Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Hualiang Feng, Zhangzhang Huang, Zhaoji Zhang

Sultan Ullah, Danish Mahmood Baitab, Muhammad Dawood Husain et al.

The increasing demand for creative and aesthetically pleasing fabric designs has been facilitated significantly by advances in software engineering, enabling textile designers to meet these challenges more effectively. Complex designs that were once difficult or nearly impossible to produce are now readily available with the aid of specialized software. However, the use of such software necessitates a high level of skill and experience, and there is limited literature on its performance under varying environmental conditions. This research focuses on the application of digital weaving software to identify best practices for font selection and considers the impact of light intensity on image capture. The statistical analysis reveals a strong linear correlation between light intensity and variation in unbroken floats. The study's findings recommend specific font styles for writing text on fabric selvedge and suggest an optimal light intensity range for camera-based image capture, which is crucial for subsequent software processing. These insights are expected to assist textile technologists in creating fabric selvedge with woven text more efficiently.

Ahmed Jalal Uddin, Mostafizur Rahaman

The worldwide manufacturing industries are actively adopting greener and eco-friendly production approaches, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and particularly focusing on Goal 12. This objective strives for responsible material management, with a strong emphasis on significantly decreasing waste generation through preventive measures, recycling, and reusing resources. This research introduces a sustainable method for manufacturing Siro grindle yarn, which involves maximizing the utilization of recycled cotton fibers sourced from pre-consumer fabric waste. The process involved the preparation of two rovings, one colored (red) and the other white, incorporating varying percentages of recycled cotton fibers along with virgin cotton. To achieve a vibrant grindle effect in the yarn, the compact-Siro spinning technique was employed that involves separately compacting two drafted fiber strands before uniting them through twisting. Grindle yarns with a count of Ne 20 (29.52 tex) containing up to 50% recycled fiber were successfully manufactured. As a point of comparison, Siro grindle yarn was also manufactured in a conventional-Siro ring frame. The yarns produced using the compact-Siro spinning technique exhibited notable enhancements in both structure (reduced hairiness, unevenness, and imperfections) and properties (increased strength and elongation). These grindle yarns demonstrated suitability for producing knit fabrics with esthetics comparable to commercial grindle fabrics made entirely with virgin fibers.

Abhishek Sadananda Madival, Deepak Doreswamy, Raviraj Shetty

The biodegradable characteristics and abundant availability of the fiber sources have gained the attention of various industries to produce natural fiber-based composites. As a sustainable alternative to the non-biodegradable fiber-based products, the natural composites provide a viable solution to reduce the environmental pollution caused by synthetic materials. This study developed rice straw particle (RSp) and Furcraea foetida (FF) fiber reinforced hybrid composite and investigated its physical and mechanical properties. The addition of 15 wt.% of RSp reduced the density of the test samples by 41.87% and its water absorption (WA) increased with the increase in fiber concentration. The composite with 5 wt.% and 15 wt.% of RSp showed maximum tensile strength (σt: 29.45 MPa) and modulus (σtm: 3.67 GPa), respectively. At 15 wt.% of RSp, the maximum flexural strength (σf: 43.12 MPa) and modulus (σfm: 2.09 GPa) was achieved and at 10 wt.% of RSp showed the highest impact strength (σi: 101.01 J/m). The σt (40.21%) and σf (7.76%) of the RSp reinforced composite were improved by the hybridization of FF (20 wt.%) fiber reinforcement.

Muhammad Toqeer Riaz, Muhammad Imran Khan, Khubab Shaker et al.

Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed.

Romy Peters, Dawon Jang, Daniel Sebastian Jens Wolz et al.

For several decades, carbon fibers have been used for lightweight engineering in aircraft automotive and sports industries, mostly based on high-quality polyacrylonitrile (PAN). We investigated a novel PAN-based precursor fiber (PF) modified with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, namely hexabenzocoronene (HBC), which is expected to improve the thermal conversion process and to create a carbon fiber (CF) with enhanced mechanical properties. For this purpose, the novel PF and a spun-like homopolymeric PAN-based PF were thermally stabilized and carbonized in continuous lab-scale plants. The effect of the additive HBC on the conversion processes, fiber diameter and shape, density, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that HBC seems to support stabilization reactions, and HBC/PAN-based PF show potentially higher stretchability of PF and stabilized fiber. The modified CF showed an improvement in Young’s modulus of about 25% at the same tensile strength compared to the unmodified PAN-based CF, resulting from enhanced crystalline orientation. The results showed a high potential of the HBC/PAN for energy-efficient production. In particular, the influence on tensile strength and modulus under optimized process conditions, as well as the possibility to use low quality PAN, need to be further investigated.

Gilda Santos, Rita Marques, Francisca Marques et al.

Nowadays, despite the evolution of personal protective equipment (PPE), the number of firefighters injured and burned during fire extinguishing operations is still very high, leading in some cases to loss of life. Therefore, the research and development of new solutions to minimize firefighters’ heat load and skin burns, with consecutive improvements of commercial firefighters’ suits, is of extreme importance. The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) in a protective clothing system has been used to significantly reduce the incoming heat flux from the fire environment. This study consists in the development of a protective clothing system composed by a vest, specially designed to protect the torso (back, chest and abdomen) with a layer of PCM pouches, to be worn over a fire-resistant jacket – selection and design based on numerical models’ predictions. Therefore, several mockups were made, varying the number of PCM pouches and their distribution in the vest, allowing the creation of air ducts to increase the breathability of the vest. The most promising solutions are being evaluated in a real controlled environment, at a Portuguese National School of Firefighters (ENB) simulation site, using a fire manikin and thermocouples to monitor vest temperature during heat and flame exposure, and consequently to verify PCMs influence in heat protection. Results regarding the development of a PCM vest will be presented, focusing on the integration of PCM pouches and the thermal performance of the most promising solutions.

Suhaiza Hanim Hanipah, Ahmad Tarmezee Talib, Mohd Afandi P Mohammed et al.

The anisotropic behavior of oil palm fibers (OPF) was investigated using finite element models, which were used to fit experimental data from stalk and mesocarp oil palm fibers under different tensile deformation modes. The experimental results showed damage to oil palm fibers due to deformation, viscoelastic behavior from reduced stress at fixed strain, as well as anisotropic behavior from tensile-twisting tests. In this work, the finite element models were improved from the previous works on the fiber mechanics by including Fung orthotropic and Prony series viscoelastic functions. The developed single-element finite element model agreed with experimental tensile data under cyclic, stress-relaxation, and step-relaxation modes. The modeling parameters from the single element model and information from the experimental work were then used to simulate the deformation of a virtual fiber obtained from µ-CT analysis, as well as its composite model.

Zhao Jia, Zhou Shi, Zheng Quan et al.

Fabric defect detection is an important quality inspection process in the textile industry. A fabric defect detection system based on transfer learning and an improved Faster R-CNN is proposed to solve the problems of low detection accuracy, general convergence ability, and poor detection effect for small target defects in existing fabric defect detection algorithms. The pre-trained weights on the big dataset Imagenet are first extracted for transfer learning. Images are then input into the improved Faster R-CNN network, while the ResNet50 and ROI Align are used to replace the original VGG16 feature extraction network structure and a region of interest (ROI) pooling layer to avoid the problems of region mismatch caused by two quantizations from ROI pooling. The region proposal network (RPN) is combined with the multi-scale feature pyramid FPN to generate candidate regions with richer semantic information and project them onto the feature map to obtain the corresponding feature matrix. Cascaded modules are integrated and different IoU thresholds are used for each level to distinguish positive and negative samples. Finally, the softmax classifier is adopted to identify the image and obtain the predictions. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy and convergence ability of the improved Faster R-CNN are greatly enhanced compared with the current mainstream models, which provides a reference for future fabric defect detection methods.

Juan Wang, Boris Mahltig

Kynol fibers are flame retardant high performance fibers. Without further treatment they do not exhibit significant antistatic or water-repellent properties. With this background, several conventional antistatic agents and one hydrophobic finishing agent are evaluated to introduce these properties to Kynol fiber materials. Also, the combination of both properties is investigated to realize bifunctional fiber materials. By application of antistatic finishing agents, the electric surface resistance of Kynol fiber materials can be decreased to values smaller 108 W, which is a good value related to antistatic properties. By application of the hydrophobic agent, water repellent properties can be introduced to Kynol fiber materials. However, simultaneously the antistatic properties are decreased. The combination of both types of agents in a kind of bifunctional finishing can lead to intermediate antistatic effects combined with an intermediate water repellency. Nevertheless, in bifunctional application no single excellent property is gained. The flame retardant properties are tested on selected samples after the finishing processes. No change in flame retardant properties is determined, if the finishing agents are applied. For this, the presented results can be the starting point for development of functionalized flame retardant Kynol fiber products.

Jun Xu, Zhenzhen Lei, Sihan Liu et al.

To reduce the environmental pollution caused by medical protective materials, such as masks and protective clothing, biodegradable antibacterial materials have received more and more attention in recent years. In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were electrospun together and then treated with nano-TiO 2 to develop and evaluate a biodegradable, antibacterial nanofiber membrane for medical protective fabric. The SEM images displayed that the nanofiber membrane with a mass fraction of 13 and a mass ratio of 50:50 PHBV/PBAT had the smallest diameter and the best morphology of all samples. In addition, the mechanical properties test and water contact angle test results demonstrated that the PBAT/PHBV composite nanofiber membrane had better mechanical properties and hydrophobicity without compromising its fundamental structure than pure PHBV. The addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles decreased the fiber diameter of this nanofiber membrane. When the TiO 2 concentration was 1.0 wt%, the average fiber diameter was 367 nm, which might approach the sub-micron level. Meanwhile, the presence of TiO 2 reduced adhesion between fibers of the PBAT/PHBV membrane, resulting in a more uniform fiber distribution. Additionally, the elongation at the break of the PHBV/PBAT/TiO 2 nanofiber membrane with 1.0 wt% TiO 2 was raised from (135 ± 5)% to (203 ± 2)%. The PHBV/PBAT/TiO 2 nanofiber membrane containing 1.0 wt% TiO 2 inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , and its antibacterial rate was over 98%. In this research, we successfully prepared composite materials that were both biodegradable and antibacterial, which can be applied in the field of medical protection. It can promote the development of protective textile materials in the direction of functionalization and degradation.

Nametso L. Moumakwa, Matthews Mokoba, Tobias Bader et al.

Water reed (Phragmites spp.) and mokolwane palm (Hyphaene spp.) natural fibers, building materials indigenous to Botswana are potential reinforcement materials in manufacturing composites due to their desirable light weight, mechanical properties, and recyclable nature. Nevertheless, the surface modification mechanism and its effects on the quality characteristics of these fibers have not been explored. This study compares the impact of chemical and thermo-chemical surface treatments on the properties of the fibers. Furthermore, a suitable treatment method and fiber to produce natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) were identified. Thermo-chemical treatment is more effective in improving the thermal resistance and mechanical properties of the fibers relative to chemical treatment. Water reed fiber treated by 1.5 wt.% NaOH solution for 15 days followed by thermal treatment at 80°C for 24 hours is best for suitable for building insulation applications considering its quality characteristics (namely: tensile strength (76.41 MPa), CI (59.2%), CS (21.44 nm) and degradation temperature range of 288–598°C). Surface modification mechanism of the fibers by chemical treatment occurred via dissolution of hemicellulose which increased the interfibrillar region while the incorporation of thermal treatment further promoted the rupture of bonds existing between the cellulose and hemicellulose.

Nur‐Us‐Shafa Mazumder, Mohammad Tajul Islam

Vitalijs Lusis, Olga Kononova, Arturs Macanovskis et al.

The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures with high physical-mechanical characteristics allows engineers to reduce the weight and costs of the structures, to simplify the technology of their production, to reduce or completely eliminate the manual labor needed for reinforcement, at the same time increasing reliability and durability. Commonly accepted technology is exploiting randomly distributed in the concrete volume fibers with random each fiber orientation. In structural members subjected to bending, major loads are bearing fibers located close to outer member surfaces. The majority of fibers are slightly loaded. The aim of the present research is to create an SFRC construction with non-homogeneously distributed fibers. We prepared layered SFRC prismatic specimens. Each layer had different amount of short fibers. Specimens were tested by four point bending till the rupture. Material fracture process was modelled based on the single fiber pull-out test results. Modelling results were compared with the experimental curves for beams. Predictions generated by the model were validated by 4PBT of 100 × 100 × 400 mm prisms. Investigation had shown higher load-bearing capacity of layered concrete plates comparing with plate having homogeneously distributed the same amount of fibers. This mechanism is strongly dependent on fiber concentration. A high amount of fibers is leading to new failure mechanisms—pull-out of FRC blocks and decrease of load-bearing capacity. Fracture surface analysis was realized for broken prisms with the goal to analyze fracture process and to improve accuracy of the elaborated model. The general conclusion with regard to modelling results is that the agreement with experimental data is good, numeric modelling results successfully align with the experimental data. Modelling has indicated the existence of additional failure processes besides simple fiber pull-out, which could be expected when fiber concentration exceeds the critical value.

Jordeva Sonja, Anusheva Hristina, Golomeova-Longurova Sashka et al.

A cut marker shows how pattern pieces should be cut from one or several layers of fabric and it has a direct impact on fabric consumption. In the confection industry besides clothes, items are made for other purposes. In this paper, an analysis of the making a cut marker for aircraft seat cover is made as well as a description of the materials needed. Aircraft seat cover is made from multilayer (laminated) materials and natural leather. Process of making the cut marker of headrest cover, the backrest cover and the legrest cover is especially considered in this paper. The cost of the material for the production of the aircraft seat cover is calculated with the help of the cut marker. The manufactured aircraft seat cover should be of top quality, which is an imperative today due to the serious competition in the market.

