Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

VIENESCU ANA MARIA EMILIA, NEAMTU ADINA CLAUDIA

Global warming and its increasingly visible consequences (ecosystem degradation, loss of natural resources, pressure on quality of life and economic instability) require a re-evaluation of the role of marketing in relation to society and the environment. In an economy under the pressure of climate change, marketing can no longer be limited to product promotion, but becomes a strategic instrument for guiding behaviours toward long-term sustainability and responsibility. Recent research increasingly highlights the discrepancy between declarative “green” communication and the real actions of organizations, the phenomenon of greenwashing generating distrust and affecting corporate legitimacy. While this reconceptualization seeks to align economic objectives with the need to reduce environmental impact, the growing public interest in “green” products and initiatives has also generated a spread of the greenwashing phenomenon, through which some organizations communicate exaggerated or misleading ecological performances that they do not actually support. This phenomenon fuels consumer skepticism, undermines the credibility of sustainable marketing, and limits the ability of companies with authentic practices to differentiate their efforts. As a result of these actions, contemporary marketing must move beyond the stage of superficial communication and orient itself toward transparency, measurable evidence, and real responsibility, offering a solid framework for building a relationship of trust between organizations and society.

Lucas Irwin, Tung-Yu Wu, Fazl Barez

The development of AGI threatens to erode government tax bases, lower living standards, and disempower citizens -- risks that make the 40-year stagnation of wages during the first industrial revolution look mild in comparison. While AI safety research has focused primarily on capability risks, comparatively little work has studied how to mitigate the economic risks of AGI. In this paper, we argue that the economic risks posed by a post-AGI world can be effectively mitigated by token taxes: usage-based surcharges on model inference applied at the point of sale. We situate token taxes within previous proposals for robot taxes and identify two key advantages: they are enforceable through existing compute governance infrastructure, and they capture value where AI is used rather than where models are hosted. For enforcement, we outline a staged audit pipeline -- black-box token verification, norm-based tax rates, and white-box audits. For impact, we highlight the need for agent-based modeling of token taxes' economic effects. Finally, we discuss alternative approaches including FLOP taxes, and how to prevent AI superpowers vetoing such measures.

Krishna Mani Nath, Bipan Hazarika, Hemanta Kalita

In this paper, we present a new fractal derivative with a nonsingular kernel and analyze its fundamental properties. The effectiveness of the proposed operator is illustrated through the study of economic models using both the Caputo fractal derivative and the new fractal derivative.

BABUCEA ANA-GABRIELA

Nowadays, organizational data management strategies are fundamental, especially for organizations that are looking for long-term competitiveness. Cloud computing is the solution and one of two main technological approaches: migrating their traditional database systems to the cloud infrastructure or adopting cloud-native databases purpose built to leverage the capabilities of cloud environments. However, specific situations make one or the other of the two approaches the optimal solution. Even if the cloud-migrated database systems can offer familiar architectures and reduced initial conversion efforts, they frequently encounter limitations associated with vertical scalability, efficient utilization of the resources, and fully exploiting cloud elasticity. In parallel, cloud-native databases enable improved resilience and performance in dynamic workloads by integrated features such as horizontal autoscaling, distributed consistency mechanisms, automated failover, and managed operational overhead. Using a conceptual framework concerning architectural, operational, economic, and compliance criteria highlighted in literature on the subject, the paper aims for a comparative analysis of the two approaches.

Ali Zeytoon-Nejad

Business growth is a goal of great importance for its both private and social benefits. Many firms view business growth as an imperative for their survival, stability, and long-term success. Business growth can be socially beneficial, too, as it enables businesses to expand into new territories where they can stimulate economic growth and development, creates more jobs, increase living standards, and better serve their communities by giving back more through Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives. Business growth must be planned reasonably and optimally so that it can effectively achieve its critical ambitions in business practice. The current common practices for planning the supply side of business growth are usually ad-hoc and lack well-established mathematical and economic foundations. The present paper argues that business growth planning can be pursued more structurally, reliably, and meaningfully within the framework of Growth Accounting (GA), which was first introduced by Economics Nobel Laureate Robert Solow to study economic growth. It is shown that, although GA was initially put forth as a procedure to explain "economic growth" ex-post, it can similarly be used to plan "business growth" ex-ante when a general backward approach is taken in its procedure-called Backward Growth Accounting (BGA) in this paper. Taking this well-established economic-mathematical approach to planning business growth will enhance the current practices conceptually and structurally, as it is built on the basis of economic logic and mathematical tools. BGA can help businesses identify and plan for key drivers of output growth and assess shortcomings in the growth process, such as poor productivity, inadequate labor utilization, or insufficient capital investment. The paper outlines an eight-step procedure for planning business growth using BGA and includes appendices with real-world examples.

