Hasil untuk "Economics"

G. Martin

D. MacKenzie, Yuval Millo

George Tauchen

R. Hoskisson, M. Hitt, William P. Wan et al.

J. Hicks

B. Mandelbrot

S. Toth

Anthony J. Evans

Central banks across the world have remained in a state of emergency ever since the global financial crisis [...]

Majid Movahed Majd, Razieh Rayanpour, Farzaneh Mosahebfard

Abstract Introduction The number of postmenopausal women is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades in Iran. Adopting a health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) is essential for improving health and quality of life of this population. This study pursues two objectives: (1) to assess the HPL levels among Iranian postmenopausal women and (2) to investigate the socio-demographic and psychological variables including self-efficacy and self-esteem associated with HPL. Methods In this cross-sectional study with correlational design, 400 married postmenopausal women in Shiraz (southwestern Iran) were selected via stratified random sampling. The data collection tools were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, independent samples t-tests, and stepwise multiple linear regression were used for analyzing the data in SPSS v. 22. Results The average age of natural menopause among participants was 49.33 ± 3.43 years, and they had relatively good HPLP (136.52 ± 21.46). The results highlighted that among all the HPLP subscales, the highest mean score was observed for health responsibility (33.62 ± 6.98), whereas the lowest scores were observed for stress management (12.26 ± 3.13) and physical activity (17.64 ± 6.52). Both self-efficacy (r = 0.445, p < 0.01) and self-esteem (r = 0.425, p < 0.01) demonstrated significant, moderate positive correlations with the total HPL score. Also, there was a significant association between the total HPLP score and two demographic variables: women’s education (r = 0.17, p < 0.01) and husband’s educational level (r = 0.113, p < 0.05). In addition, the HPLP total score had a significant negative relationship with the number of children (r=-0.114, p < 0.05). The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the variables independently associated with the HPL of participants were self-efficacy (β = 0.32, p < 0.001), self-esteem (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), and occupation (β = 0.144, p < 0.001). Conclusion It is suggested that health care professionals implement comprehensive planning to enhance the HPL of postmenopausal women. Interventions aimed at improving HPL in this population should prioritize strategies to enhance self-efficacy and self-esteem. Particular attention should be paid to women with lower education, unemployment, and a higher number of children.

Saiful Anwar, Ega Rusanti, Dewi Rahmawati Maulidiyah

This study aims to examine whether the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards enhances carbon emission disclosure among banks in Indonesia. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence that the presence of women on boards moderates the relationship between GRI adoption and carbon emission disclosure. The study was conducted on 40 conventional and Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2015–2021. The analysis employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with robustness tests conducted using alternative measurement variables to ensure the consistency of the results. The findings consistently demonstrate that the adoption of GRI Standards positively influences carbon emission disclosure in Indonesian banks. The presence of women on boards promotes banks’ engagement in global climate change agendas, aligning with the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5, 8, and 13. This study reinforces stakeholder theory and Critical Mass Theory, indicating that a minimum threshold of female board members is necessary to influence strategic decisions, particularly in encouraging voluntary disclosures such as carbon emission reporting. Notably, the study also finds that carbon emission disclosure is valued by banking stakeholders in Indonesia. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to establish regulations that mandate GRI adoption and ensure a minimum representation of women in strategic decision-making positions within the banking sector.

Sergiy Sydoriv, Lidia Sydoriv

The paper examines the challenges of training educators to organize an inclusive educational environment in the context of the existential threat to the Ukrainian nation. It is stated that epistemic injustice, which the authors consider in the aspects of hermeneutical and testimonial injustice caused by the colonial policies of the aggressor state, must be addressed through mechanisms that ensure the resilience of the multi-ethnic Ukrainian nation. It is determined that this national identity comprises a complex of individual and community identities, the formation of which requires a decolonial and inclusive approach. The authors describe a study exploring the understanding of the historical period of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles among future teachers, students with special educational needs, parents, and community members. The study also examines the influence of this historical period on the formation of national identity and statehood in the first half of the 20th century and its connection to contemporary realities. It was found that respondents lack well-structured knowledge and skills in analytically comparing historical periods and the present. A methodology was developed and proposed for preparing educators and fostering inclusive interaction between teachers and students with hearing disorders. This methodology synthesizes elements of national-patriotic education using materials from the historical epoch of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles. The hypothesis was confirmed that the sign language used by deaf and hard-of-hearing Ukrainians contains elements of the calqued Russian language but lacks unique signs to denote many nationally significant linguistic units. The study substantiates the following tasks: equipping future educators and students with a contextual understanding of the historical era of the Ukrainian Sich Rifles, focusing on its educational and cultural dimensions during the liberation movements of the early 20th century; developing methods for analyzing the ideological foundations and cultural practices of that period for modern students and schoolchildren through the awareness and formation of generational continuity and connections; incorporating elements of patriotic education into inclusive practices; fostering a nationally conscious sign-language identity; and informing the international community about more than a century of Ukraine's efforts to assert its nationhood. The article emphasizes that access for young people with hearing disorders to the historical, cultural, and linguistic heritage of the nation is a vital aspect of their inclusion in the creation and defense of the state.

