Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

Despry Nur Annisa Ahmad, Suria Darma Tarigan, Boedi Tjahjono et al.

Bulukumba Regency, located along the Walanae Fault and within a seismic gap zone, indicates the potential for future earthquake recurrence. However, the regional and community capacity to address earthquake hazards remains weak, as evidenced by the lack of regulations accommodating earthquake studies in Bulukumba. This study aimed to design an earthquake mitigation model based on a stakeholder approach in Bulukumba Regency. The methodology employed MACTOR (Matrix of Alternatives for Choice and Trade-Offs), utilizing survey and questionnaire data. The output is a framework for policymakers in earthquake mitigation activities. The results suggested two effective alternative models: (i) a stakeholder formulation model based on role capacity and (ii) a time segmentation model for stakeholder involvement in earthquake mitigation. Based on these two models, it is essential to establish strong coordination and collaboration among these actors in order to minimize the impact of disasters on both the community and the environment.

S B Megha, P R Arun, V K Brijesh

The hydrogeochemical characteristics and evaluation of saline water intrusion of shallow groundwater in the coastal aquifers of Vadakara have been investigated using geochemical analysis and spatial interpolation techniques. Major ion analysis of groundwater samples was employed to identify saltwater intrusion status. The major ions dissolved in water are Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO3, and SO4. Groundwater zones in coastal areas have to be delineated in terms of quality. To identify the origin of saline groundwater in the coastal reaches of Vadakara Taluk, Kozhikode district, Kerala, six different major ionic ratios viz. Na/Cl, (Ca+Mg)/CI, K/Cl, SO4/Cl, Na/Ca, and Ca/SO4 and Base Exchange Index (BEX) were computed from physio-chemical analysis of open wells in the study area. Groundwater aquifers, which have a direct connection to tide-influenced river stretches and the sea, are more susceptible to salinization due to seawater intrusion, according to the spatial representation of the ionic ratios.

Julie S. Berame, Minie L. Bulay, Leah R. Cruzado, Glenn Hayahay and Romar Pait

The fecundity of fish can be utilized to predict the fish catch in the future becoming to be the most vulnerable to the negative impact of global warming. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat index on the growth and fecundity of D. macrosoma “Budloy” from the selected locations of marine waters in the Caraga region. The study was conducted at Buenavista, Agusan del Norte, Placer Surigao del Norte, and Tandag Surigao del Sur, where Shortfin scad is common. This study used Stratification random sampling to collect the samples. To calculate the present heat index of the sampling areas, present temperature, and humidity during the capture of fish samples were determined. To determine the fecundity, six parameters of D. macrosoma were calculated: length, body weight, total weight of ovary, weight of ovary samples, number of eggs, and maturity stage of D. macrosoma ovaries. In terms of the correlational analysis between heat index and length of D. macrosoma, results showed that there is a moderate positive correlation, with r = .55, p = .000, for heat index and weight, results were found to have a strong positive correlation, with r = .71, p = .000. Based on the findings on the correlation between heat index and fecundity, with r =.007, p = .959, results indicate that although there is a positive correlation between heat index and growth, there is no significant relationship between heat index and fecundity. Based on the computed values of the heat index, growth, and fecundity of D. macrosoma samples in all sites, it is concluded that Buenavista waters have the highest numerical value of the reproductive potential of D. macrosoma as the basis for predicting the fish catch in the future.

Ziyan Yang, Zhenwu Shi, Jie Liu

Personal Carbon Trading (PCT) schemes are considered in the transportation sector to control carbon emission. However, there is limited evidence on the potential and feasibility of PCT schemes as a new transportation demand-focused tool. Therefore, we designed a “Carbon for Electricity” scheme, aiming to explore how such schemes can help reduce carbon emissions in China. A survey was conducted with 1020 participants from 113 cities in China, focusing on four stakeholder groups: employees and employers of industrial enterprises, residents and property managers of gated communities. The study tested support for two PCT proposals: electric buses for commuting and microcirculation buses for leisure travel. We used ordered logistic regression to identify factors influencing stakeholder willingness and applied a carbon reduction methodology to estimate the policies' potential impact. The study found that about 75% of participants supported the “Carbon for Electricity” scheme and potential carbon emission reductions at 23130.6 kg per month and 6764.4 kg per month, respectively. The scheme effectively reduces carbon emissions by offering flexible options across both transportation and electricity sectors. We recommend integrating PCT schemes that cover both transportation and electricity sectors, with customized proposals and financial incentives, to achieve comprehensive carbon emission reductions and ensure broad stakeholder support. This study is novel in integrating both transportation and electricity in a PCT framework, providing a new approach to demand-side carbon reduction. The findings contribute to designing more effective and inclusive carbon reduction policies.