Avik Ghosh, Adil Khurram, Jan Kleissl et al.

As opposed to stabilizing to a reference trajectory or state, Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) optimizes economic performance over a prediction horizon, making it particularly attractive for economic microgrid (MG) dispatch. However, as load and generation forecasts are only known 24-48 h in advance, economically optimal steady states or periodic trajectories are not available and the EMPC-based works that rely on these signals are inadequate. In addition, demand charges, based on maximum monthly grid import power of the MG, cannot be easily casted as an additive cost, which prevents the application of the principle of optimality if introduced naively. In this work, we propose to close this mismatch between the EMPC prediction horizon and existing monthly timescales by means of an appropriately generated baseline reference trajectory. To do this, we first propose an EMPC formulation for a generic deterministic discrete non-linear time-varying system subject to hard state and input constraints. We then show that, under mild assumptions on the terminal cost and region, the asymptotic average economic cost of the proposed method is no worse than a baseline given by any arbitrary reference trajectory that is only known online. In particular, this results into a practical, finite-time upper bound on the average economic cost difference with the baseline that decreases linearly to zero as time goes to infinity. We then show how the proposed EMPC framework can be used to solve optimal MG dispatch problems, introducing various costs and constraints that conform to the required assumptions. By means of this framework, we conduct realistic simulations with data from the Port of San Diego MG, which demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce monthly electricity costs in closed-loop with respect to established baseline reference trajectories.

Feng-Ji Chen, Chao-Kai Wen, De-Ming Chian

While numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the feasibility of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology, most have primarily focused on extending coverage. In contrast, this paper presents an experimental evaluation of multiple active RISs deployed in a 5G multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) commercial network, emphasizing enhancements in channel rank and throughput. We propose a low-complexity, codebook-based beamforming algorithm specifically tailored for multi-RIS configurations, which diversifies directional channels and reduces reliance on explicit channel state information. Field tests using a commercial base station and user equipment reveal that the multi-RIS system can improve channel rank and throughput by up to 14% compared to single-RIS deployments, while maintaining low computational complexity. These findings underscore the practical benefits of active multi-RIS systems for next-generation networks.

Mingxue Yan, Xuewen Zhang, Kaixiang Zhang et al.

In this paper, we propose a convex data-based economic predictive control method within the framework of data-enabled predictive control (DeePC). Specifically, we use a neural network to transform the system output into a new state space, where the nonlinear economic cost function of the underlying nonlinear system is approximated using a quadratic function expressed by the transformed output in the new state space. Both the neural network parameters and the coefficients of the quadratic function are learned from open-loop data of the system. Additionally, we reconstruct constrained output variables from the transformed output through learning an output reconstruction matrix; this way, the proposed economic DeePC can handle output constraints explicitly. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via a case study in a simulated chemical process.

SUCIU TEODORA MARIA

The absorption of European funds is widely seen as a way of economic growth and job creation through payments made from the EU budget as co-financing for eligible projects granted to EU member states. The article presents a study on the absorption of European funds in the last 3 states that entered the European Union for the last programming period 2021-2027 and investigates the determining factors of the absorption of European funds in Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. The average absorption rate at the EU level is 68% at the end of 2022. The findings of the estimates of economic and human development on the absorption of European funds show us multiple negative influences of the independent variables due to the fact that the analysis was carried out on the new countries that entered the EU have recorded low absorption rates of European funds. Positive influences are observed in the case of Gross capital formation, Imports of goods and services, Expense and Human Capital Index, but some of the variables are statistically insignificant.

S M Toufiqul Huq Sowrov

International trade has been in the forefront of economic development and growth debates. Trade openness, its definition, scope, and impacts have also been studied numerously. Tariff has been dubbed as negative influencer of economic growth as per conventional wisdom and most empirical studies. This paper empirically examines relationships among trade openness as trade share to GDP, import tariff rate and economic growth. Panel dataset of 11 G-20 member countries were selected for the study. Results found a positively significant correlation between trade openness and economic growth. Tariff has negatively significant correlation with economic growth in lagged model. OLS and panel data fixed-effects regression were employed to carry out the regression analysis. To deal with endogeneity in trade openness variable, a 1-year lag regression technique was conducted. Results are robust and significant. Policy recommendation suggests country specific trade opening and tariff relaxation.

