Existing sandstone rock structure evaluation methods rely on visual inspection, with low efficiency, semi-quantitative analysis of roundness, and inability to perform classified statistics in particle size analysis. This study presents an intelligent evaluation method for sandstone rock structure based on the Segment Anything Model (SAM). By developing a lightweight SAM fine-tuning method with rank-decomposition matrix adapters, a multispectral rock particle segmentation model named CoreSAM is constructed, which achieves rock particle edge extraction and type identification. Building upon this, we propose a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for rock structure, assessing parameters including particle size, sorting, roundness, particle contact and cementation types. The experimental results demonstrate that CoreSAM outperforms existing methods in rock particle segmentation accuracy while showing excellent generalization across different image types such as CT scans and core photographs. The proposed method enables full-sample, classified particle size analysis and quantitative characterization of parameters like roundness, advancing reservoir evaluation towards more precise, quantitative, intuitive, and comprehensive development.
Abstract For reservoirs exhibiting severe heterogeneity due to prolonged water flooding, conventional polymer flooding demonstrates limited capacity to alter reservoir properties under such conditions. Crosslinked polymer flooding, characterized by its three-dimensional network structure, significantly enhances reservoir conformance, sweep efficiency, and oil displacement efficiency, making it a key technique for strongly heterogeneous reservoirs in the middle to late stages of development. In this study, a geological model based on a one-injection–one-production well pattern was constructed to simulate the crosslinked polymer flooding process. The model incorporates critical factors including formation heterogeneity, wall adsorption, and the inaccessible pore volume associated with polymer injection. Using the Computer Modelling Group’s Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator (CMG-STARS), model was validated through grid independence analysis and calibrated via history matching. A systematic investigation was conducted to assess the influence of key parameters—namely, crosslinked polymer concentration, injection rate, and injection strategy—on oil displacement performance. The results indicate that, under the studied conditions, a well spacing of 200 m, a mass concentration of 0.55%, and an injection rate of 400 m³/d effectively reduce polymer adsorption and shear degradation while promoting the formation of a stable gel, thereby enhancing plugging efficiency. An injection strategy initiated at a 35% water cut, combined with 2–3 alternating cycles, was found to mitigate water channeling through early-stage reservoir modification. This study identifies the dominant factors controlling the oil displacement performance of crosslinked polymer systems, clarifies their relative advantages and limitations compared to conventional polymers, and offers a reliable reference framework for parameter selection in field-scale crosslinked polymer flooding operations.
Based on the microfluidic technology, a microscopic visualization model was used to simulate the gas injection process in the initial construction stage and the bottom water invasion/gas injection process in the cyclical injection-production stage of the underground gas storage (UGS) rebuilt from water-invaded gas reservoirs. Through analysis of the gas-liquid contact stabilization mechanism, flow and occurrence, the optimal control method for lifecycle efficient operation of UGS was explored. The results show that in the initial construction stage of UGS, the action of gravity should be fully utilized by regulating the gas injection rate, so as to ensure the macroscopically stable migration of the gas-liquid contact, and greatly improve the gas sweeping capacity, providing a large pore space for gas storage in the subsequent cyclical injection-production stage. In the cyclical injection-production stage of UGS, a constant gas storage and production rate leads to a low pore space utilization. Gradually increasing the gas storage and production rate, that is, transitioning from small volume to large volume, can continuously break the hydraulic equilibrium of the remaining fluid in the porous media, which then expands the pore space and flow channels. This is conducive to the expansion of UGS capacity and efficiency for purpose of peak shaving and supply guarantee.