Anissa Nurdiawati, Basit A. Mir, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) is gaining interest due to its inherent future-oriented feature, which is an essential component of every decision-oriented life cycle assessment. Previous studies have highlighted challenges in conducting pLCA for emerging technologies, categorizing them into issues of comparability, data availability, scaling, and uncertainty and propose general frameworks to address these challenges. Accordingly, the application of pLCA is rapidly growing in recent years, with emerging methods addressing the limitations, and improving pLCA. This review study aims to compile and analyze emerging pLCA methods from scientific literature, identifying best practices and limitations to guide future research. It discusses methodological advancements in pLCA, including prospective life cycle inventory (pLCI) database, foreground modeling, scenario development and prospective life cycle impact assessment, offering insights for practitioners. While changes in background systems are increasingly addressed in pLCA studies, some, particularly earlier or less systematic ones, fall short of fully integrating nuanced future scenarios. The reviewed studies highlight that incorporating future scenarios related to the transformation of energy, material, transport, and industrial systems can significantly influence LCA outcomes, reinforcing the importance of explicitly integrating such scenarios into pLCA to ensure reliable and meaningful results. To ensure robust LCA studies, it is important to consider the use of pLCI databases, accounting for varying technology maturity levels, their improvement and diffusion rate, and incorporating spatial considerations. Yet, integrating pLCI databases with standard LCA tools remains complex, with a lack of practitioner guidance. Moreover, the interlinkage between climate change and various impact categories is a key source of uncertainty in future assessments, highlighting the need to improve both prospective inventory modeling and impact assessment. The findings call for future research to further explore the spatiotemporal effect of climate change on pLCA quantification, developing future-oriented characterization factors, expanding pLCI databases, as well as enhancing the applicability of pLCA studies through the integration of new analytical tools and models.

Moussa Masoud, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Johar Bin Mohamed and Attia Alsanousi

Elevational gradients exhibit diverse patterns in species distribution and soil characteristics, creating distinct ecological zones. This paper aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationships among elevation, environmental factors, plant families, and life forms to uncover the mechanisms driving these patterns. Species richness varies with elevation, with some plants declining while others thrive due to eco-physiological properties and functional traits. The review established that these elevational patterns differ among plant families and life forms. Intermediate elevation transition zones have more diverse floras, temperate species thrive at lower elevations than their primary habitats, and tropical lowland species expand to higher elevations. Climatic conditions, area size, the mid-domain effect, and biophysical processes, particularly water-energy dynamics, are crucial for understanding the intricate relationships between climate and vegetation. Changes in temperature and precipitation along altitudinal gradients significantly impact the attributes of soil. This review emphasizes the importance of microorganisms in nutrient cycling and highlights the adaptability of psychrophilic bacteria and fungi to high-altitude environments. Understanding these complex interactions is essential for predicting the impacts of climate change to ensure the sustainable management of high-altitude ecosystems. Further research into species richness patterns, soil dynamics, and microbial roles is necessary for developing effective conservation strategies and sustainable land management practices.

Edoardo Desiderio, Karin Östergren

Despite legume-based proteins being more environmentally sustainable compared to conventional meat proteins, these products need to be backed up by socially sustainable supply chains, as upstream and downstream social impacts may hinder their overall contribution to sustainability. This study shows how a social life-cycle assessment (S-LCA) can highlight people-centred issues in an emerging Swedish pea-protein supply chain. Using surveys with farmers and workers in combination with a social risk database, we reveal key social risks and improvement options. A stakeholder survey assessment and cradle-to-factory-gate social life-cycle assessment for farmers, workers, local communities, and society were performed. The Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) 2.0 database was used to perform the assessment within OpenLCA. A comparative scenario analysis was performed with Germany, Canada and China. Methodologically, the study applies a mixed-method approach, combining stakeholder-generated data with social risk modelling, offering a replicable template for future assessments of social sustainability. Results indicate moderate but improvable social performance in Sweden for the stakeholders considered, especially in terms of financial risks, economic support and working hours for farmers. The quantitative assessment reveals upstream impacts in terms of risk of child labour, migration flows, and social security expenditures linked to the non-European origin of fertilizer and chemical pesticides.The study highlights the importance of considering social impacts from agricultural input choices and potential risks when scaling up production. It advances social sustainability assessment by integrating qualitative, real-time stakeholders’ insights with quantitative modelling in emerging supply chains. The findings provide useful guidance for companies and policymakers seeking to develop or scale up socially responsible plant-based supply chains.

