Hasil untuk "History (General)"

Niketa Stefa

I viaggi di Rainer Maria Rilke in Italia ci hanno lasciato numerose descrizioni di paesaggi con ulivi, che fin dall’antichità simboleggiano l’armonia tra la natura e l’uomo nel Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, nelle descrizioni di Rilke, l’oliva e il suo olio assumono significati ulteriori. L’olio è un simbolo sacro come rimedio miracoloso contro il male, ma è anche simbolo dell’essenza dell’arte drammatica e, in senso figurato, rappresenta l’essenza di un amore duraturo.  

USM ADMIN

Studiul investighează tranziția de la alfabetul chirilic la alfabetul latin în documentația oficială a instituțiilor de învățământ superior din Republica Moldova, în contextul aplicării Legii privind funcționarea limbilor (1989). Analiza proceselor-verbale universitare, a ordinelor rectorale și a dosarelor studențești evidențiază caracterul complex al transformării, cu dimensiuni tehnico-administrative și identitare. Ritmul implementării a variat în funcție de profilul instituțiilor: facultățile umaniste (Institutul Pedagogic „A. Russo”, Universitatea de Stat din Chișinău) au adoptat rapid grafia latină și glotonimul „limba română”, în timp ce unitățile tehnice și reale (Institutul Politehnic „S. Lazo”, unele catedre științifice) au menținut o perioadă bilingvismul. La Institutul Agricol „M. V. Frunze”, schimbarea s-a produs gradual. Concluziile subliniază rolul universităților ca spații de legitimare a alfabetului latin și a redefinirii glotonimice de la „limba moldovenească” la „limba română”. Cuvinte-cheie: alfabet latin, procese-verbale universitare, legislație lingvistică, identitate națională, învățământ superior, limba română, glotonim, tranziție lingvistică DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum10(220)2025_18

Felix Olajide Talabi, Christiana Shade Ade-johnson, Joseph Moyinoluwa Talabi et al.

Abstract The wave of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming all spheres of human life. AI is continuously expanding, shaping the future of humanity and raising important ethical and societal implications. Hence, this study explored the bandwagon effect of AI and its use among media houses in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the ethnographic qualitative design, chiefly utilising focus group discussion (FGD to gain rich empirical insight into the phenomenon. Twelve media professionals were purposively sampled for the FGD. The study found that AI is becoming more prevalent in Oyo State, Nigerian media houses for tasks like generating content, analysing data, verifying facts, and managing social media. The study concluded that AI is revolutionising the media industry and can serve as a competitive edge for media houses that embrace it, bearing in mind that responsible use, ethical considerations, and technical challenges are crucial for harnessing AI’s potential.

Lu Yang, Min Tianwei, Tony Fang

As digital transformation (Digital) accelerates globally, conventional enterprise production models are proving increasingly insufficient to meet the demands of today’s dynamic market landscape. China has innovated the concept of New Quality Productivity (NQPF), and exploring its functioning is critical to promoting high-quality enterprise development. This study examines the impact mechanism of Digital on NQPF in manufacturing firms by applying spatial econometric models—including the spatial Durbin model, spatial mediation model, and spatial threshold model—to panel data from A-share listed manufacturers (2013–2022). The results indicate that digital transformation significantly influences the level of NQPF, exhibiting spatial spillover effects and spatial attenuation boundaries. This influence initially promotes and subsequently inhibits productivity. The analysis of the spatial mediation effect reveals that Digital affects enterprise productivity levels by influencing total factor productivity. Furthermore, the spatial threshold effect analysis indicates that higher total enterprise assets enhance the positive impact of Digital on NQPF. These results provide robust micro-level empirical evidence to inform manufacturing enterprise development strategies.

Agata Jankowicz

Artykuł dotyczy zjawiska dekonstrukcji rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego we współczesnych parodiach audiowizualnych. Podstawowym celem tekstu jest identyfikacja i analiza technik stosowanych przez parodystów w celu dekonstrukcji wybranych środków językowych wykorzystywanych w wypowiedziach rytualnych pochodzących z rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego. Za materiał posłużyły rosyjskojęzyczne audiowizualne utwory parodystyczne publikowane na YouTube. Badanie polega na wyjawieniu intertekstualnych powiązań pomiędzy oryginalnymi wypowiedziami rosyjskich polityków i tekstami parodystycznymi, określeniu cech dyskursu politycznego poddanych parodii, analizie technik modyfikacji i określeniu funkcji tych transformacji. Artykuł obrazuje sposób, w jaki parodie odzwierciedlają idee ukryte pod warstwą werbalną wypowiedzi, uczestnicząc w konstruowaniu krytyki politycznej.

