Hasil untuk "Chemical engineering"

F. Clauser

Todd C. Holmes, S. Lacalle, Xing Su et al.

T. Mammoto, D. Ingber

Ji Chen, S. Spear, J. Huddleston et al.

L. Mai, Xiaocong Tian, Xu Xu et al.

S. R. S. Kalpakjian

Binshen Wang, Liping Qin, Tiancheng Mu et al.

Yuhui Li, Guoyou Huang, Xiaohui Zhang et al.

A. A. Qabany, K. Soga, C. Santamarina

W. Tan, M. Donovan, Jian-hui Jiang

Young Chan Kim, N. Jeon, J. Noh et al.

J. Yun, J. Seidel, Jincheol Kim et al.

Zhiyuan Wang, G. P. Rangaiah

LIU Donglin, ZHOU Xia, DAI Jianfeng, XIE Xiangpeng, TANG Yi, LI Juanshi

Integrated energy systems in buildings are an effective means to achieve low-carbon buildings. To further tap into their demand-side flexibility adjustable potential and carbon reduction potential, and reasonably allocate the interests of various entities in the building integrated energy system, a bi-level optimization scheduling strategy for building integrated energy system considering virtual energy storage in buildings under Stackelberg game framework is proposed. First, the thermal inertia of the cooling and heating system inside the building and the flexibility of the cooling and heating load are considered to leverage the virtual energy storage function of the building and improve system flexibility in the game model. Then, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the upper-level pricing model of energy operators, updating the purchase and sale electricity prices set by upper-level leaders, while the CPLEX solver is used to solve the lower-level problem, optimizing equipment output, demand response, and electricity trading plans. Finally, the proposed model is verified by case studies that it can effectively improve the economic performance and low-carbon characteristics of building integrated energy systems.

Tamara Machinjili, Chikondi Maluwa, Chawanluk Raungsri et al.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to chronic disease burden, necessitating identification of accessible dietary antioxidant sources. Pigeon peas (<i>Cajanus cajan</i> L.) contain substantial bioactive compounds, yet most exist in bound forms with limited bioavailability. This study evaluated wild fermentation combined with systematic extraction optimization to enhance antioxidant recovery from pigeon peas. Seeds underwent wild fermentation in brine solution, followed by extraction under varying conditions (seven solvent systems, three temperatures, and three-time durations). Multiple complementary assays assessed antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and ABTS activity). Fermentation substantially improved antioxidant properties across all parameters, with particularly pronounced effects on radical scavenging activities. Extraction optimization identified 70% methanol at 40 °C for 24 h as optimal, demonstrating marked improvements over conventional protocols. Strong intercorrelations among assays confirmed coordinated enhancement of multiple antioxidant mechanisms rather than isolated changes. The findings demonstrate that both biotechnological processing and analytical methodology critically influence antioxidant characterization in pigeon peas. This integrated approach offers practical guidance for developing antioxidant-rich functional foods, particularly relevant for resource-limited settings where pigeon peas serve as dietary staples. The study establishes foundation for translating fermentation technology into nutritional interventions, though further research addressing bioavailability, microbiological characterization, and bioactive compound identification remains essential.

F. Rosso, A. Giordano, M. Barbarisi et al.

Sholpan Askarova, Kseniia Sitdikova, Aliya Kassenova et al.

Fullerenes and fullerenols exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising candidates for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. Unlike conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, these compounds have multitargeted effects, including their ability to inhibit amyloid fibril formation. However, few studies have explored their efficacy in high-validity AD models. Female APPswe/PS1E9 (APP/PS1) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were orally administered with fullerene C₆₀ (0.1 mg/kg/day) or fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₂₄ (0.15 mg/kg/day) for 10 months starting at 2 months of age. Behavioral assessments were performed at 12 months of age. Amyloid plaque density and size were analyzed in the brain regions using Congo red staining. The expression of genes related to inflammation and plasticity was examined, and an in vitro assay was used to test the toxicity of fullerenol and its effect on amyloid β peptide 42 (Aβ42)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Fullerenol reduced the maximum plaque size in the cortex and hippocampus, decreased the small plaque density in the hippocampus and thalamus, and prevented an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cell density in the mutants. Both treatments improved cognitive and emotional behaviors and reduced <i>Il1β</i> and increased <i>Sirt1</i> expression. In vitro, fullerenol was non-toxic across a range of concentrations and reduced Aβ42-induced ROS production in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. Long-term administration of fullerene or fullerenol improved behavioral and molecular markers of AD in APP/PS1 mice, with fullerenol showing additional benefits in reducing amyloid burden.

Ho Thi Ngoc Tram, Pham Van Thinh, Truong Ngoc Minh et al.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a biologically active amino acid with numerous health benefits. This study aimed to optimize the production of GABA-enriched Mang Buk brown rice through fermentation with various Lactobacillus strains. The impact of incubation temperature, duration, pH levels, and Lactobacillus concentration on GABA content were systematically investigated. The results revealed that in the presence of Lactobacillus brevis under specific conditions, GABA concentrations significantly increased to 8.16 mg/100gDW. Additionally, the condition of 35 °C and 30h of incubation consistently resulted in the highest GABA content across different Lactobacillus strains. However, the increase in the concentration of Lactobacillus involved in the fermentation process led to a rapid decline in GABA content. Simultaneously, the most suitable operating environment for yeast was determined to be at a pH range of 5–6. After fermentation under optimal conditions, the GABA content reached 24.01 mg/100g DW, representing a 141.24-fold increase compared to the initial content. These results were validated using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. These findings highlight the potential for tailored fermentation strategies to produce nutritionally rich GABA-enriched rice products with promising health benefits. The optimized process presents an opportunity for expanding the production of functional foods with enhanced nutritional value.

Justyna Szadzińska, Katarzyna Waszkowiak, Dominik Mierzwa

In recent years, microwave and ultrasound technology has been under extensive development in drying technologies. Researchers are constantly searching for improved solutions or alternatives to hot air drying. The goal of this work was to determine the intermittent action of ultrasound and microwaves on convective drying. An examination of five specific cases of stationary and nonstationary drying processes was conducted. The evolution of moisture content and drying rate over process time was discussed, and the average drying rate and time, drying constant, effective diffusion coefficient, and specific energy consumption were also compared. To identify the differences between the dried products, the quality characteristics such as: water activity, color, shrinkage, rehydration, polyphenol content, odor, and flavor of apples were analyzed. The results indicate that intermittent drying provides a good alternative to convective drying, including when combined with microwave and ultrasound treatments. Applying microwaves or ultrasound intermittently resulted in an increase in the effective diffusion coefficient (by 68%) and drying rate (by 117%) and a reduction in drying time (by 53%), compared to convective drying. This processing method resulted in lower energy consumption by up to 13% and well-preserved quality attributes—this could be very promising for the production of healthy, ready-to-eat apple snacks.

Yuta Yaegashi, Hiroki Muramatsu, Naoki Shimada et al.

A solid volume fraction type immersed boundary method and a ghost cell immersed boundary method are combined for solving flows with scalar transport such as concentration of chemical species and heat. For solving the velocity field, the former immersed boundary method is applied, while for scalar transport, the latter immersed boundary method is applied. The proposed combined immersed boundary method is verified with some benchmark problems and successfully treats complicated geometries such as porous media with a structured mesh.