, starting with ChatGPT-generated annotations and followed by exhaustive human-in-the-loop validation. The dataset was initially used in a case study to provide insights during the pre-election period. However, it has general applicability by serving as a rich source of information for political and social scientists, journalists, or data scientists, while it can be used for benchmarking and fine-tuning NLP and large language models (LLMs).
Muhammad Javed, Sedigh Khademi Habibabadi, Christopher Palmer
et al.
Vaccine hesitancy threatens public health, leading to delayed or rejected vaccines. Social media is a vital source for understanding public concerns, and traditional methods like topic modelling often struggle to capture nuanced opinions. Though trained for query answering, large Language Models (LLMs) often miss current events and community concerns. Additionally, hallucinations in LLMs can compromise public health communication. To address these limitations, we developed a tool (VaxPulse Query Corner) using the Retrieval Augmented Generation technique. It addresses complex queries about public vaccine concerns on various online platforms, aiding public health administrators and stakeholders in understanding public concerns and implementing targeted interventions to boost vaccine confidence. Analysing 35,103 Shingrix social media posts, it achieved answer faithfulness (0.96) and relevance (0.94).
This study analyzes the gender gap in desired wages using large administrative data of public job referrals, which allows us to look at the desired salaries of individuals from a wider wage distribution. We conduct a decomposition analysis using available information on age, desired work region, and desired occupation. We find that of the three factors, desired occupation is the most important in generating differences in desired wages; however, the residuals are the largest outside of the three factors. To further probe the unexplained residuals, we also conduct heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses using the available data.
In the past two decades, open access to news and information has increased rapidly, empowering educated political growth within democratic societies. News recommender systems (NRSs) have shown to be useful in this process, minimizing political disengagement and information overload by providing individuals with articles on topics that matter to them. Unfortunately, NRSs often conflate underlying user interest with the partisan bias of the articles in their reading history and with the most popular biases present in the coverage of their favored topics. Over extended interaction, this can result in the formation of filter bubbles and the polarization of user partisanship. In this paper, we propose a novel embedding space called Constructed Political Coordinates (CPC), which models the political partisanship of users over a given topic-space, relative to a larger sample population. We apply a simple collaborative filtering (CF) framework using CPC-based correlation to recommend articles sourced from oppositional users, who have different biases from the user in question. We compare against classical CF methods and find that CPC-based methods promote pointed bias diversity and better match the true political tolerance of users, while classical methods implicitly exploit biases to maximize interaction.
This article examines the collaborative governance strategy implemented by the Batu Bara Regency Government in restoring Sejarah Beach. Beaches are critical assets that represent the identity of a region, provide economic benefits, and support the surrounding environmental ecosystem. Unfortunately, many beaches experience environmental degradation and other socio-economic problems. Pantai Sejarah in Batu Bara Regency is no exception, which faces issues such as prostitution, environmental degradation, and local poverty. Using a qualitative methodology, this research explores the collaborative approach used in the revitalization of Pantai Sejarah. In-depth interviews were conducted with various key stakeholders, including representatives from local government agencies (Environmental Agency, Forestry Agency, and Regional Development Agency), PT Inalum's HR management, and local community members. The findings of this study show that the implementation of the collaborative governance approach by the local government has transformed Sejarah Beach into an integrated tourist attraction. In addition, this collaborative initiative also created economic opportunities, including small businesses, new jobs, and revenue for the government. The collaborative effort also addresses social issues such as prostitution through coordinated action between law enforcement, government, and the local community. Furthermore, the collaborative governance approach provides a comprehensive solution to coastal area management by addressing social challenges alongside environmental conservation and economic development.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
<p class="Pa24">This article takes into consideration local action groups (LAGs) in the European Union and Romania in particular, in terms of resources needed, resources used, and measured impact on public services, infrastructures, and quality of life. Previous research showed that the impact of LAGs is difficult to assess due to weak links between actions and objectives and also due to different benchmarking. Romania absorbs EU funds for agriculture and rural development, however, the administrative, preparatory, and project costs are high, raising certain questions about LAGs’ genuine productivity and performance. This article provides clarity on LAGs’ costs and benefits, by mapping out a state of play of LAGs and comparing findings with expert opinions. Policy formulation and recommendations conclude this research.</p>
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Background: The poor resolution of customer complaints in the domain of public service is often attributed to a lack of accountability, transparency, communication, leadership, competent personnel, and well-defined complaint-management policies.
Aim: This article examined the efficacy and efficiency of the processes and procedures used to carry out the customer complaints management policy within the public service.
Setting: The study focused on the Department of Employment and Labour in the Free State province.
Methods: A qualitative study design was adopted, with self-administered questionnaires used to collect data from 20 purposefully selected participants from the Department of Employment and Labour – Free State province.
Results: The research revealed several key findings. Firstly, there was a lack of consequences for subpar performance. Secondly, inadequate communication and coordination hindered the timely resolution of customer complaints, and minimal frontline staff training on the customer complaints management policy. Thirdly, it was discovered that a lack of capacity resulted in underreporting of complaints, which has a detrimental impact on how quickly and effectively customer complaints are handled.
