People's need for English translation is gradually growing in the modern era of technological advancements, and a computer that can comprehend and interpret English is now more crucial than ever. Some issues, including ambiguity in English translation and improper word choice in translation techniques, must be addressed to enhance the quality of the English translation model and accuracy based on the corpus. Hence, an edge computing-based translation model (FSRL-P2O) is proposed to improve translation accuracy by using huge bilingual corpora, considering Fuzzy Semantic (FS) properties, and maximizing the translation output using optimal control techniques with the incorporation of Reinforcement Learning and Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) techniques. The corpus data is initially gathered, and necessary preprocessing and feature extraction techniques are made. The preprocessed sentences are given as input to the fuzzy semantic similarity phase, which aims to avoid uncertainties by measuring the semantic resemblance between two linguistic elements, such as phrases, words, or sentences involved in a translation using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The fuzzy semantic resemblance component's training estimates the degree of overlap or similarity between two sentences, such as calculating the percentage of characters and length of the longest matching sequence of characters. The suggested Reinforcement learning and PPO can address specific uncertainty causes in machine translation assessment, like out-of-domain data and low-quality references. In addition to simple word-level comparison, it permits a more complex grasp of the semantic link. Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) techniques are implemented as optimal control techniques to optimize the translation procedures and enhance the quality and precision of generated translations. RL and PPO aim to improve a machine translation system's translation policy depending on a predetermined reward signal or quality parameter. The system's effectiveness is evaluated by various metrics such as accuracy, Fuzzy semantic similarity, Bi-Lingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), and National Institute of Standards and Technology score (NIST). Thus, the proposed system achieves higher quality and translation accuracy of the text that has been translated and produces higher semantic similarity.
Pasquale De Luca, Ardelio Galletti, Livia Marcellino
Power consumption is a significant challenge in the sustainability of computational science. The growing energy demands of increasingly complex simulations and algorithms lead to substantial resource use, which conflicts with global sustainability goals. This paper investigates the energy efficiency of different parallel implementations of a Cellular Potts model, which models cellular behavior through Hamiltonian energy minimization techniques, leveraging modern GPU architectures. By evaluating alternative solvers, it demonstrates that specific methods can significantly enhance computational efficiency and reduce energy use compared to traditional approaches. The results confirm notable improvements in execution time and energy consumption. In particular, the experiments show a reduction in terms of power of up to 53%, providing a pathway towards more sustainable high-performance computing practices for complex biological simulations.
Abstract. Narrative medicine has gained significant attention in recent decades. The similarities between “parallel charts” and “medical cases” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) primarily lie in their authenticity. However, they differ in structure and narrative methods. Furthermore, medical case teaching is a prevalent pedagogical approach in TCM education that practitioners must master. This study explores the connection between TCM medical case teaching and narrative medicine, and concludes that the evolution of modern TCM case teaching aligns with the international standards of narrative medicine while integrating key TCM characteristics to enhance its value. This approach is essential for fostering humanistic sentiments, empathy, and reflective capabilities among future well-rounded TCM practitioners.