Yanbing He, Chenjing Yin, Xiaohu Mao et al.

Assessing the performance level of human settlement improvement in traditional villages is significant in promoting the protection of traditional villages, but there is a lack of performance research on human settlement improvement from the perspective of corporate governance in previous studies. This paper selected 16 traditional villages as case villages and obtained a total of 345 questionnaires. By reference to the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) theory, a performance evaluation index system for human settlement improvement is constructed in this paper. In addition, the level of performance exhibited by traditional villages is evaluated and analyzed via the entropy weight Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and the obstacle degree analysis method. This study reveals the following findings: (1) The performance level of traditional villages in Jiaozuo city ranges between 0.28 and 0.64, with an average value of 0.49, thus indicating a medium level. (2) With respect to the subdimensions of human settlement improvement performance, the policy management dimension (0.88) exhibits the highest value, followed by the villagers dimension (0.48) and the learning and growth dimension (0.27), while the financial benefits dimension (0.10) exhibits the lowest value. (3) The obstacles affecting the performance level of human settlement improvement in different types of traditional villages are characterized by both similarities and differences. This study summarized the effects of traditional village human settlement improvement, and provided more scientific and reliable governance suggestions for future traditional village human settlement improvement, so as to better promote the protection of traditional villages and the sustainable development of the human settlement environment.

Guta Amante, Mulisa Wedajo

Climate change, driven by anthropogenic activities, has far-reaching consequences for our planet. Among its many impacts, changes in temperature, elevated carbon dioxide levels, and shifts in greenhouse gas concentrations significantly affect soil ecosystems. In particular, soil microbial communities play a pivotal role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and overall soil health. Soil microbial communities respond differently to the effects of climate change, like elevated warming and precipitation. The change in climatic conditions is reported to be adversely affecting soil biological activity directly through either drying or wetting of soil or affecting their associated plants. This review delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and soil microbial abundance, diversity, and distribution. The paper also discusses climatic change pressure on soil enzymatic activity and microbial biomasses, as well as soil faunal activity, as they are key indicators of soil health in a changing climate. Soil microbial communities cope with climate change by changing their diversity and physiological characteristics and by changing their symbiotic plants, which indicates the role of soil microbes in withstanding the negative impact of climate change.

W. G. Shepherd

Haolun Wang, Tingjun Xu, Liangqing Feng et al.

A T-spherical fuzzy set is a more powerful mathematical tool to handle uncertain and vague information than several fuzzy sets, such as fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, Pythagorean fuzzy set, q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, and picture fuzzy set. The Aczel–Alsina <i>t</i>-norm and <i>s</i>-norm are significant mathematical operations with a high premium on affectability with parameter activity, which are extremely conducive to handling imprecise and undetermined data. On the other hand, the Hamy mean operator is able to catch the interconnection among multiple input data and achieve great results in the fusion process of evaluation information. Based on the above advantages, the purpose of this study is to propose some novel aggregation operators (AOs) integrated by the Hamy mean and Aczel–Alsina operations to settle T-spherical fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issues. First, a series of T-spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina Hamy mean AOs are advanced, including the T-spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina Hamy mean (TSFAAHM) operator, T-spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina dual Hamy mean (TSFAADHM) operator, and their weighted forms, i.e., the T-spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina-weighted Hamy mean (TSFAAWHM) and T-spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina-weighted dual Hamy mean (TSFAAWDHM) operators. Moreover, some related properties are discussed. Then, a MCDM model based on the proposed AOs is built. Lastly, a numerical example is provided to show the applicability and feasibility of the developed AOs, and the effectiveness of this study is verified by the implementation of a parameters influence test and comparison with available methods.