ARISTEA KOUNANI, , ALEXANDRA PAVLOUDI, STAMATIS AGGELOPOULOS et al.

In the last few years, since the implementation of circular economy (CE) is necessary for the transition to a sustainable food system, academics and practitioners have paid increasing attention to the CE concept. CE evaluations today have not demonstrated satisfactory results to meet the context of CE, as most of the indicators are focused on resource efficiency, waste disposal and recycling rates, or a particular stage of the product or process, ignoring the system perspective. In spite of the research community's extensive work, an effective tool to measure circularity in the agri-food industry has not yet been developed. This study aims to highlight the CE tools, based on scientific literature and practice, so as to identify those that could assess circularity in olive oil mills. Due to the uncontrolled disposal of waste from olive oil mills, the Mediterranean countries that produce the majority of olive oil have to cope with major environmental issues. Therefore, the assessment of circularity in order to identify the transition to CE in this sector is of great importance for these countries.

Frederic Wien, Richard Williams

In recent decades, First Nations across Canada have used a variety of instruments to rebuild their economies and societies, not without a struggle but also with measurable success. These instruments include levers like certain provisions of the Indian Act related to taxation on reserve, the pursuit of specific and comprehensive land claims, Treaty Land Entitlement settlements that have provided an avenue for the creation of urban-based reserves and business development, and Aboriginal and treaty rights recognized by the Supreme Court. It is the latter that is the subject of this article, especially the two Marshall decisions issued by the Court in 1999, which recognized the treaty right of First Nations in the Maritime region to fish for a moderate livelihood.2 In this article, we will describe the decision, the reaction to it from various parties, ongoing flashpoints that have the potential to generate tension and conflict, and some possible paths forward.

Sihem Guidoum , Saadi Elkhansa

    This study examines the relationship between mobile payment app quality and customer loyalty, using the Baridi Mob case. It also investigates the role of customer satisfaction as a mediator. The research model includes app design, privacy, security, reliability, and ease of use, as well as customer satisfaction and loyalty. Data analysis was based on 435 responses. The structural equation modelling technique was used to estimate the hypothesized relationships. The results show that reliability and ease of use have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction also has a positive effect on loyalty. Furthermore, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and loyalty, with reliability and ease of use being fully mediated and app design being indirectly mediated. Security and privacy do not have a mediated relationship. These findings can be useful for Baridi Mob providers in managing services and improving quality and satisfaction.

Ajit Desai

This article provides a curated review of selected papers published in prominent economics journals that use machine learning (ML) tools for research and policy analysis. The review focuses on three key questions: (1) when ML is used in economics, (2) what ML models are commonly preferred, and (3) how they are used for economic applications. The review highlights that ML is particularly used to process nontraditional and unstructured data, capture strong nonlinearity, and improve prediction accuracy. Deep learning models are suitable for nontraditional data, whereas ensemble learning models are preferred for traditional datasets. While traditional econometric models may suffice for analyzing low-complexity data, the increasing complexity of economic data due to rapid digitalization and the growing literature suggests that ML is becoming an essential addition to the econometrician's toolbox.

Mirhan Ürkmez, Carsten Kallesøe, Jan Dimon Bendtsen et al.

This paper deals with the control of pumps in large-scale water distribution networks with the aim of minimizing economic costs while satisfying operational constraints. Finding a control algorithm in combination with a model that can be applied in real-time is a challenging problem due to the nonlinearities presented by the pipes and the network sizes. We propose a predictive control algorithm with a periodic horizon. The method provides a way for the economic operation of large water networks with a small linear model. Economic Predictive control with a periodic horizon and a terminal state constraint is constructed to keep the state trajectories close to an optimal periodic trajectory. Barrier terms are also included in the cost function to prevent constraint violations. The proposed method is tested on the EPANET implementation of the water network of a medium size Danish town (Randers) and shown to perform as intended under varying conditions.

Vassiliki Olbassali, Christos Karelakis, Konstadinos Mattas

The vortex of the financial crisis that struck European countries did not impact them as it has primarily affected the Mediterranean periphery. Instead, Greece was the prominent victim, both in terms of duration and size of crisis, with radical changes implemented. The present study explores the determinants of administrative and organizational amendments in the general rural administration during the economic crisis. Data were gathered through a qualitative survey with public officers and stakeholders and were gauged through a Delphi policy framework. The empirical study focuses on implementing crisis management and change management practices in the public sector. The results indicated that public administration was neither prepared to confront the crisis nor the changes that followed. On the other hand, stakeholders claim that despite all the changes that have occurred, the bureaucracy was unaffected and that there is a need for public services to be enhanced. The lessons derived suggest more profound shifts in the administrative practice, culture, implementation of organizational knowledge and tools to deal with crises and changes combined with organizational learning.