翟争妍1，朱新鹏2，涂翰卿2，贺子珊1，陶宁萍1,3 ZHAI Zhengyan1, ZHU Xinpeng2, TU Hanqing2, HE Zishan1, TAO Ningping1,3
旨在为羊脂的精深加工提供参考，以绵羊脂和山羊脂为研究对象，分析了两种羊脂理化性质、营养品质与风味特性的差异。两种羊脂的理化性质按国标方法测定，脂肪酸组成及胆固醇的含量由气相色谱测定，甘油三酯组成由超高效液相色谱联用Q-Exactive HFX高分辨轨道阱质谱仪测定，挥发性风味物质采用顶空-固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定。结果表明：绵羊脂与山羊脂均检测出22种脂肪酸，主要脂肪酸均为C16∶ 0、C18∶ 1n-9c和C18∶ 0，饱和脂肪酸含量分别为38.69、54.39 g/100 g；两种羊脂均检测出30种甘油三酯，绵羊脂中三饱和、单不饱和、单饱和与三不饱和脂肪酸甘油三酯含量分别占总甘油三酯含量的2.66%、26.76%、36.89%和3369%，山羊脂的分别为15.87%、45.59%、26.47%和12.07%；绵羊脂与山羊脂鉴定出挥发性化合物共95种，含量分别为122.11、32.68 μg/g，关键风味化合物34种，其中癸醛、6-甲基-2-庚酮、乙酸戊酯、2-正丁基呋喃仅在绵羊脂中被检测出，3-甲基-2-戊酮仅在山羊脂中被检测出，主成分分析表明两种羊脂可完全分离，差异显著。综上，两种羊脂具有一定的品质差异，绵羊脂的营养与食用价值高于山羊脂，其特征风味强度显著高于山羊脂。
In order to provide a reference for the deep processing of mutton fat, the differences in physical and chemical properties, nutritional qualities and flavor characteristics of sheep fat and goat fat were investigated. The physical and chemical properties of two mutton fats were determined according to the national standard method. The content of fatty acids and cholesterol content were analyzed using gas chromatography. The composition of triglycerides of two mutton fats was evaluated by ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive HFX orbitrap mass spectrometer. Furthermore, headspace-solid phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the differences in volatile flavor compounds of two mutton fats. The results showed that 22 kinds of fatty acids were detected in two kinds of mutton fats, the main fatty acids were C16∶ 0, C18∶ 1n-9c and C18∶ 0. The content of saturated fatty acids of sheep fat and goat fat were 38.69 g/100 g and 54.39 g/100 g, respectively. Thirty kinds of triglycerides were detected in two mutton fats. The triglycerides of SSS, SSU, SUU and UUU in sheep fat accounted for 2.66%, 26.76%, 36.89% and 33.69%, respectively, and goat fat was 15.87%, 45.59%, 26.47% and 12.07%, respectively. The content of volatile compounds in sheep fat and goat fat were 122.11 μg/g and 32.68 μg/g, respectively. A total of 95 volatile compounds and 34 key aroma compounds were identified. Decanal, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, amyl acetate and 2-n-butyl furan were only detected in sheep fat, 3-methyl-2-pentanone was only detected in goat fat. The two kinds of mutton fats were completely separated by principal component analysis, which had significant difference. In conclusion, the two kinds of mutton fats have certain quality differences. The nutritional and edible value of sheep fat is higher than that of goat fat, and its characteristic flavor intensity is significantly higher than that of goat fat.