Neil Singla,1 Timothy Rogier,2 Diana S Meske3 1Lotus Clinical Research, New Providence, NJ, USA; 2Independent Consultant, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3Chariton Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACorrespondence: Neil Singla, Email nsingla@lotuscro.comAbstract: To obtain broad regulatory approval for a new analgesic agent in acute postoperative pain, US and European regulatory authorities require pivotal studies in both hard (bony) tissue pain and soft tissue pain. Bunionectomy is by far the most common hard tissue pivotal trial model, in spite of the fact that the model has limited relevance to clinicians prescribing pain drugs (pain from bunionectomy is not extreme or long-lasting, and is adequately treated by existing drugs). The authors outline the experimental characteristics that make bunionectomy an appealing study model for researchers despite its lack of clinical relevance compared to larger surgeries. These include bunionectomy’s high signal-to-noise ratio (secondary to the ability to standardize surgical procedures, anesthesia and perioperative care) and relative operational simplicity (including relatively easy subject enrollment). They present an overview of the surgical and anesthetic protocols typical to modern bunionectomy studies, as well as common design paradigms, common endpoints, and other key design features of bunionectomy trials. They also provide an informal qualitative review of bunionectomy acute pain studies performed in the past 15 years, and a master table of acute pain bunionectomy trials performed from 2006– 2023. Drawing from their informal review of past studies, the authors discuss trends in rescue medication, study enrollment rates, subject demographics, and the advantages and disadvantages of bunionectomy compared with another common acute pain model, dental impaction pain (third molar extraction).Keywords: bunionectomy, acute pain clinical trials, acute postoperative pain
Joseph N Keating, Russell J Garwood, Robert S Sansom
Abstract Morphology and molecules are important data sources for estimating evolutionary relationships. Modern studies often utilise morphological and molecular partitions alongside each other in combined analyses. However, the effect of combining phenomic and genomic partitions is unclear. This is exacerbated by their size imbalance, and conflict over the efficacy of different inference methods when using morphological characters. To systematically address the effect of topological incongruence, size imbalance, and tree inference methods, we conduct a meta-analysis of 32 combined (molecular + morphology) datasets across metazoa. Our results reveal that morphological-molecular topological incongruence is pervasive: these data partitions yield very different trees, irrespective of which method is used for morphology inference. Analysis of the combined data often yields unique trees that are not sampled by either partition individually, even with the inclusion of relatively small quantities of morphological characters. Differences between morphology inference methods in terms of resolution and congruence largely relate to consensus methods. Furthermore, stepping stone Bayes factor analyses reveal that morphological and molecular partitions are not consistently combinable, i.e. data partitions are not always best explained under a single evolutionary process. In light of these results, we advise that the congruence between morphological and molecular data partitions needs to be considered in combined analyses. Nonetheless, our results reveal that, for most datasets, morphology and molecules can, and should, be combined in order to best estimate evolutionary history and reveal hidden support for novel relationships. Studies that analyse only phenomic or genomic data in isolation are unlikely to provide the full evolutionary picture.
We present an analysis of the basic aesthetic principles of Mark Zakharov’s directing. We consider the creative path of the director, factors influencing the development of his directorial views and worldview. Throughout his career, Zakharov improved and was constantly on the lookout. The director formulated some principles of working with actors. Among them is the need to help an actor, directing him in the right direction of his plan, without turning him into a pawn for directorial experiments. A modern actor must constantly take into account three important theatrical elements: the material environment, partners and spectators. Mark Zakharov’s performances did not put the actor in a certain framework, but on the contrary, gave an opportunity for improvisation, active life, constant creative search. We also focus on the director's ability to influence the viewer. He was able to unobtrusively, in a comedy-musical form, convey to the viewer the most terrible events, the wisest thoughts, and this form is always perceived better, the viewer is more willing to let himself be taught. We conclude that Zakharov built his own special directing system based on his worldview.
Isaac Owusu-Mensah, Lanre Akinyemi, Bismark Oduro
et al.
Abstract The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, has emerged and spread at fast speed globally; the disease has become an unprecedented threat to public health worldwide. It is one of the greatest public health challenges in modern times, with no proven cure or vaccine. In this paper, our focus is on a fractional order approach to modeling and simulations of the novel COVID-19. We introduce a fractional type susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model to gain insight into the ongoing pandemic. Our proposed model incorporates transmission rate, testing rates, and transition rate (from asymptomatic to symptomatic population groups) for a holistic study of the coronavirus disease. The impacts of these parameters on the dynamics of the solution profiles for the disease are simulated and discussed in detail. Furthermore, across all the different parameters, the effects of the fractional order derivative are also simulated and discussed in detail. Various simulations carried out enable us gain deep insights into the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19. The simulation results confirm that fractional calculus is an appropriate tool in modeling the spread of a complex infectious disease such as the novel COVID-19. In the absence of vaccine and treatment, our analysis strongly supports the significance reduction in the transmission rate as a valuable strategy to curb the spread of the virus. Our results suggest that tracing and moving testing up has an important benefit. It reduces the number of infected individuals in the general public and thereby reduces the spread of the pandemic. Once the infected individuals are identified and isolated, the interaction between susceptible and infected individuals diminishes and transmission reduces. Furthermore, aggressive testing is also highly recommended.