Luca Maria Aiello, Sagar Joglekar, Daniele Quercia

The strength of social relations has been shown to affect an individual's access to opportunities. To date, however, the correspondence between tie strength and population's economic prospects has not been quantified, largely because of the inability to operationalise strength based on Granovetter's classic theory. Our work departed from the premise that tie strength is a unidimensional construct (typically operationalized with frequency or volume of contact), and used instead a validated model of ten fundamental dimensions of social relationships grounded in the literature of social psychology. We built state-of-the-art NLP tools to infer the presence of these dimensions from textual communication, and analyzed a large conversation network of 630K geo-referenced Reddit users across the entire US connected by 12.8M social ties created over the span of 7 years. We found that unidimensional tie strength is only weakly correlated with economic opportunities (R2=0.30), while multidimensional constructs are highly correlated (R2=0.62). In particular, economic opportunities are associated to the combination of: i) knowledge ties, which bridge geographically distant groups, facilitating the knowledge dissemination across communities; and ii) social support ties, which knit geographically close communities together, and represent dependable sources of social and emotional support. These results point to the importance of developing high-quality measures of tie strength in network theory.

ANA-MARIA COMÂNDARU (ANDREI), ADRIANA PADURARU (HORAICU)

The market economy implies the permanent optimization of an accounting system that ensures: modern methods, policies, and strategies compatible with the requirements of the current economy oriented towards the support of longterm sustainable economic activities. The increase in business relations' complexity has determined a profound revolution in management and implicitly in accounting as the main source of information and assistance in the decisionmaking process. Also, the configuration and complexity of the functional and technical-organizational structure of economic entities, the variety of activities, and the continuous introduction of advanced technologies are endogenous factors that require the assertion of environmental management accounting as an essential component of the accounting system. In this sense, the chapter presents the importance of streamlining all stages of organizing environmental management accounting to identify relevant solutions for managing adequate information and all existing resources available to economic entities.

M'hamed ZIAD

This article returns to the Association Agreement concluded and signed between the Algerian government and the European Union in April 2002. Also, with a view to extending the purely commercial aspects, such as the creation of a free trade area in 2021, it seemed interesting to us to analyse, in the current context of falling oil prices, the prospects for the Algerian economy through these agreements on energy cooperation, since Algeria presents an important energy pole for the EU through its oil, gas and electricity networks, and its geographical proximity to Europe. Cet article revient sur l’accord d’association conclu et signé entre le gouvernement algérien et l’UE, en avril 2002. Aussi, dans l’objectif d’une extension des aspects purement commerciaux comme la création d’une zone de libre échange en 2022, il nous a semblé intéressant d’analyser, dans le contexte actuel de chute des prix pétroliers, les perspectives de l’économie algérienne par ces accords sur la coopération énergétique, puisque l’Algérie présente un pôle énergétique important pour l’UE à travers ses réseaux pétrolier, gazier et électrique, et sa proximité géographique avec l’Europe.   

MARGARETA FĂGĂDAR (GHIȘA)

The rapid evolution of information and communication science and technologies has an impact on any aspect of human relations. Modern computer systems provide the possibility of automatic control of various activities, which involve the management of funds. The computerization of public institutions allows at the same time to several users of the administration, the access to the desired information, which have become a strategic resource in the development of the society. Financial accounting information is the product of accounting and external reporting systems that quantify and disclose to the public data on the financial position and performance of local government. In the digital environment, the ability to compete and evolve increasingly depends on the innovative and efficient application of new information and communication technologies. Public authorities make a constant effort to achieve the integration of their own information systems, to allow information to flow freely within its systems, and thus to create an efficient administration. The undertaken research envisages a combination of current exploratory research methods, which offers vast possibilities in the study of the influence of financial and accounting information on managerial decisions and economic growth, as well as on the development of localities. The purpose of this paper is to present the influence of financial accounting information, their transparency, the infrastructure of the locality, county or region, on their economic growth and development. Information technology contributes to the support of decision-making processes, as well as to the involvement in working groups, which determines the increase of performance.