范俊燕，张彩猛，孔祥珍，李兴飞，华欲飞，陈业明 FAN Junyan, ZHANG Caimeng, KONG Xiangzhen, LI Xingfei, HUA Yufei, CHEN Yeming
为筛选适合水媒法加工的花生品种，降低花生蛋白的致敏性，收集了5个花生品种，首先比较了其脂质和蛋白质含量，然后采用水媒法提取分离蛋白质与脂质，考察了花生品种对脂质和蛋白质的提取率及脂质和蛋白质的分离效果的影响，最后比较了不同品种花生的内源性蛋白酶（内肽酶和外肽酶）活性。结果表明：脂质（46.95%～51.35%）和蛋白质（24.66%～29.68%）含量在花生品种间存在差异；花生品种对于蛋白质提取率（91.86%～97.77%）的影响显著，而对于脂质提取率（98%左右）的影响不大；不同品种花生浆中蛋白质和脂质的离心分离效果不同，蛋白质在蛋白液中的分布比例为85.32%～97.34%，脂质在乳状液中的分布比例为68.75%～81.24%，白沙308的分离效果最好；内源性蛋白酶活性（pH 3～5）在花生品种间存在差异，但是各品种的内肽酶均在pH 3时表现出最强活性，可有效水解花生致敏蛋白Ara h 1；各品种花生的外肽酶活性均随pH的增加而增加，在pH 5时，四粒红最高；对于内肽酶和外肽酶的协同活性，花育在pH 3时最强，而其他4个品种在pH 5时最强。综上，白沙308可作为花生水媒法加工的参考品种，而四粒红的内源性蛋白酶活性最强。
In order to screen peanut varieties suitable for aqueous extraction processing and reduce the allergenicity of peanut protein, five peanut varieties were collected for study. Firstly, their lipid and protein contents were compared, and the protein and lipid was extracted and separated by aqueous extraction processing. Then, the effects of peanut variety on extraction rates of lipid and protein, and separation efficiency of lipid and protein were investigated. Finally, the activities of endogenous proteases (endopeptidases and exopeptidases) of different peanut varieties were compared. The results showed that the lipid (46.95%-51.35%) and protein (24.66%-29.68%) contents were different among peanut varieties. The protein extraction rate (91.86%-97.77%) was obviously affected by varieties, while the lipid extraction rate (about 98%) was not. The effects of centrifugal separation of protein and lipid in different varieties of peanut milk were different. The distribution proportion of protein in protein liquid was 85.32%-97.34%, whereas the distribution proportion of lipid in emulsion was 68.75%-81.24%. Baisha 308 was the best for the centrifugal separation of lipid and proteins. Endogenous protease activity in the range of pH 3-5 was different among peanut varieties, but the endopeptidases in all varieties showed the highest activity at pH 3, which could effectively hydrolyze the allergen protein Ara h 1. The activity of exopeptidases in all varieties enhanced with the increase of pH. At pH 5, Silihong exerted the highest exopeptidase activity. Huayu showed the highest synergistic activity of endopeptidases and exopeptidases at pH 3, while the other four varieties were the highest at pH 5. In conclusion, Baisha 308 can be used as a reference variety for peanut aqueous extraction processing, and the endogenous protease activity of Silihong is the strongest.
Due to the high data confidentiality, imperfect data acquisition technology and infrequent abnormal working conditions of oil and gas pipeline systems, it is impossible for the machine learning models to obtain the desired training effect with the available pipeline transportation data set. Herein, the energy consumption of pipeline transportation was analyzed based on a crude oil pipeline, and the power consumption of oil pump set thereof was simulated with Pipeline Studio TLNET to expand the data. Given the characteristics of simulation samples for pipeline transportation, such as no real value control, feature correlation, and high dimension, the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN algorithm) based on Mahalanobis distance was proposed to evaluate the reliability of simulation samples and identify the abnormal simulation samples. As shown by the examples, the fitting capability of the model can be improved after the simulation samples with the abnormal data eliminated are added to the training set. Generally, the research results provide a new idea for the generation and verification of simulation samples of the pipeline transportation data.
As COVID-19 is superimposed with the great change of the world, the international geopolitical order is complex and changeable. The global energy system is reconstructed in an accelerating manner in the context of carbon neutrality, and stable energy imports are essential to ensure energy security of the state. China's oil and gas imports are highly dependent on maritime route, yet such dependency tends to increase. In 2019, maritime route contributed 90% imported crude oil and 62% imported natural gas of China, and 96% of the increase in oil import and 100% of the increase in gas import. In 2020, China's oil and gas imports continued growing, with the oil increased by 3 651×104 t and gas by 66×108 m3, including an increasing of 3 732×104 t oil and 93×108 m3 gas imported by sea, bridging the gap of the both decline of oil and gas imports by pipelines on the land. The key of maritime route lies in the South China Sea Shipping Lanes (SCSSL), while the uncertainty and instability of geopolitical environment in South China Sea are increasing at present. In the context of the continuous deepening of China-Russia energy cooperation, the pressure on oil supply from SCSSL has been eased to some degree, but the increase of LNG import has raised the importance of SCSSL for China's natural gas security. Limited to the routes structure, China has inadequate capability to respond to the sudden risk in SCSSL. Within one year dimension, the available capacity of routes other than SCSSL can only make up 5.2% and 18.2% of oil and natural gas under the condition with SCSSL interrupted. Therefore, suggestions were proposed to improve the emergency response capability for the oil and gas import routes system in terms of optimizing the layout of oil and gas import routes and strengthening the cooperation with oil and gas transit countries from the perspective of energy geopolitics.