V. Nagaraja, C. J. Rakesh, H. N. Sindhu and N. Harishnaika

The environmental impacts of mining, quarrying, and the stone processing industry are significant, affecting air quality, health, and the socioeconomic status of communities worldwide. Key contributors to air pollution include the waste of raw materials from quarrying, non-compliance with scientific protocols, and the extraction of natural mineral resources. The rapid increase in pollution sources, such as dust, water, and noise, has led to the release of various pollutants into the atmosphere, degrading local air quality. This study conducted sampling at twelve sites, adhering to the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) monitoring guidelines. Twelve metrics, including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3, Pb, NH3, C6H6, C2OH12, As, and Ni, were measured twice a week over a three-month period (January 2024 to March 2024) by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the research area. The results indicated that while SO2 and NOx levels were within permissible limits at all monitored locations, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) levels were high at every station. The average baseline levels of PM10 (37.17 μg/m³ to 70.52 μg/m³), PM2.5 (16.98 μg/m³ to 39.85 μg/m³), SO2 (5.29 μg/m³ to 13.91 μg/m³), NOx (9.8 μg/m³ to 29.71 μg/m³), CO (0.15 mg/m³ to 0.32 mg/m³), O3 (6.9 μg/m³ to 15.37 μg/m³), and NH3, Pb, Ni, As, C2OH12, and C6H6 were below the detection levels (BDL) and limits of quantification (LOQ), all within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for commercial, industrial, and residential areas during the study period. This research highlights the urgent need for effective pollution control measures to mitigate the adverse environmental and health impacts of these industries.

Yuechao Zhao, Yin Feng, Jun Shen et al.

Promoting the synergistic reduction of atmospheric pollution and carbon emissions is of great significance for China to achieve its emission reduction commitments. Based on the emission factor method (EFM), the difference-in-difference (DID) model, and the index decomposition, this paper calculates the integrated emission equivalent of atmospheric pollution and carbon emissions, and explores the impact of carbon emissions trading (CET) on the synergistic reduction effects. The results show that CET can significantly promote the synergistic reduction enhancement. After parallel trend test, endogeneity test, and PSM-DID, the conclusion still holds. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the synergistic effects are more significant in the eastern and western regions of China. Market mechanism tests show that moderately increasing the penalty for default can promote the synergistic effects, while excessive government intervention has an inhibitory effect. Further analysis shows that the synergistic effects mainly come from energy efficiency and economic development effects, while the synergistic effects of pollution control are gradually strengthening. Examining the synergistic reduction through CET aligns with the concept of green development in China and provides evidence for the coordinated governance of multiple pollutants.

Ahmed S. Alahmed, Audun Botterud, Saurabh Amin et al.

We develop a mathematical framework to jointly schedule water and electricity in a profit-maximizing renewable colocated water desalination plant that integrates both thermal and membrane based technologies. The price-taking desalination plant sells desalinated water to a water utility at a given price and engages in bidirectional electricity transactions with the grid, purchasing or selling power based on its net electricity demand. We show that the optimal scheduling policy depends on the plant's internal renewable generation and follows a simple threshold structure. Under the optimal policy, thermal based water output decreases monotonically with renewable output, while membrane based water output increases monotonically. We characterize the structure and intuition behind the threshold policy and examine key special properties.

Imen Bekkari, Maurizio Magarini andHamdan Awan

Plants exhibit dynamic bioelectric properties that facilitate information transfer across tissues. This study investigates action potentials (APs) in Nicotiana tabacum recorded within a custom-designed growth chamber using a biosignal amplifier and environmental sensors. Consistent light- and dark-induced APs were observed during photoperiod transitions under controlled 12-hour artificial illumination cycles. To understand these bioelectric responses, a mathematical model based on the Hodgkin-Huxley framework is used. Electrophysiological measurements from Solanum lycopersicum revealed that under natural light conditions, only light-induced APs are observed, while light- and dark-induced APs coupled dynamics is exclusively elicited during rapid transitions in artificial photoperiods. These distinct phenomena are characterized as Prolonged Oscillatory Climatic Engagement (POCE) and Nimble Environmental Transition Oscillation (NETO), respectively. The model successfully reproduces the key features in both frameworks while maintaining computational efficiency through voltage-independent rate parameters.

J. F. Parisi, A. Diallo

Using a range of fusion power plant (FPP) concepts, we demonstrate that spin-polarized fuel (SPF) can significantly enhance net electric power output, often by many multiples. Notably, the electric power gain from SPF generally exceeds the corresponding increase in thermal fusion power. Plants close to engineering breakeven stand to benefit most, where even modest boosts in fusion power produce disproportionately larger gains in net electricity. As a representative example, a 25% increase in fusion power via SPF could allow an ITER-like device (with an added turbine to recover thermal fusion power) to achieve engineering breakeven. These findings strongly motivate the development of spin-polarized fuel for FPPs.

L. A. Pascoalino, T. Pires, J. Pinela et al.

BACKGROUND Owing to their health benefits, walnuts are attracting interest as a good option for nutritious meals, thereby promoting their production. Furthermore, the adoption of ecologically and environmentally friendly agriculture strengthens biostimulant use as a sustainable complement to traditional fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of different foliar-applied biostimulants in walnut tree orchards, in northeastern Portugal, on walnuts' chemical composition and bioactivity. RESULTS Walnut samples were rich in fat (particularly the polyunsaturated linoleic acid), dietary fiber and protein. Sucrose was the most prevalent soluble sugar, followed by glucose and fructose. Studied samples also showed an antioxidant activity comparable (or superior) to that of Trolox. Some plant biostimulants (e.g. Sprint Plus®) had a positive impact on the nutritional composition of walnuts, more specifically by boosting tocopherol levels, besides improving the bioactivity of walnut extracts against specific bacteria. CONCLUSION Overall, this research demonstrated that important quality traits of walnuts can be improved using sustainable agricultural bioproducts and practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

E. Kenger, Tuğçe Özlü Karahan, Bilge Meral Koç

BACKGROUND In addition to the health effects of plant-based diets, their impact on the environment is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to assess the impact of adherence to a plant-based diet on sustainable eating behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2122 Turkish adults, 73% female and 27% male. The plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) were obtained from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After the index scores were calculated, the sample was divided into tertiles for each index. The sustainable eating behaviors of the participants were determined with the 'Behaviors Scale towards Sustainable Nutrition'. RESULTS The PDI and hPDI levels of female participants were found to be higher than those of male participants. Factors such as age, exercise and educational status were also found to affect adherence to a plant-based diet. In regression models, PDI (Model 1; β: 0.413, Model 2; β: 0.369, Model 3; β: 0.367) and hPDI (Model 1; β: 0.462, Model 2; β: 0.366, Model 3; β: 0. 351) scores had a positive effect on sustainable eating behavior scores, whereas uPDI (Model 1; β: -0.496, Model 2; β: -0.471, Model 3; β: -0.459) scores had a negative effect (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that individuals with higher adherence to overall plant-based and healthy plant-based diets exhibit more sustainable eating behaviors. Promoting healthy plant-based diets presents a promising approach to advancing sustainable nutrition, and mitigating environmental challenges. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

D. Cammarano, Jonathan E. Holland, A. Gianinetti et al.

Barley is among the most important crops in northern latitudes especially for malting and distilling. Inter-annual weather variability in terms of rainfall and temperature patterns can impact crop uptake of soil water and nitrogen, which influences the crop growth and development. The present study shows the effects of nitrogen and water applied on: (i) specific grain quality traits necessary for distilling; (ii) plant biomass, nitrogen, and yield; and (iii) farmer’s marginal net return. The experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the James Hutton Institute (UK) with two nitrogen fertilizers and two irrigation levels. During the growing season soil mineral nitrogen and soil water content and plant biomass and nitrogen were measured. At harvest yield, yield component, and grain quality traits were determined.2018 was a very dry growing season, as opposed to the wetter 2019 respect to the long-term growing season rainfall (1974–2017). Grain yield in 2018 was higher for the irrigated treatment, but in 2019 the irrigation, due to high rainfall, had lower yield. Environmental conditions impacted grain quality, and the patterns of soil water and mineral N affecting the final quality traits. Despite variable weather conditions the grain quality requirements from the industry of either beer or whisky are met.