Sarah Malek, Adolphe Dominique C., Boubaker Jaouachi

Rapid and precise methods (geometrical and statistical), which aim to predict the amount of sewing thread needed to sew a garment using different over-edge stitches of class 500 (501, 503, 504, 505, 512, 514, 515, and 516), have been provided. Using a geometrical method of different over-edge stitch shapes, sewing consumption value was determined to avoid the unused stocks for each stitch type. The prediction of the sewing thread consumption relative to each investigated over-edge stitch was proposed as a function of the studied input parameters, such as material thickness, stitch density, yarn diameter, and seam width (distance between the needle and the cutter and the distance between two needles). To improve the established models using a geometrical method, a statistical method based on multi-linear regression was studied. Geometrical and statistical results were discussed, and the coefficient R2 value was determined to evaluate the accuracy of the tested methods. By comparing the estimated thread consumption with the experimental ones, we concluded that the geometrical method is more accurate than the statistical method regarding the range of R2 (from 97.00 to 98.78%), which encourages industrialists to use geometrical models to predict thread consumption.

Meenakshi Ahirwar, Kavita Rani, B.K. Behera

The optimization of the alkaline degumming process of the hemp fibers was carried out in this study. The degumming parameters were optimized in such a way that the minimum strength loss of hemp fibers and elementary fibers was achieved. The main aim of this research work was to individualize and segregate the fibers uniformly by the removal of lignin content. Hemp single fiber tensile strength was carried out before and after the degumming process to determine the strength loss. It was carried out using a padding mangle and steamer technique. The best-suited alkali degumming method was investigated with the optimized parameters of heating time 45 min and heating temperature 120°C. The chemicals that provided the finest results were sodium hydroxide, wetting agent and hydrogen peroxide.

Andrea Bloise, Domenico Miriello, Rosanna De Rosa et al.

Manganese ores, especially the oxyhydroxides in their different forms, are the dominant Mn-bearing minerals that occur in marine and terrestrial environments, where they are typically found as poorly crystalline and intermixed phases. Mn oxyhydroxides have a huge range of industrial applications and are able to exert a strong control on the mobility of trace metals. This paper reports the results of a detailed study on the Mn oxyhydroxides occurring in the manganiferous deposit outcropping in the Messinian sediments from Serra D’Aiello (Southern Italy). Nine Mn samples were characterized in detail using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (TEM/EDS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results indicated that the Mn deposit included the oxyhydroxide mineral species birnessite, todorokite, and rancièite. The size, morphology, and chemical composition of Mn oxyhydroxide samples were investigated in order to define their impact on the environment and human health. Todorokite displayed asbestiform shapes and could disperse fibers of breathable size in the air. Furthermore, since in-depth characterization of minerals within Mn deposits may be the first step toward understanding the genetic processes of manganese deposits, hypotheses about the genesis of the Mn oxyhydroxide deposits were discussed.

Nannan Yang, Jung E. Ha-Brookshire

Abstract Within the moral responsibility theory of corporate sustainability (MRCS) framework (Ha-Brookshire in J Bus Ethics, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2847-2), the study examined 86 sustainability reports from top performing textile and apparel companies in China to explore their perceptions and sustainability capability implications. Content analysis of their sustainability reports was conducted to analyze whether each company (a) perceives sustainability as a perfect duty or not, (b) has clear goals toward sustainability or not, and (c) has well-defined structures toward sustainability goals or not. Results show that 66 of the 86 reports described sustainability as a perfect duty to fulfill; 11 described as an imperfect duty, and 9 described no opinions about sustainability. Of the 66 reports, 19 explicitly showed clear goals and the evidence of organizational structures toward such goals, leading us to categorize them as truly sustainable corporations as Ha-Brookshire (2015) described. Of the 66, 43 lacked clear sustainability goals, leading us to categorize them as occasionally sustainable corporations as described by Ha-Brookshire (2015). Other firms were also categorized within the MRCS framework. Findings show a spectrum of Chinese textile and apparel companies’ sustainability capability from the moral responsibility perspective.

Jiali Yu, Chi-Wai Kan

Structural color derived from the physical interactions of photons, with the specific chromatic mechanism differing from that of dyes and pigments, has brought considerable attention by the conducive virtue of being dye-free and fadeless. This has recently become a research hot-spot. Assemblies of colloidal nanoparticles enable the manufacture of periodic photonic nanostructures. In our review, the mechanism of nanoparticle assemblies into structurally colored structures by the electrospinning method was briefly introduced, followed by a comparatively comprehensive review summarizing the research related to photonic crystals with periodically aligned nanostructures constructed by the assembly of colloidal nanoparticles, and the concrete studies concerning the fabrication of well-aligned electrospun nanofibers incorporating with colloidal nanoparticles based on the investigation of relevant factors such as the sizes of colloidal nanoparticles, the weight ratio between colloidal nanoparticles, and the polymer matrix. Electrospinning is expected to be a deserving technique for the fabrication of structurally colored nanofibers while the colloidal nanoparticles can be well confined into aligned arrangement inside nanofibres during the electrospinning process after the achievement of resolving remaining challenges.