Hasil untuk "Sports medicine"

Yue Wang, Jianguo Qiu, Donghui Dai et al.

Abstract Background This meta-analysis compared the effects of velocity-based training (VBT) and traditional percentage-based training (PBT) on athletic performance, specifically in muscle strength, jump performance, sprint performance, and change-of-direction ability. Methodology Random-effects models in R were employed for the meta-analysis, and study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results A total of 17 studies with 348 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed that VBT produced small but significant improvements in jump performance (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.51], p < 0.05) and change-of-direction ability (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: [0.17, 0.73], p < 0.01) compared to PBT. However, no significant differences were found in maximal strength (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: [-0.01, 0.43], p = 0.064) or sprint performance (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI: [-0.11, 0.39], p = 0.269). Conclusions VBT shows small but significant advantages over PBT in improving jump performance and change-of-direction ability. Both methods exhibit similar effects on maximal strength and sprint performance. These findings support implementing VBT for sports requiring rapid force production and directional changes. Trial registration The prospero registration number: CRD420251020164.

Renyi Lu, Junyi Shen, Aimin Jiang et al.

Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of RCC, requires accurate pathological grading for effective prognosis. However, current grading methods rely heavily on subjective pathologist assessment, leading to variability. While generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has shown promise in medical imaging, its application in digital pathology remains underexplored. This study evaluates the performance of three multimodal GenAI models—GPT‐4o, Claude‐3.5‐Sonnet, and Gemini‐1.5‐Pro—in ccRCC grading and prognosis prediction. A total of 499 ccRCC slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 349 external samples from two independent cohorts were analyzed. A standardized prompt repetition mechanism and variance‐based stability validation method guided GenAI models in extracting 17 pathological features. Feature stability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). These features, combined with 3 clinical variables, were used to build grading and prognostic models via logistic regression and 113 machine learning algorithms. Performance was benchmarked against CellProfiler, ResNet‐50, DenseNet‐121, attention‐based multiple instance learning (MIL) and Pathology Language and Image Pre‐training, using the concordance index (C‐index) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Claude‐3.5‐Sonnet outperformed the other two GenAI models (ICC = 0.76; micro‐average AUC = 0.87), exceeding ResNet‐50 (AUC = 0.78) and attention‐based MIL (AUC = 0.70). Its top prognostic models achieved an average C‐index of 0.739, effectively stratifying high‐ and low‐risk patients. Key predictors included stage, calcification, sarcomatoid differentiation, and vascular networks. GenAI, particularly Claude‐3.5‐Sonnet, enhances accuracy and consistency in ccRCC pathology, showing strong potential for clinical use, especially in resource‐limited settings.

Yongni Zhang, Yifan Liu, Zhicheng Pan et al.

Background The single-leg squat test (SLST) is supported by evidence for reliability and validity across various visual rating methods, but the optimal number of ordinal categories for assessing movement quality remains unclear. The study aims to determine the most informative and reliable number of ordinal scoring categories for visually rating the SLST. Methods A total of 58 subjects with lower extremity injuries participated. A single therapist rated the SLST with a 1-week interval to establish intra-rater reliability. Two therapists independently rated the SLST at the same time point to establish inter-rater reliability. Two-, three-, and four-category ordinal scales were simultaneously used to evaluate SLST performance in rating the components of trunk deviation, hip adduction, and lower extremity internal rotation. Reliability was assessed using unweighted kappa (κ) values. Results The overall intra-rater reliability was κ = 0.60, 0.35, and 0.20, with inter-rater reliability being κ = 0.60, 0.61, and 0.33 for the two-, three-, and four-category scales, respectively. When specifically looking at the components of trunk deviation, hip adduction, and lower extremity internal rotation, intra-rater reliability was moderate to good for two-category scales (κ = 0.47–0.65), fair to good for three-category scales (κ = 0.3–0.7), and fair to good for four-category scales (κ = 0.36–0.65). Inter-rater reliability for the three components was good to excellent (κ = 0.65–0.86) for the two-category, good to excellent (κ = 0.69–0.86) for the three-category, and fair to excellent (κ = 0.55–0.76) for the four-category. Conclusion When applied to specific movement components, the three-category ordinal scale demonstrated the best balance between detailed assessment and reliability for visually rating trunk deviation, hip adduction, and lower extremity internal rotation during the SLST in patients with lower extremity injuries.

Piotr Marcjasz, Anna Bioły, Agnieszka Borończyk et al.

