Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Jorge López Quiroga

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José Antonio Molina Gómez

En manos del lector y sometido desde ahora al juicio de los especialistas se encuentra esta última década de estudios sobre la ciudad tardorromana y episcopado visigodo de Begastri. Posiblemente no se trata de los descubrimientos espectaculares que saltan primero a las redes sociales y después a medios de difusión ya considerados arcaicos como la prensa escrita y la literatura científi ca, pero son desde luego nuevos datos reveladores para el conocimiento de una período oscuro en el sureste peninsular y que permitirán tener una imagen mejor, más clara y más exacta de la Región de Murcia en el período que va desde el fi n del Imperio Romano hasta la conquista árabe.

Piotr Turzyński

The desert mothers lived between monks in the fourth and fifth centuries. In Apofthegmata Patrum we have preserved same sayings and stories related to Amma Sarah, Amma Syncletica and Amma Theodora. The subject of this article is Meterikon, the new book published quite recently in Poland, which includes some 600 texts attributed to the mothers of the desert or addressed to them. The author of the collection was Byzantine monk Isaiah, who worked on it at the beginning of 13th century, conscious that no one had compiled “such a feminine book”. A Russian bishop found the Meterikon in Jerusalem in the middle of 19th century, and had a translation made of this “absolute rarity”, which would later be published in Greek as well as Russian. We do have now Italian, German and Polish translation. Meterikon presents spirituality of the desert mothers, which is the same like spiri­tuality of the desert fathers, but has its own special accents. Women on the desert consider themselves as brides of Jesus Christ, who is the centre, model and goal of their live. In the spiritual straggle, which is necessary on the desert, they tried to be brave as man and they showed that courage is not appropriate only for one gender. In the sayings of the desert mothers we so often find encouragement to the silence and meekness that we can tell about deep theology of silence in their thinking.

Józef Figiel

nie dotyczy

Rafał Toczko

This paper takes under a detailed scrutiny some passages from the Letters 132, 135 and 137 among the Corpus of Augustine’s correspondence. The author casts some light on the cultural contexts of the Augustinian letters as it is presented in the contemporary research. In the outcome, a new reading of the correspondence with Volusianus is offered. The main thesis argumented for in this study is that what we encounter in these letters is a public philosophical dispute, in which both sides tried to discredit the counterparts as lacking in terms of ethical and strictly professional i.e. philosophical competences. The stake is the spiritual and intellec­tual authority of Augustine and the validity of Christian philosophy, especially of the Christian concept of divinity and its presence.

Aleksandra Krauze-Kołodziej

nie dotyczy

Jerzy Wojtczak-Szyszkowski

recenzja

Stanisław Longosz

recenzja

Manuel Amante Sánchez

Entre la producción cerámica del mundo antiguo se encuentran unas piezas que destacan por su función y belleza, nos referimos a las lucernas. Hasta obtener su forma definitiva, las lucernas sufrieron una larga evolución que podemos remontar a la prehistoria, donde se fabricaban en hueso o piedra, obteniendo ejemplares tan bellos como la conocida lámpara decorada de La Mouthel, y usando como combustible la grasa animal. Con la aparición de la agricultura y la cerámica en la cuenca mediterránea, las lámparas sufrirán una transformación total. Será ahora el barro la materia prima para su construcción y el aceite de los olivos mediterráneos el combustible ideal para su funcionamiento. Las más antiguas, fabricadas a mano o a torno, son recipientes llanos, abiertos en forma de escudilla. Con el tiempo se les añadirá una especie de pico pellizcando la pasta con los dedos; y en ocasiones estos picos son más de uno. Siguiendo su evolución, más adelante, las lámparas presentarán un cuerpo circular, pico, asa y el inicio de una orla realizada de manera sencilla, introduciendo hacia el interior del cuerpo los bordes de la pieza. Sobre este modelo surgirá primero la lucerna helenística, cuyas características son: su alto pie, pasta ligera y fina, así como un gran reservorio prácticamente cerrado; y posteriormente, la romana, con unas claras diferencias. Será a partir del siglo II a.d.C., cuando con el empleo generalizado de moldes5, se podrán fabricar en cantidades que favorecerán su exportación a todo el mundo conocido.

A. González Blanco

María Gloria Guillén Pérez de Ploch

Luciana M. Mirri

BRAK

Marian Babiński

L'objet de la conference etait de demontrer, tout en s'appuyant sur les propos de Seneque qui concernent les problemes de l’"actio" et de la "contemplatio".

Bazyli Degórski

L’articolo ripercorre brevemente le norme delle Regole monastiche paleocristiane riguardanti le opere caritative. Sono stati presi in considerazione i seguenti legislatori monastici: san Pacomio, san Basilio, sant’Agostino, Rabbula vescovo di Edessa.

Stanisław Longosz

sprawozdanie

Bazyli Degórski

sprawozdanie

Antoni Żurek

Uno dei piu grandi temi che Agostino discussi con i donatisti fu il tema del battesimo. I donatisti difendevano la loro pratica di ribattezzare quelli che passavano nella loro file fondandosi sull’autorita di Cipriano. Dal loro punto di vista solo la „Chiesa dei santi” ha il potere di battezzare. Secondo Agostino occorre distinguere il sacramento in se stesso, che e sempre Santo, perche e di Christo, dagli effetti del Sacramento, che sono la remissione dei peccati e il dono dello Spirito Santo. Questi effetti non si verificano se non c’e una vera conversione del cuore e se non si vive nella „communio sanctorum” che e la Chiesa. Nell’articolo viene sviluppato la dimensione cristologica ed ecclesiale del sacramento del battesimo secondo Agostino.

Elżbieta Kotkowska

Analyzing the work of St Gregory of Nyssa, in the first approximation we can say that he is a typical representative of his age. In the theology of the 4th century the power of God as the absolute ruler was emphasized more than his other attributes, so the image of God did not show him as the One who reigns through humility. In this regard, it is worthwhile to draw attention to a small, polemic treatise In illud: tunc ipse filius of St Gregory, in which his understanding of God's omnipotence receives a deeper dimension that appears to the modern man. In his work, this Father of the Church comments on one verse from the Letter of St Paul to the Corinthians: „And when everything is subjected to him, then the Son himself with be subject in his tum to the One who subjected alt things to him, so that God may be all in all" (1 Cor 15, 28; KJ). The problem which preoccupied Gregory of Nyssa, was the incorrect opinion or heresy of Arius and his followers. According to them, the Son is subjected to God, by the rule of creation, so He cannot be equal to God the Father and, in this way, He is not God. One from the crown arguments, which the Arians used were St. Paul’s words from his Letter to the Corinthians. However, the Bishop of Nyssa shows, that exactly this quotation, from the historical-salvific perspective, emphasizes the divinity of Christ. He portrays to us the Son who is subjected to God's vivifying power and the Father who receives the Son's subjection in His human nature. So, in this way, God is omnipotent on the cross, as a humble man. The image of God, which emerges from Gregory's theology, allows us to include his voice into present discussion of God's omnipotence and man's free will.

Jan Słomka

tłumaczenie

Wincenty Myszor

Hoc in elencho brevi introductione praecesso enumerantur loca textuum, qui in patrologia docenda adhiberi possint.