Conclusion and contribution: The implications of this study, therefore, draw attention to redress mechanisms as a vehicle to turn around and improve public service delivery. The study recommends that the Department of Employment and Labour should consider increasing the capacity of staff in handling customer complaints, developing appropriate customer complaints management training manuals, and establishing a business unit or directorate that deals with customer complaints.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Regional planning
Many of the largest Russian companies are evaluated by international financial institutions or rating agencies in terms of their influence on ESG factors that take into account environmental issues, interaction with society and corporate governance. Such ratings can have various names, most often referred to as ESG ratings. The inherent subjectivity of the assessments, along with the lack of generally recognized standards and transparency of the methodology, cause concern both from the assessed companies and from investors and regulators. ESG ratings of Russian rating agencies are at an early stage of their development, which is reflected in a small number of evaluated companies. The purpose of the study is to study the main methodological problems in the compilation of ESG ratings identified by the academic and business community with a focus on studying the issue of choosing weights when constructing a summary indicator. The information base of the study is the data published by the rating agency RAEX, which is positioned as the largest agency in the field of non-credit ratings. A comparative analysis of the rating agency’s weight selection methods with nonparametric methods, such as methods of shell analysis, determination of preferences based on similarity with the ideal solution and calculation of the geometric mean is carried out. Based on the results of the study of the initial data of the rating agency, it can be concluded that most companies have low ratings for the environmental component and high ratings for the corporate governance component, while none of the companies has a benchmark rating. The main methodological problem in the selection of weights is the subjective nature of the weights used by the rating agency. Correlation analysis of the studied non-parametric methods showed a high correlation with each other and with the initial ratings of the rating agency, however, at the level of some individual companies, the ratings may differ depending on the chosen method.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
Matthias Gsänger, Volker Hösel, Christoph Mohamad-Klotzbach
et al.
We investigate the connection between Potts (Curie-Weiss) models and stochastic opinion models in the view of the Boltzmann distribution and stochastic Glauber dynamics. We particularly find that the q-voter model can be considered as a natural extension of the Zealot model which is adapted by Lagrangian parameters. We also discuss weak and strong effects continuum limits for the models. We then fit four models (Curie-Weiss, strong and weak effects limit for the q-voter model, and the reinforcement model) to election data from United States, United Kingdom, France and Germany. We find that particularly the weak effects models are able to fit the data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), where the weak effects reinforcement model performs best (AIC). The resulting estimates are interpreted in the view of political sciences, and also the importance of this kind of model-based approaches to election data for the political sciences is discussed.
Approximately 50% of tweets in X's user timelines are personalized recommendations from accounts they do not follow. This raises a critical question: What political content are users exposed to beyond their established networks, and what implications does this have for democratic discourse online? In this paper, we present a six-week audit of X's algorithmic content recommendations during the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election by deploying 120 sock-puppet monitoring accounts to capture tweets from their personalized "For You" timelines. Our objective is to quantify out-of-network content exposure for right- and left-leaning user profiles and assess any potential inequalities and biases in political exposure. Our findings indicate that X's algorithm skews exposure toward a few high-popularity accounts across all users, with right-leaning users experiencing the highest level of exposure inequality. Both left- and right-leaning users encounter amplified exposure to accounts aligned with their own political views and reduced exposure to opposing viewpoints. Additionally, we observe that new accounts experience a right-leaning bias in exposure within their default timelines. Our work contributes to understanding how content recommendation systems may induce and reinforce biases while exacerbating vulnerabilities among politically polarized user groups. We underscore the importance of transparency-aware algorithms in addressing critical issues such as safeguarding election integrity and fostering a more informed digital public sphere.
Andi Faisal Anwar, Muhammad Sapril Sardi Juardi, Muhammad Ilham Alimuddin
et al.
Pengarusutamaan tata ruang di Kota Makassar diperhadapkan oleh dua masalah utama, yakni minimnya peran perencanaan pembangunan dan proses politik yang tidak efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami lebih lanjut sejauh mana peran kedua hal tersebut dan kontribusinya terhadap pengarusutamaan tata ruang di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peran perencanaan pembangunan terhadap pengarusutamaan tata ruang, disebabkan oleh minimnya literasi dokumen perencanaan pembangunan baik dari sisi penyelenggara pemerintahan maupun bagi masyarakat, pelibatan masyarakat yang tidak partisipatif dalam perencanaan pembangunan, konsistensi pemerintah daerah Kota Makassar begitu rendah dalam mengawal program perencanaan pembangunan. Sementara, ditinjau dari proses politik, diakibatkan oleh kurangnya keberpihakan terhadap pengarusutamaan tata ruang dan penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini, pentingnya pemerintah Kota Makassar melakukan peningkatan literasi dokumen perencanaan pembangunan berbasis pengarusutamaan tata ruang kepada masyarakat, perlunya mendorong perencanaan pembangunan dan proses politik yang lebih partisipatif, serta konsisten dalam mengawal program perencanaan pembangunan sehingga dapat meminimalisir penyalahgunaan kekuasaan dan menciptakan layanan publik dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang lebih baik dimasa-masa mendatang.