魏连会1，董艳1，石杰1，宋淑敏1，孙兴荣2WEI Lianhui1, DONG Yan1, SHI Jie1,SONG Shumin1, SUN Xingrong2
为开发具有较好抗氧化活性的植物源蛋白肽，采用木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶法水解汉麻籽粕获得汉麻籽蛋白水解物，经膜分离技术得到4种不同分子质量的多肽组分。通过DPPH自由基清除率、总还原力的测定，评价不同多肽组分的抗氧化活性，并对抗氧化活性最强的多肽组分进行氨基酸序列分析。结果显示：低分子质量的汉麻籽多肽组分具有更好的抗氧化活性，其中HP-Ⅳ组分（分子质量＜1 kDa）的抗氧化活性最强；HP-Ⅳ组分中丰度较高的6个肽段的分子质量分别为 364.84、539.77、630.30、662.33、718.90、827.41 Da，氨基酸序列分别为NRDDMRER、ANQLDQFSR、NPEDEFEQLRREGGRG、NHNNQLDLTPR、TVNSYNLPILRF、VSLLDTSNVNNQLDDNPRRFY。汉麻籽蛋白水解物，尤其是分子质量小于1 kDa的多肽组分可作为功能性成分用于抗氧化相关功能食品和保健品的开发。In order to explore plant-derived protein peptides with good antioxidant activities, hemp seed meal was hydrolyzed by papain and neutral protease to obtain hemp seed protein hydrolysate, and four kinds of polypeptide component with different molecular weights were obtained by membrane separation technology. The antioxidant activity of different polypeptide components was evaluated by the determination of DPPH radical scavenging rate and total reducing power. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide component with the strongest antioxidant activity was analyzed. The results showed that low molecular weight hemp seed polypeptide component had better antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of HP-Ⅳ component (molecular weight <1 kDa) was the strongest. Six peptides with high abundance in HP-Ⅳ component were 364.84,539.77,630.30,662.33,718.90,827.41 Da, and their amino acid sequence were NRDDMRER, ANQLDQFSR, NPEDEFEQLRREGGRG, NHNNQLDLTPR, TVNSYNLPILRF, VSLLDTSNVNNQLDDNPRRFY, respectively. It is suggested that hemp seed meal protein hydrolysates, especially polypeptide component with molecular weight less than 1 kDa, may be used as functional components in the development of antioxidant related functional foods and health care products.
The thermal–mechanical technique presented in this paper has been developed to increase the intensity and ductility of the Al-2024 alloy. As a result of standard solid solution treatment, cold rolling at room temperature, and imitation maturing at 175 °C for three hours. After aging, the Al 2024 alloy has ultimate and yield strengths at 469 MPa and 324 MPa, correspondingly. The microstructure and malleable features of an extruded Al 2024 alloying combination have been investigated in the manner of heat treatment T6. SEM, X-ray diffractometry, and optical microscopy were all used to examine the microstructure of the alloy under study. Aluminum Al 2024 alloy was established on the synthesis of rich copper intermetallic. There was a comparison of several mechanical properties since following the protrusion and heat treatment T6, researchers observed that A2024 had considerably enhanced tensile properties. Researchers found that the composite exhibits elongation of the decisive intensity and values of 381 MPa and 13.6 %, individually. An examination of the rupture exteriors of hot-squeeze-out composite specimens exposed that the malleable form of rupture predominates. Triple aging is the third aging process after the third heat treatment process, which takes place in either artificial or natural aging.