Tianqi Wei, Zhi Chen, Xin Yu

Plant disease recognition is a critical task that ensures crop health and mitigates the damage caused by diseases. A handy tool that enables farmers to receive a diagnosis based on query pictures or the text description of suspicious plants is in high demand for initiating treatment before potential diseases spread further. In this paper, we develop a multimodal plant disease image retrieval system to support disease search based on either image or text prompts. Specifically, we utilize the largest in-the-wild plant disease dataset PlantWild, which includes over 18,000 images across 89 categories, to provide a comprehensive view of potential diseases relating to the query. Furthermore, cross-modal retrieval is achieved in the developed system, facilitated by a novel CLIP-based vision-language model that encodes both disease descriptions and disease images into the same latent space. Built on top of the retriever, our retrieval system allows users to upload either plant disease images or disease descriptions to retrieve the corresponding images with similar characteristics from the disease dataset to suggest candidate diseases for end users' consideration.

Md Aziz Hosen Foysal, Foyez Ahmed, Md Zahurul Haque

Plant diseases significantly impact agricultural productivity, resulting in economic losses and food insecurity. Prompt and accurate detection is crucial for the efficient management and mitigation of plant diseases. This study investigates advanced techniques in plant disease detection, emphasizing the integration of image processing, machine learning, deep learning methods, and mobile technologies. High-resolution images of plant leaves were captured and analyzed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect symptoms of various diseases, such as blight, mildew, and rust. This study explores 14 classes of plants and diagnoses 26 unique plant diseases. We focus on common diseases affecting various crops. The model was trained on a diverse dataset encompassing multiple crops and disease types, achieving 98.14% accuracy in disease diagnosis. Finally integrated this model into mobile apps for real-time disease diagnosis.

Chih-Chan Wu, K. Honda, F. Kazuhito

Microbial lipids are considered promising and environmentally friendly substitutes for fossil fuels and plant-derived oils. They alleviate the depletion of limited petroleum storage and the decrement of arable lands resulting from the greenhouse effect. Microbial lipids derived from oleaginous yeasts provide fatty acid profiles similar to plant-derived oils, which are considered as sustainable and alternative feedstocks for use in the biofuel, cosmetics, and food industries. Rhodotorula toruloides is an intriguing oleaginous yeast strain that can accumulate more than 70% of its dry biomass as lipid content. It can utilize a wide range of substrates, including low-cost sugars and industrial waste. It is also robust against various industrial inhibitors. However, precise control of the fatty acid profile of the lipids produced by R. toruloides is essential for broadening its biotechnological applications. This mini-review describes recent progress in identifying fatty synthesis pathways and consolidated strategies used for specific fatty acid-rich lipid production via metabolic engineering, strain domestication. In addition, this mini-review summarized the effects of culture conditions on fatty acid profiles in R. toruloides. The perspectives and constraints of harnessing R. toruloides for tailored lipid production are also discussed in this mini-review.

M. Dixit, J. B. Srivastava

The increasing generation of sludge from wastewater treatment plants and the growing concerns over sustainable waste management have led to a demand for innovative and eco-friendly approaches. This abstract presents a novel approach that addresses two significant environmental challenges: the utilization of dry sludge as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production and the use of wastewater as a curing medium for concrete. Concrete, being the most widely used construction material worldwide, has a significant environmental impact due to its extensive consumption of natural resources and high carbon emissions. To address these challenges, researchers have explored various sustainable alternatives, one of which is incorporating sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment plants, into concrete production. This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of the utilization of sludge as supplementary cementations material (SCM) in concrete, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges. Sludge, rich in organic and inorganic compounds, possesses properties that can enhance the performance of concrete. As a SCM, It can partially replace cement thereby reducing its demand and minimizing the carbon footprint associated with cement production. Additionally, sludge in corporation in concrete promotes waste management and offers a sustainable solution for the disposal of this abundant by product. The abstract examines the effects of sludge on various concrete properties, including workability, strength development, durability and environmental impacts. Studies have shown that sludge addition can enhance the workability of fresh concrete, leading to improved cohesiveness and reduced water demand. Furthermore, the pozzolanic and filler effects of sludge contribute to the strength development of hardened concrete, with potential improvements observed in both early age and long-term strengths. Moreover, the inclusion of sludge in concrete can enhance its durability performance, such as resistance to chloride ion penetration, sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction. The abstract also discusses the potential environmental benefits, including reduced carbon emissions, energy saving and conservation of natural resources, resulting from sludge utilization in concrete production. Overall , in corporation sludge into concrete presents a promoting opportunity to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry; further research and development efforts are required to fully understand the long term performance and environmental implication of sludge-based concrete and to overcome the associated challenges. By embracing sludge as valuable resources, the construction sector can move towards a more circular economy and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

U. Arora, ·. H. K. Khuntia, ·. H. N. Chanakya et al.