This article focuses on Ben Jonson’s Entertainment at Britain’s Burse, initially performed on the occasion of the inauguration of Robert Cecil’s New Exchange in the Strand in the spring of 1609. Not only does this entertainment showcase the growth of early modern global trade; its text is also a key document in trying to understand the mechanics, the constructing and the staging of an “economy of gazes” from which commerce derives much of its special force and its ability to create surplus value. By drawing particular attention to the rhetorical structure of the entertainment as well as to the material qualities of the objects that were displayed, this study suggests that Jonson’s ambivalent work stages and enacts a transfer of the authority of the icon to market commodities, even while it cautions the audience against their fraudulent (and theatrical) potential.
Nutritional therapy, also known as clinical treatment is an important component of modern treatment of patients in each of the Polish hospital wards. It includes nutritional assessment, evaluation nutritive requirements and nutritive, an adequate supply of proteins, fats, electrolytes, trace elements and water, taking advantage of the way the gastrointestinal tract, or by intravenous administration [4,5]. In Poland in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 15 September 2011, the assessment of the nutritional status of the patient, taken on the hospital ward is mandatory excluding patients from emergency departments [6,7,8]. Malnutrition is a disease of multifactorial etiology, in the diagnosis, which plays a very important role cooperation of the whole therapeutic team - nutrition. The nurse, as a member of the team, plays an essential role in the prevention and diagnosis of malnutrition in patients staying in intensive care. Nursing staff, the first to have direct contact with patients, exercising care over him. Direct contact and careful observation, to allow diagnosis of early symptoms of malnutrition [10].
Keywords: malnutrition, nurse, prevention
Orfej s svojo plastično mitološko dediščino ni le pesniška snov ali motiv, ampak je vse prej persona, maska, ki so si jo nadevali humanisti, zelo pogosto tedaj, ko so želeli nadrobneje začrtati svojo avtorsko pozicijo. Zlasti plodna je poetika pesniških »mask« v humanistični pastoralni poeziji. Članek se osredotoča na presek obojega, tj. na mit o Orfeju v bukolični poeziji neapeljskega humanista Giovannija Pontana. V njegovi prvi eklogi Lepidina predstavlja Orfej arhetip pesnika, ki ima močne vergilijevske poteze, s čimer pesnik upraviči svoje prilaščanje Vergilijeve poetike in pesniške tradicije. V drugi eklogi Melizej pa po smrti žene, ki je humanistovo pesniško kariero močno zaznamovala, v skladu s svojo značilno pesniško ali bukolično »operacijo« postane predvsem biografsko intonirana podoba ovdovelega pesnika.
Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is a collection of knowledge and beliefs
that have been acquired after many years of experience with human contact with
the environment. In the West, the idea that TEK can guide the modern society in
terms of terming and sustainable resource use and ecological development has
been debated since the early 1980s. This concept is important to see the basis of the
problems of human-nature relations. TEK research aims to reveal the ecological
knowledge that has shown a unique development as a result of environmental
adaptation of each of the local communities living in many regions of the world.
Although TEK research has continued in the West for nearly 40 years the term
has entered the literature in Turkey nowadays. The place and importance of TEK
research in the field of folklore which is of interest to different disciplines requires
us to form a research model about TEK. It can be clarified through pioneering
studies on how TEK accumulation specific to a community will be collected,
how to approach this information and how it will be analyzed. In our study, TEK
research model in folklore was proposed by considering the definition, content and
scope of the concept and brief history of the researches
Modern research makes frequent use of animal models, that is, organisms raised and bred experimentally in order to help the understanding of biological and chemical processes affecting organisms or whole environments. The development of flexible, reprogrammable and modular systems that may help the automatic production of ‘not-easy-to-keep’ species is important for scientific purposes and for such aquaculture needs as the production of alive foods, the culture of small larvae and the test of new culture procedures. For this reason, we planned and built a programmable experimental system adaptable to the culture of various aquatic organisms, at different developmental stages. The system is based on culture cylinders contained into operational tanks connected to water conditioning tanks. A programmable central processor unit controls the operations, that is, water changes, temperature, light irradiance, the opening and closure of valves for the discharge of unused foods, water circulation and filtration and disinfection systems, according to the information received by various probes. Various devices may be set to modify water circulation and water changes to fulfil the needs of given organisms, to avoid damage of delicate structures, improve feeding performances and reduce the risk of movements over the water surface. The results obtained indicate that the system is effective in the production of shrimp larvae, being able to produce Hippolyte inermis post-larvae with low mortality as compared with the standard operation procedures followed by human operators. Therefore, the patented prototype described in the present study is a possible solution to automate and simplify the rearing of small invertebrates in the laboratory and in production plants.