New paleomagnetic determinations are presented for a collection of rocks of the Middle-Upper Devonian (Givetian and Frasnian stages), sampled from an outcrop on the southwestern slope of the Pavlov granite quarry. Three characteristic components of natural remanent magnetization have been identified. The bipolar component C corresponds to the Late Paleozoic remagnetization in the Carboniferous and two components of Givetian - Frasnian age. The bipolar component of D2NR passes the geomagnetic field polarity reversal test. The obtained position of the paleomagnetic pole in terms of the bipolar component of the natural remanent magnetization is consistent with the available data on the Middle Devonian strata of the Main Devonian Field (Russian platform).
A highly efficient and environment-friendly scale inhibitor (MA-VA-VS) was synthesized via free radical solution polymerization method, where maleic anhydride (MA), vinyl acetate (VA) and vinyl sulfonate (VS) acted as monomers, while ammonium persulfate was used as initiator. The inhibition performance and the structure as well as properties was characterized using static jar measurement and dynamic test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The surface morphology and composition of scale formed in the solution were examined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The binding energies of inhibitor with calcite (104) face were calculated using Materials Studio 2017 (MS) at 323 K.The results show that the inhibition efficiency gradually increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. While as the Ca2+ concentration increases, the efficiency first increases and then decreases. With the increase in temperature or pH, the efficiency generally decreases. It is confirmed that the inhibition efficiency can reach 91.4% when 150 mg/L MA-VA-VS is used in a flow condition. Both the calculated binding energy and inhibition performance evaluation results demonstrate that the scale inhibition performance of MA-VA-VS is better than a commercial scale inhibitor (HPMA). The excellent inhibition performance of this inhibitor is due to its chelation and dispersion properties.
Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction
Carbon capture, utilization and storage, or CCUS, is one of the key technologies to deal with global climate change, among which CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR is an important part. In order to effectively solve the problems that caused by the high cost and low oil price on CO<sub>2</sub> flooding, and promote the large-scale popularization and application of CCUS project, Jiangsu Huayang Liquid Carbon Co., LTD. of Sinopec East China Petroleum Bureau strengthen the integration of the advanced information of carbon dioxide transportation or oil displacement and the production management according to the template of digital oil and gas field construction and in accordance with the working idea of “production automation, safety interlock, unmanned on site and centralized management”. Through the construction and operation of safety monitoring system and information remote control platform, the digital management of CO<sub>2</sub> transportation system, injection system and production area security system is realized, which ensure the safety standard of carbon dioxide transportation, intelligent and efficient oil displacement site and effective supervision in production area. The exploration and practice of digital management transformation of distributed CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR project have been completed. By this systematic digital construction, the lowest comprehensive cost and the best security guarantee of CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR has been achieved, which is of great significance to the large-scale popularization and application of CCUS project.
Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, Gas industry
In this work, numerical models were developed to investigate the critical inclination of a pipeline to eliminate the water accumulation at the floor of the pipe carrying oil-water fluid. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to establish a geometric model of the pipe with various inclination angles, and a grid-independent verification was conducted to determine a reasonable meshing method. Quantitative relationships were determined between the pipe inclination angle and the affecting factors including the flow velocity, viscosity and the pipe diameter, where the water accumulation would not be able to occur. Generally, the critical inclination angle increases with the fluid flow velocity. The refluxing of water is the key mechanism causing the water accumulation at the bottom of the pipe. In addition to the fluid flow velocity, an increase in fluid viscosity and a decrease in the pipe diameter cause an increase of the critical inclination angle that the water phase can be carried away by oil. The model can be used to determine the critical inclination of pipelines carrying oil-water fluid to cause the water accumulation and the operating conditions that can eliminate the accumulation of water phase at the pipe floor.
Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction