The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) has rapidly expanded within the Italian National Fire and Rescue Service, becoming a strategic asset for technical emergency response. Their rapid deployment, aerial overview capabilities, and integration of optical and thermal sensors allow responders to efficiently assess complex scenarios, improving safety and decision-making during operations. This paper illustrates several operational applications of drones in emergency contexts: search and rescue missions in forests, rural, or mountainous areas where thermal imaging supports the rapid identification of missing persons; wildfire management and post-event analysis through infrared imagery and georeferenced orthophotos for hotspot detection and burn-surface estimation; monitoring of industrial or waste-treatment facility fires where access is hazardous; and nighttime operations conducted in low-visibility conditions. The real-time acquisition of aerial data enhances coordination between ground teams and command units, supporting the tactical planning and evaluation of suppression strategies.
The increasing integration of UAS technologies highlights their essential contribution to operational effectiveness, reduction of intervention times, and protection of emergency personnel. Future developments will further strengthen their role through improved sensor performance and interoperability with command-and-control systems.
<p>We used eight co-located global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations with different antenna mounts to estimate atmospheric signal propagation delays in the zenith direction and linear horizontal gradients. The gradients are compared with the results from a water vapour radiometer (WVR). The water drops in the atmosphere have a negative influence on the retrieval accuracy of the WVR. Hence, we see better agreement using WVR data with a liquid water content (LWC) less than 0.05 mm compared to when LWC values of up to 0.7 mm are included. We used two different constraints when estimating the linear gradients from the GNSS data. Using a weak constraint enhances the GNSS estimates to track large gradients of short duration at the cost of increased formal errors. To mitigate random noise in the GNSS gradients, we adopted a fusion approach, averaging estimates from the GNSS stations. This resulted in significant improvements for the agreement with the WVR data, a maximum of 17 % increase in the correlation, and a 14 % reduction in the root mean square (RMS) difference for the east gradients. The corresponding values for the north gradients are both 25 %. Overall, no large differences in terms of quality are observed for the eight GNSS stations. However, one station shows slightly poorer agreement for the north gradients compared to the others. This is attributed to the station's proximity to a radio telescope, which causes data loss of observations at low-elevation angles in the south-south-west direction.</p>
Abstract The decentralisation of administrative power has been accepted as a more efficient system of managing their population in their own territories. Broadly speaking, almost all governmental and non-governmental organisations are converging on the need to transfer increasingly autonomous, endogenous, and autotrophic powers or functions to localities. Although locations are closer to people and problems, they have fewer resources, whether financial, human, or technological, which makes it difficult to obtain data and consequently make decisions. Several reasons allow the decision to be taken under political principles or others that are more difficult to legitimise. Cadastral purposes have historically been related to tax policy or taxes levied on real estate. In recent studies, it has been published that the cadastre is not only useful for taxation and real estate taxation but may also be useful for interventions that government authorities define for urban and rural development. In this paper, we address the relationships between these topics, namely, the municipalisation of some functions of the State, the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) and the bases for correct decision-making based on useful information obtained by cadastral strategies. The methodology uses Gastil's theoretical model applied to cadastral system, Latour's Actor-Network Theory, and the concepts of citizen participation and open government to validate the cadastre as an interesting component for the implementation of collective initiatives aligned with the SDG. The results show that public policies need to be legitimised in the eyes of citizens and that in their eyes it is not enough just to improve the quality of their results, it is necessary to legitimise them from their conception, planning, and implementation.
The article focuses on the characterization of waterlogged quarries: their emergence, functioning and legal aspects of use; the issues of state registration of land plots occupied by waterlogged quarries are considered. The article substantiates the composition of cadastral works required for registration of a real estate object with the State cadastral register, and reviews the methods and regulatory requirements for the accuracy of determining the boundaries of land plots. It is recommended to carry out cadastral works taking into account and controlling the ecological and sanitary-epidemiological condition of a waterlogged quarry, which will provide the necessary information to public authorities, local self-government bodies, individuals and legal entities in the course of regulation and management of land relations for the organization of rational use and protection of land plots occupied by waterlogged quarries.
The foreign experience in the organization of management systems is analyzed, the principles of the use of land resources applicable to the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are considered. The main requirements for cadastral data in the land information systems of the EU countries are summarized.
The article deals with current problems of Eurointegration process
in the field of land management education. The need for changes in the field of higher
education in the process of teaching disciplines of land management specialities
is proved, taking into account the importance of raising students’ knowledge level
to develop a consciousness of the European values unity and provide future
employment, including the European labor market. The purpose of the article
is to develop approaches and principles of educational process, as well as the
activities of higher educational institutions in general in order to increase the level
of students’ knowledge and develop essential professional skills and social involvement
in European processes in the field of land management.
A method of scientific analysis, synthesis and generalization of current national
and European approaches to teaching land management disciplines to students is
used in the article. As a result of the research it was established that a comprehensive
approach should be applied to teaching discipline. It includes introduction of
new disciplines or subjects on European principles of land management into
educational process; conducting scientific research in this area; cooperation with
other educational institutions, and representatives of the StateGeoCadastre bodies,
land management organizations; as well as free dissemination of scientific research.
The material presented in this article is the foundation for organizing and improving the
educational process in the field of land management education.
In this article the concepts and essential features of non-conventional
agricultural land use have been defined. The main economic and land management
actions were designated to ensure the greening and capitalization of nonconventional agricultural land use.
In modern economic science, the terms "organic farming" and "nonconventional farming" are often used at the same time and often equated. However,
in our opinion, there are a number of differences between them, so it is necessary to
harmonize the interpretation of relevant concepts and categories.
Non-conventional land use should be understood as the process of organizing
economically efficient, environmentally friendly and socially-oriented use of
agricultural land as means of basic production in close interaction with the
environment, and with land ownership relations (where human and its intellect are
the key to the formation of land capital). Key aspects of the essence of nonconventional land use are its greening and capitalization. This can be provided by
the following means: studying of the land and soil suitability for growing, for
example, niche crops, within the land use; working out different options for the nonconventional land use development; land management options development and
implementation of land improvements; developing a forecast for the economic
efficiency of land use; deciding on the feasibility of organizing non-conventional land
use; development of an economic management plan for the organization of nonconventional land use.
Aleksandra Radulović, Dubravka Sladić, Miro Govedarica
This paper proposes a Serbian cadastral domain model as the country profile for the real estate cadastre, based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), defined within ISO 19152. National laws and other legal acts were analyzed and the incorrect applications of the law are outlined. The national “Strategy of measures and activities for increasing the quality of services in the field of geospatial data and registration of real property rights in the official state records”, which was adopted in 2017, cites the shortcomings of the existing cadastral information system. The proposed profile can solve several problems with the system, such as the lack of interoperability, mismatch of graphic and alphanumeric data, and lack of an integrated cadastral information system. Based on the existing data, the basic concepts of the Serbian cadastre were extracted and the applicability of LADM was tested on an obtained conceptual model. Upon obtaining positive results, a complete country profile was developed according to valid national laws and rulebooks. A table of mappings of LADM classes and country profile classes is presented in this paper, together with an analysis of the conformance level. The proposed Serbian country profile is completely conformant at the medium level and on several high-level classes. LADM also provides support for three-dimensional (3D) representations and 3D registration of rights, so the creation of a country profile for Serbia is a starting point toward a 3D cadastre. Given the existence of buildings with overlapping rights and restrictions in 3D, considering expanding the spatial profile with 3D geometries is necessary. Possible solutions to these situations were analyzed. Since the two-dimensional (2D) cadastre in Serbia is not fully formed, the proposed solution is to use the 2D model for simple right situations, and the 3D model for more complex situations.
Getting the maximum economic effect on agricultural lands without environmental performance needs to restore these areas. The main objective of optimum utilization of land resources is a process of territorial organization, in which the need to apply the most effective option to use the whole complex of land resources for the greatest productive potential of agricultural land.
The concept of "productive potential" is considered as the combination of characteristics of land and natural conditions, shaped by human society, and determine the nature of the rational use of land in the area of expanded reproduction. In general terms the maximum opportunity in the economy. The productive potential of land is not a sustainable figure. During the agricultural use of the land productive potential is constantly changing due to the gradual improvement or reduction of logistics, soil fertility and obtaining agricultural products.
The productive capacity of agricultural land is proposed to assess the following indicators: a qualitative characterization of soils and agricultural technologies. These indicators are as diverse comparative calculation to be posted in stages.
First of all, draws attention to the qualitative characteristics of the soil, which is the basis for growing crops. Data on basic indicators of soil to be correct and complex to define parameters of soil and expressed through generalized estimation of fertility. These figures are in agrochemical passport fields. The final calculation serves agrochemical and environmental agrochemical evaluation, filed in points.
Modern agricultural technologies is a complex process operations management processes productive crops in artificial ecosystems to achieve the forecasted yields and product quality while ensuring environmental safety and some economic efficiency. Number of applied agricultural technologies depends on the complexity of environmental conditions and the level of planned productivity. The more intense agricultural technologies, especially natural factors must be considered.
To improve performance and improvement of production in agriculture advanced countries in the world use precision agriculture. When used precision agriculture systems plant receives the amount of substances which it needs. By fertilizing spot, where they are needed, minimized costs of acquisition
Equally important set of measures aimed at improving the natural environment is reclamation. Thanks to the introduction of more productive land reclamation, increasing their resistance to adverse climatic conditions and creates an environment that best meets the requirements that are in agriculture.
Bet the use of productive potential site is reduced to an objective assessment of the environmental and economic interests and study the most effective ways to implement them.
Prevention of the costs of restoring soil quality and further increase the full net production effects that positively influence the formation of the productive potential of agricultural land.
Planning and distribution economy with state ownership of agricultural enterprises, which were dominant in the early 90s the economy of the country, was unable to provide normal functioning of the agricultural land use in the conditions of transition to market relations. To switch to another economic system began a gradual process of transformation of agricultural enterprises. The result of this process was the change in the structure of agrarian enterprises due to privatization and raspaevaniya land, and appearance from small-scale farms to large agricultural enterprises. Today identified market actors (enterprises) in agriculture: business companies, private enterprises, production cooperatives, farmers, public enterprises, other forms of management.
The most common kind of private business are farms. They are one of the most promising and effective forms of management with high agriculture, appropriate level of production organization, prudent attitude to the land and best landscaping. However, today the formation of farming in Ukraine has not yet reached the level of development, which is observed in economically developed countries. The overall economic decline and inadequate legislation has forced farmers to rely on themselves. Notes the insufficient level of their competitiveness, making it impossible to provide the expanded reproduction, determines the risk of insolvency and, as a consequence, leads to bankruptcy. Farmers receive government support, but it is weak and temporary, which greatly impedes their development. Practical state support only a few farms that can affect the distribution of funds.
Agricultural cooperation is one of the effective forms of management, which aims to unite the producers in the direction of increase of efficiency of use of their resource potential. However, today there are a number of unresolved problems that hinder the effective development of agricultural cooperatives. Since 2000 years, the initiative in the development of the agrarian reform moves from state to agribusiness, a manifestation of which was the emergence of agroholdings. Non-agricultural economic entities have been actively involved in agricultural production and to make significant investments in the agricultural sector of the economy. The main motive of infusion of funds the hope was cheap to buy and expensive to sell, waiting for a quick profit at any cost. However, over time there is a gradual slowdown in the trend to the accumulation of land in the ownership of agricultural holdings and the transition to improve the efficiency of production. Activity of agricultural holdings leads to the displacement of traditional forms of agricultural production of farms. Development of rural areas needs to be addressed through focused public policy and assistance to farms, which are production facilities.
Part of the process of formation of the economy is the agricultural enterprises of market type, the development of which depends on the complexity of the implementation of the governance arrangements that should ensure the sustainable use and protection of land.