Cátia V. Almeida Santos, Catarina Pereira, Nuno Martins et al.

SO₂ is a preservative often used in the food industry, particularly in the wine industry. However, regulatory authorities and consumers have been strongly suggesting its reduction or even its replacement. In order to understand the impact of SO₂ on the profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as amino acids (AAs), the aging of two white wines (one being a varietal and another being a blend) under identical conditions and in the presence of different doses of total SO₂ was studied. After alcoholic fermentation (t = 0), either no SO₂ was added (0 mg/L), or 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/L of SO₂ was applied. The samples under study were kept on fine lees for 3 months (t = 3). After 3 months (t = 6) and 9 months (t = 12), the wines were bottled and analyzed. For t = 0 and t = 3, the samples were submitted to HS-SPME-GC/MS for VOC analysis and LC-DAD for AA analysis. From the principal component analysis of the detected VOCs, it was observed that the blended wine in comparison with the varietal wine, was less impacted by the applied SO₂ doses and aging time. From the AA profile, it was also observed in this study that maturation on fine lees resulted in an increase in the total concentration of AAs as would be expected.

K. Arrow

Svetlana Anatolevna Inozemtseva

Information can be recorded in the quantum state and are transmitted via the physical channel. The theory of quantum coding and information theory quantum computing related. In any information system ( classical or quantum) will always contain errors, as there won’t be a complete

Ainhoa Navarro-Abril, Javier Saurina, Sònia Sentellas

Biogenic amines (BAs) and free amino acids (AAs) are low-molecular nitrogenous compounds occurring in a wide range of foodstuffs, found in increased amount in different fermented foods, seafood, and wines. This study deals with the development of an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with precolumn derivatization with dansyl chloride for the determination of BAs and AAs in musts, wines, and sparkling wines. The resulting compositional profiles have been exploited as potential descriptors of quality and other oenological issues using chemometric methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial analysis of least squares-discriminants (PLS-DA). Proline is the most abundant compound, and other remarkable species are lysine, ethanolamine, tyramine, histamine, and putrescine. Fermented samples (wines and sparkling wines) are much richer in both BAs and free AAs than the initial musts. Significant differences have also been noticed in the quality, as the best products display, in general, lower levels. The dissimilarities in the content of the analytes between the two grape varieties studied (pinot noir and xarel·lo) and those dealing with quality aspects have made it possible to establish a tree to classify the samples based on these two features with excellent classification rates.

Виктория Владимировна Гридасова, Вера Викторона Матершева

Предмет. Изучение проблем производительности труда всегда было важной темой исследований в различных странах. Особенностью данной статьи является то, что она включает обзор работ преимущественно зарубежных авторов, посвященных исследованию факторов, влияющих на производительность труда и их проявление в условиях пандемии. Цели. Выделены две основные цели работы: изучить определения некоторых авторов относительно категории «продуктивность» в их исследованиях; найти набор тех факторов, наличие или отсутствие которых может улучшить состояние продуктивности любой организации. Методология. В процессе достижения поставленной цели использовались методы научного познания: анализ и синтез. С помощью систематического обзора будет восполнен пробел, созданный традиционными повествовательными обзорами, из-за использования авторами личной, субъективной и предвзятой методологии. Результаты. В данном исследовании выполнен систематический анализ литературы, доступной в научных журналах, и определены соответствующие факторы, влияющие на производительность труда. В ходе данной работы выполнена основная цель - объединены различные факторы, указанные в нескольких исследованиях, для лучшего понимания определения производительности и дальнейшего продвижения будущих исследований в области повышения производительности. В статье классифицированы факторы в семи измерениях и предложена модель повышения производительности труда. В данном исследовании отражается, как один идентифицированный фактор взаимодействует или влияет на другой выявленный фактор. Выводы. Системный обзор многочисленных и разнообразных исследований, проводимых в последние десятилетия зарубежными учеными, проведенный в рамках данной статьи позволил определить влияние различных факторов друг на друга, их взаимодействие и иерархию. Своевременный учет возможностей проявления тех или иных факторов, действующих на различных уровнях, будет способствовать эффективному управлению как на макро, так и микроуровне, ростом производительности труда.