Introduction: COVID-19 can progress to life-threatening illness in some patients, and identifying modifiable risk factors for severe outcomes is crucial. Periodontal diseases cause systemic inflammation and share risk factors with conditions linked to worse COVID-19 outcomes [7]. Recent studies worldwide have suggested that periodontitis may independently aggravate COVID-19 severity [5]. This interdisciplinary analysis aims to examine current evidence on whether periodontal disease is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 progression and mortality. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar. Summary of Current Knowledge: An emerging body of global research indicates a significant association between poor periodontal health and adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Multiple studies report that COVID-19 patients with periodontitis experience higher rates of severe complications, including need for intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and death [1, 2].  Conclusion: Current evidence suggests periodontal disease is a plausible and potentially modifiable risk factor for severe COVID-19. Interdisciplinary efforts in dentistry and medicine are warranted to further clarify this relationship and to integrate oral health into risk assessment and management of systemic diseases like COVID-19.

Philipp Dahlmann, Simone Böbel, Christian Elsenbast et al.

Chen R, Ai L, Zhang J et al.

Rao Chen,1,2,* Liya Ai,1,2,* Jiying Zhang,1,3,4 Dong Jiang1,3,4 1Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, 100191, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 4Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People&rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dong Jiang, Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People&rsquo;s Republic of China, Email bysyjiangdong@126.comIntroduction: Tendon injuries present a significant challenge for independent repair, and can progress into tendinopathy over time, highlighting the importance of early intervention. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DEXs) has been shown to shift the polarization of M1 macrophages, the predominant inflammatory cells in the early stages of tendon injury. This study introduces a therapeutic approach that effectively manages inflammation while promoting regeneration in the treatment of tendinopathy.Methods: The purification and characterization of DEXs were meticulously conducted. Experiments were carried out using an Achilles tendon rupture mouse model, with weekly DEXs treatment starting on postoperative day (POD) 4. In vitro, the function of DEXs was assessed by coculturing them with tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) in culture medium containing IL-1&beta;. Tendon healing progress was evaluated using Sirius Red staining, Masson&rsquo;s trichrome staining, biomechanical testing, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The inflammatory microenvironment of injured tendons was evaluated using the Luminex procedure and flow cytometry analysis.Results: DEXs treatment significantly enhanced tendon cell differentiation, promoted collagen type I synthesis, and inhibited collagen type III synthesis, thereby expediting tendon healing. Furthermore, DEXs treatment improved the inflammatory microenvironment by reducing multiple cytokines (IL-1&beta;, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-&alpha;, and IFN-&gamma;) and induced the conversion of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.Conclusion: DEXs demonstrated a potent ability to promote tendon healing while ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic approach to prevent the development of tendinopathy. Keywords: dendritic cell-derived exosomes, macrophage polarization, tendinopathy, inflammatory microenvironment

Korina Karagianni, Alessia Bibi, Alisia Madé et al.

RNA editing, a common and potentially highly functional form of RNA modification, encompasses two different RNA modifications, namely adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) and cytidine to uridine (C-to-U) editing. As inosines are interpreted as guanosines by the cellular machinery, both A-to-I and C-to-U editing change the nucleotide sequence of the RNA. Editing events in coding sequences have the potential to change the amino acid sequence of proteins, whereas editing events in noncoding RNAs can, for example, affect microRNA target binding. With advancing RNA sequencing technology, more RNA editing events are being discovered, studied, and reported. However, RNA editing events are still often overlooked or discarded as sequence read quality defects. With this position paper, we aim to provide guidelines and recommendations for the detection, validation, and follow-up experiments to study RNA editing, taking examples from the fields of cardiovascular and brain disease. We discuss all steps, from sample collection, storage, and preparation, to different strategies for RNA sequencing and editing-sensitive data analysis strategies, to validation and follow-up experiments, as well as potential pitfalls and gaps in the available technologies. This paper may be used as an experimental guideline for RNA editing studies in any disease context.

Maria Koczkodaj, Michał Kotowicz, Agata Mormul

Silicon, the second most abundant element in nature, plays a crucial role in human health. Despite its understated presence, silicon's multifaceted contributions to various physiological processes make it a promising option for therapeutic intervention. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent scientific literature, this review explores the impact of silicon supplementation on bone health, cardiovascular function, metabolic regulation, and neuroprotection. Review methods involved the analysis of scientific publications found in databases such as PubMed and scientific journals, including meta-analyses, randomized trials, and systematic reviews, concerning the scope of medical and nutritional problems, excluding case reports. Key findings suggest that silicon supplementation may positively influence bone mineral density, bone regeneration, and collagen synthesis, offering potential benefits for individuals at risk of osteoporosis and musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, evidence highlights silicon's role in regulating cardiovascular health, indicating its potential to mitigate atherosclerosis risk and improve lipid profiles, thereby offering promise in managing conditions such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. Additionally, emerging research underscores silicon's neuroprotective properties, hinting at its potential in combating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. This review emphasizes the promising prospect of silicon supplementation as a complementary strategy for enhancing overall health and addressing age-related diseases.

Marzieh Behnampour, Amir Hossein Barati, Behrouz Jafari et al.