Mário Jorge de Paiva

Tuba Oğuz Ceyhan

In the classical period, Ottoman mathematical texts written by bookkeepers were one step ahead of other general calculation (arithmetical) books of this period regarding containing decimal fractions and root extraction methods. In addition, the contributions about numeric analysis made in both the eastern and western civilizations of the middle ages are greatly progressed in these texts. Pir Mahmud Sıdkı Edirnevi’s book stands out from other mathematical texts written by bookkeepers in terms of including exact and approximate root extraction. In our study, through analyzing approximate root extraction methods in this book, the leading role of Edirnevi is emphasized with the help of the manuscript copy of the text and secondary other references.

Wei He, Wei He, Jinghui Fang et al.

Bioturbation of infauna plays an important role in the biogeochemical processing of sediments. Infaunal animals build burrows and enlarge the sediment-water interface by their activities and so bioturbation is closely related with burrow structure and animal behavior in the sediment. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of Perinereis aibuhitensis burrow structures with the factors of months and animal sizes (0-1g, 1-2g, 2-3g, 3-4g, and >4g), which would also provide useful knowledge of infauna behavioral ecology. The dimension and complexity of the burrows of P. aibuhitensis were measured by dissecting sediments. The results showed that there were three burrow shapes of P. aibuhitensis, i.e., I, Y and U shapes. Overall, the order of abundance of each of the three burrow shapes were I > Y > U. Larger P. aibuhitensis are inclined to build Y- and U-shaped burrows in June and August. There were significant differences in the tunnel diameter, burrow depth and burrow length separately between different polychaete size classes (P< 0.001). In February and August, the burrow depths and burrow lengths of P. aibuhitensis individuals with body weights of 1-2 g and 2-3 g were significantly greater than in other months (P< 0.001). P. aibuhitensis individuals of 1-2 g and 3-4 g body weight had significantly more burrow openings and branches in August than in February (P< 0.001). Within the same month, the burrow HEindex increased with increasing polychaete size, and when the sizes were 1-2 g, 2-3 g and 3-4 g, the complexity in August was higher than that in other months. This study suggests that I-shaped burrow dominants the burrow architecture of P. aibuhitensis. The polychaete with large size has a higher HEindex (burrow complexity) indicating a strong bioturbation ability. Y-shaped burrows are more conducive to the survival of P. aibuhitensis in hot weather. In order to adapt to environmental stresses outside, P. aibuhitensis usually builds deeper burrows.

Moritz Kersting, Andreas Bossert, Leif Sörensen et al.

Abstract COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the globe. While there has been a slow down of the spread in some countries, e.g., in China, the African continent is still at the beginning of a potentially wide spread of the virus. Owing to its economic strength and imbalances, South Africa is of particular relevance with regard to the drastic measures to prevent the spread of this novel coronavirus. In March 2020, South Africa imposed one of the most severe lockdowns worldwide and subsequently faced the number of infections slowing down considerably. In May 2020, this lockdown was partially relaxed and further easing of restrictions was envisaged. In July and August 2020, daily new infections peaked and declined subsequently. Lockdown measures were further relaxed. This study aims to assess the recent and upcoming measures from an epidemiological perspective. Agent-based epidemic simulations are used to depict the effects of policy measures on the further course of this epidemic. The results indicate that measures that are either lifted too early or are too lenient have no sufficient mitigating effects on infection rates. Consequently, continuous exponential infection growth rates or a second significant peak of infected people occur. These outcomes are likely to cause higher mortality rates once healthcare capacities are occupied and no longer capable to treat all severely and critically infected COVID-19 patients. In contrast, strict measures appear to be a suitable way to contain the virus. The simulations imply that the initial lockdown of 27 March 2020 was probably sufficient to slow the growth in the number of infections, but relaxing countermeasures might allow for a second severe outbreak of COVID-19 in our investigated simulation region of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality.

Cian P. McCarthy, Maeve Jones‐O’Connor, David S. Olshan et al.

Background Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) is common and associated with high cardiovascular event rates. However, the relationship between T2MI and heart failure (HF) is uncertain. Methods and Results We identified patients with T2MI at a large tertiary hospital between October 2017 and May 2018. Patient characteristics, causes of T2MI, and subsequent HF hospitalizations were determined by physician chart review. We identified 359 patients with T2MI over the study period; 184 patients had a history of HF. Among patients with ejection fraction (EF) assessment (N=180), the majority had preserved EF (N=107; 59.4%), followed by reduced EF (N=54; 30.0%), and mid‐range EF (N=19; 10.6%). Acute HF was the most common cause of T2MI (20.9%). Of those whose T2MI was precipitated by HF (N=75), the mean EF was 53.0±16.8% and 16 (21.3%) were de novo diagnoses of HF. Among patients with T2MI who were discharged alive with available follow‐up (N=289), 5.5% were hospitalized with acute HF within 30 days, 17.3% within 180 days, and 22.1% within 1 year. In subgroup analyses, among patients with T2MI with prevalent or new HF (N=161), the rate of HF hospitalization at 1 year was 34.2%, considerably higher than those with T2MI and no HF diagnosis at discharge (7.0%; N=9/128). Conclusions Index presentations of HF or worsening chronic HF represent the most common causes of T2MI. ≈1 in 5 patients with T2MI will be readmitted for HF within 1 year of their event. Strategies to prevent HF events after a T2MI are needed.