Since the first years of the new millennium, the entertainment industry has often dealt with teenage stardom. Proposing original but serialized icons, a large number of young female performers invaded the show business taking a moralist shape and making use of candid representation. Seeking an idea of fashion constructed on their identity, this work analyzes modern teenage star power focusing on the evolution from Disney to the adult entertainment business. Studying the television and cinema productions, the appearances on the red carpet and their presence on the social networks, the essay focuses on three emblematic stars who embody this transformation: Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato. The first analysis concerns their debut in the Disney universe; though following different paths, in the past these starlets sold their lifestyles to the rules of the major. At first, Miley Cyrus used to wear childish clothes, such as bizarre costumes totally inappropriate to her young age. Selena Gomez respected the canon of the company, trying to experiment more elegant and mature dresses too. Demi Lovato chose glitzy arrays, corresponding to the Disney code. The second focus investigates the latter stylistic choices made by the actresses, after the Disney departure. Miley Cyrus voluntarily became a victim of the fashion fail by exasperating the sexual elements. Contrarily, Selena Gomez tried to imitate the Golden Age of Hollywood recreating the old fashion styles of the 50s divas, such as Rita Hayworth and Greta Garbo. Demi Lovato never completed her evolution from the Disney canon, failing to create a mature and coherent self-representation. Starting from this particular case study, this essay tries to analyze the transformation of the young idols, seeking to research recurring elements of the relation between fashion and teenage stardom.
The film reception idea of French theory, in the silent period, is basically linked to the notion of crowd. This notion appeared during the19th century. It had many interpretations, which we can find again in cinema writtings. For those who fight against cinema, crowd can be seen as Gustave Le Bon describes it in its popularization of crowd psychology. Therefore, movie theaters are places where crowds relieve or excite their instincts. On the contrary, for film enthusiasts, cinema proposes a modern communal refoundation where crowds find back their lost spirituality. For them, theaters are places where an hypnotic phenomenon occurs, leading crowds. This conception is the foundation of the idea of « seventh art » invented by Canudo and used also, with diverses meanings, by Delluc, Gance, Epstein or L’Herbier. Is this conception suitable to the reality of the spectators practice at that time? Is it possible to consider the cinema audience as a whole, as it seems if we use the idea of crowd? We can answer no, and we can think that the gap between theory and reality of the film reception is one of the reasons explaining the problems of French cinema facing American cinema. The theorical deadlock of the French conception of film reception, due to the use of the notion of crowd, appears clearly in Germaine Dulac’s writtings. She was the first among French theoricians to doubt about the ability of cinema to get the crowds receiving Holy Communion. She understood that the audience, in its diversity, would dictate its tastes to the film-makers, expressing an idea that Hollywood producers had already assimilated.
The function of downsizing today has become a byword for layoffs amidst burgeoning company, mergers and acquisitions and more particularly amid business devouring world wide recession. In the modern day world, where efficiency and effectiveness are imperative for survival, it is getting mandatory for the corporations of every kind to reduce their costs and improve their profitability by inducing modern cost cutting techniques-Human Resource traditionally being the first target. The banking industry in Pakistan has undergone similar restructuring, involving large scale layoffs in many local and multinational banks in the last few years. This study has attempted to investigate the factors which made downsizing a relevant strategy for the management in the Habib Bank Ltd, simultaneously identifying its employees' attitude and performance attitude in terms of job security, morale, turn over rate, absenteeism, degree of organizational citizenship, commitment towards long-term goals and projects. The study has been carried out among HBL employees at head office, Karachi through in depth interviews with Human Resource personnel involved in downsizing decisions. In the second stage an analysis of about 100-150 employees from the middle and lower management level belonging to departments which were most downsized was done. The study has explored the reasons for which an organization uses downsizing as a corporate policy, its impact on employee performance and investigate the various negative impacts of downsizing on the survivors' attitude in terms of job security, morale, turn over rate, absenteeism, degree of organizational citizenship, commitment towards long term goals and projects in the banking sector in general and Habib Bank Ltd in particular. The conclusions developed through this study will be useful in developing a set of guidelines on how the banking industry in Pakistan can effectively implement layoff strategies while maintaining employee performance, organizational citizenship and commitment among the survivors.