Political institutions and public administration (General), Political science (General)
Miguel Ángel de Guadalupe Sánchez-Ramos, Teresa Córdova Constantino
La participación ciudadana involucra a los individuos en el espacio público e incide en la toma de decisiones gubernamentales para la mejoría de la calidad y condiciones de vida de la comunidad. Mejora la gestión gubernamental cuando su tipología es institucional y espontánea, velando por mejores niveles de desempeño y de vida. La pregunta clave consiste en ¿cuál es el tipo de participación ciudadana que se registra en la gestión municipal de Amecameca, México, en los periodos 2016-2019 y 2019-2021? La hipótesis que se plantea estriba en que el tipo de participación ciudadana en la gestión gubernamental en Amecameca durante los trienios 2016-2019 y 2019-2021, se reduce a la institucional estipulada en la ley, mientras que la espontánea es nula. Los principales resultados, provenientes de un procedimiento de revisión documental y observación directa, ubican una participación institucional y clientelar que limita el involucramiento de los ciudadanos en el ámbito público y de gestión gubernamental.
Political science, Political institutions and public administration (General)
The purpose of the article is research the interaction between human rights and measures to protect public health in the face of new legal challenges posed by COVID-19 through the disclosure of key legal standards to combat pandemic threats; study of the problem of restriction of the constitutional right to peaceful assembly and mass events; to analyze aspects of the implementation of the constitutional right to education in a pandemic crisis and the issue of restriction of freedom of movement. The article examines the interaction between human rights and measures to protect public health in the face of new legal challenges posed by COVID-19 through the disclosure of key legal standards to combat pandemic threats; study of the problem of restriction of the constitutional right to peaceful assembly and mass events; to analyze aspects of the implementation of the constitutional right to education in a pandemic crisis and the issue of restriction of freedom of movement. The author's methodological analysis included a number of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods. In particular, the method of comparative jurisprudence was used to analyze the experience of a number of countries in allowing the restriction of human rights. The comparative method contributed to the generalization of knowledge in the field of medicine, law, public administration, psychology, etc. Synergetic aimed at the binary nature of legal reality and uncertainty in a pandemic crisis. The positions of scientists and institutional international bodies on the legitimacy of restrictions on human rights are represented, the position is motivated by a casual dimension. The author reveals the key standards of counteracting pandemic threats, special attention is focused on the problem of restricting the constitutional right to peaceful assembly and mass events. The difficulties of realization of the constitutional right to education in the conditions of pandemic crisis are pointed out and also questions of legality and non-discrimination in the field of freedom of movement are raised. An analysis of the experience of a number of countries has shown that in most countries, the rules of exclusive action allow for restrictions on human rights or certain deviations from the general mechanism of their implementation in times of health threats and/or national emergencies. However, in accordance with international law, as well as constitutional law in democracies, such measures must be necessary, proportionate and reasonably linked to legitimate public aims. It is stated that state anti-epidemiological measures deprive citizens of the opportunity to properly exercise their constitutional rights, including the right to peaceful assembly, mass events, the right to education, and freedom of movement. Please note that the introduction of measures to prevent diseases that threaten public health should be exclusively for this purpose and should be motivated by critical necessity and not by political motives and interests. Restrictions must pursue a legitimate aim, demonstrate the exact nature of the threat and be proportionate according to that aim. This should demonstrate the direct and immediate link between the implication and the threat. The conclusion states that the restrictions imposed by the application must comply with strict proportionality tests. Restrictions should not be too broad, they should be the least intrusive.
Introduction: This study analyzes the scientific production in business administration in scientific articles based on modeling partial least squares structural equations (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling PLS-SEM) in the 2011-2020 period. Methodology: The study is exploratory - descriptive and has three phases: a) Selection of keywords and search criteria; (b) Search and refinement of information; c) information analysis. A method of bibliometric review of the specific literature has been used based on the analysis of predefined indicators and completed with a qualitative content synthesis. Results: A total of 167 publications were analyzed, making correlations from the year, search criteria, authors, impact factor by quartile, and by citation variables. More outstanding scientific production comes from Scopus under the search criteria ((pls AND sem) OR "partial least squares") AND (business OR management), being the figure of 4,870 scientific articles, while Web of Science accumulates 3,946 articles Conclusion: There has been a progressive growth in scientific articles with the PLS-SEM technique from 2011 to 2020. Scopus, compared to WoS, presents a more significant number of scientific productions with this statistical approach. The authors who register scientific articles demonstrate a high H index; in addition, there is an important number of scientific articles with a PLS-SEM approach in universities in Malaysia that could be related to the expansion of higher education in that country, as well as in Singapore, Taiwan, and Indonesia. Finally, business administration, accounting, and economics are outstanding scientific production.