I. Fletcher

Andrew Scheibe, Shaun Shelly, Tara Gerardy et al.

Abstract Background Emerging data points to a potential heroin use epidemic in South Africa. Despite this, access to methadone maintenance therapy and other evidence-based treatment options remains negligible. We aimed to assess retention, changes in substance use and quality of life after 6 months on methadone maintenance therapy provided through a low-threshold service in Durban, South Africa. Methods We enrolled a cohort of 54 people with an opioid use disorder into the study. We reviewed and described baseline socio-demographic characteristics. Baseline and 6-month substance use was assessed using the World Health Organization’s Alcohol Smoking and Substance Use Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and quality of life, using the SF-12. We compared changes at 6 months on methadone to baseline using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired-tests for the ASSIST and SF-12 scores, respectively. McNemar’s test was used for comparisons between paired results of categorical variables relating to injecting frequency. Results The majority of the participants were young, Black African males, with a history of drug use spanning over 10 years. Retention after 6 months was 81%. After 6 months, the median heroin ASSIST score decreased from 37 to 9 (p < 0.0001) and the cannabis ASSIST score increased from 12.5 to 21 (p = 0.0003). The median mental health composite score of the SF-12 increased from 41.4 to 48.7 (p = 0.0254). Conclusions Interim findings suggest high retention, significant reductions in heroin use and improvements in mental health among participants retained on methadone maintenance therapy for 6 months. Further research into longer term outcomes and the reasons contributing to these changes would strengthen recommendations for the scale-up of methadone maintenance therapy in South Africa.

G. Umpierrez, Scott D. Isaacs, N. Bazargan et al.

V. Chawla, D. Ha

Carlos Shenga, Amílcar Pereira

Systematic African studies have revealed that electoral violence tends to have a negative impact driving Africans away from participating in elections. However, by using a multidimensional approach to electoral violence and electoral participation, combined with a recent dynamic from the 2016 to 2018 Afrobarometer public opinion surveys of 33 African countries, this study finds the opposite. Africans who perceived electoral violence were more likely to attend an election campaign rally and vote. Instead of being used by the incumbent to prevent the opposition supporters from voting, electoral violence appears to motivate those who perceive it to participate. However, whilst election violence may increase electoral participation, this malpractice is not conducive for consolidating democracy or fostering support for, or satisfaction with, democracy.

Luiz Guilherme Vergara

Texto de apresentação do dossiê [sem resumo]

Michael Wielink

Abstract:The turn of the nineteenth century was an extremely dynamic and formative time in Canadian history as it defined its “imagined community.” Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities espoused nation and nationalism through his concept as “imagined communities,” both politically and culturally. “National identities are imagined as both intrinsically limited and sovereign. The nation is imagined as limited because, no matter the size or scope, it is finite in its inclusion and there is always “others” beyond its borders.” Through research on suffragist writings from both men and women, suffragist organizations membership, documents written about the future of Canada, and the concept of maternal feminism there remained a majority of people committed to a future “White Anglo-Saxon Protestant” nation. The women’s suffragist movement and “maternal feminism,” intertwined with nationalism, created a reciprocal effect, which established an “imagined community” that included those who belonged and “others” who clearly did not. Suffragist, armed with new found political influence, endorsed policies of assimilation or legislation to keep Canada from accepting people of “degenerating” races or religions. Clearly, nationalism and an emerging Canadian identity had profound influences on the suffragist movement and maternal feminism, causing once a once marginalized gender to now subjugate “others” based on class, race or religion.

farhad Rajabi

From the very beginning, the study of scholars, poets, and writers’ lives and keeping written records of their literary works and commentaries were considered the first steps towards literary historiography. This movement has developed from the traditional biography writing into modern scientific literary history. Arabic which inherits a modern literature has benefitted from some seminal historiographers who undoubtedly keep a lot of new literary findings in their works.Al-jame fi Tarikhe Al-adabe Al-arabial-hadis is one of the recent loops of Arabic literary historiography circle whose author, Hana Al-fakhuri, has attempted to tender a worthy history by using modern theories. In spite of having some good points, the number of problems and shortcomings has pushed this book away from the scientific criteria of literary history writing and made it close to the traditional works. Because of this important reason, the main objective of this article is to study the pathology of this book from a critical point of view within a descriptive-analytical framework.

B. Safai, K. Johnson, P. Myskowski et al.