Background and purpose: The human body functions as an integrated and coordinated unit, with each part capable of influencing the entire system. Modern science views the body holistically, addressing not only the treatment of symptoms but also the root cause of any disorder, often located far from the apparent site of the issue. This study aims to examine the effect of immediate release and static stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia within the superficial back line on range of motion and chronic neck pain. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 32 subjects with nonspecific chronic neck pain, aged 30-40 years, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: a control group (16 participants) and an intervention group (16 participants). The intervention group performed release and stretching exercises using a foam roller and band, respectively, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Neck range of motion in the sagittal plane was measured using a goniometer, and pain levels were assessed using a visual analog scale before and after the protocol. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and ANCOVA at a significance level of 0.05 with SPSS software. Results: The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of neck pain (P=0.001) and neck range of motion in the sagittal plane, including neck flexion (P=0.001) and neck extension (P=0.001) among individuals with chronic neck pain. Paired t-test results showed that, in the intervention group, there were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for neck pain, neck flexion, and extension range of motion after participating in the stretching and myofascial release exercises on the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia (P=0.001). However, no significant differences were found in the control group between the pre- and post-test stages (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of self-release interventions and stretching exercises on the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia appears to increase range of motion and reduce neck pain. These results suggest tension transmission along the superficial back line, which extends from the plantar fascia to the frontal muscles of the skull, meaning intervention at any point in this chain can affect the entire pathway. This method could be beneficial for individuals with acute neck pain or in cases where direct neck intervention is not possible. By targeting other areas along this muscle chain, improvements in neck symptoms may be achieved. Over recent years, this concept has garnered significant research interest, with a proliferation of studies affirming the existence of the posterior superficial back line through laboratory and cadaver research. Clinically, factors such as the tissue's viscoelastic properties, nerve receptors, and changes in the extracellular matrix are proposed to facilitate tension transmission along muscle chains, though the precise mechanism remains a “black box” in fascia tissue research. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20200209046422N2)

Hermann Heck, Henning Wackerhage

Abstract The maximal lactate steady state, abbreviated as MLSS, is the maximal exercise intensity where the concentration of earlobe capillary or arterial blood lactate remains constant over time. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, we (i.e. Hermann Heck and co-workers) developed a direct test to determine the MLSS to investigate whether it occurred at a lactate concentration of 4 mmol.L− 1, as earlier predicted by Alois Mader and colleagues. The test consisted of each participant performing several constant-intensity running bouts of ≈ 30 min at intensities close to the estimated MLSS. During each run, we measured lactate every 5 min. Based on the results, we defined the MLSS as the “workload where the concentration of blood lactate does not increase more than 1 mmo.L − 1 during the last 20 min of a constant load exercise”. This MLSS protocol is impractical for performance testing as it requires too many exercise bouts, but it is a gold standard to determine the real MLSS. It is especially useful to validate indirect tests that seek to estimate the MLSS.

Olha Olenovych, Walery Zukow

In order to clarify the peculiarities of the osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes mellitus (DDM), studies were conducted on 54 sexually mature non-linear male white rats, in which DDM was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan solution (Alloxan monohydrate, "Acros Organics", Belgium) at a dose of 160 mg/kg of body weight after a previous 12-hour food deprivation with preserved access to water. 10, 25, and 45 days after the introduction of the diabetogenic substance, 24 alloxan-diabetic rats, as well as 30 control (intact) animals, were loading with tap water in a volume of 5% of body weight, urine was collected for 2 hours, euthanasia was performed by decapitation under light ether anesthesia. In blood samples, the level of glucose and creatinine was determined, in urine samples, after evaluating the water-induced 2-hour diuresis (in ml/100 g of body weight in 2 hours), the concentration of creatinine was determined, the clearance of endogenous creatinine, the clearance of osmotically free water, as well as relative (tubular) reabsorption of water, determined the content of glucose, urea, its excretion, including per 100 μl of glomerular filtrate, as well as urine osmolarity. The results of the study allow us to state that as the duration of experimental diabetes is prolonged, the pathogenetic significance of hyperfiltration, which determines the speed of fluid movement along the tubule and the intensity of its absorption, weakens in relation to the processes of osmotic concentration of urine, yielding to other factors, such as the osmolarity of the medulla of the kidneys, as well as the presence of substances in the liquid of the distal segment and collecting tubes, the reabsorption of which can change their concentration in the collecting tubes as the urine progresses. In diabetes, in addition to glucose, such substances include urea. Attempts to analyze the renal excretion of urea revealed that changes in its urinary concentration are definitely correlated with the dynamics of changes in urine osmolality. Moreover, it can be assumed that urea transport disorders in the diabetic kidney occur earlier than the ability to excrete osmotically active substances in general. A joint study of the processes of renal transport of urea and urine osmolarity can serve as an early verifier of tubulointerstitial damage. Nevertheless, to increase the reliability of the interpretation of the features of the osmotic concentration of urine in diabetes, we consider it necessary to study the nature of the renal transport of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and ammonium).

Kirsten D. Garvey, M.S., Natalie A. Lowenstein, B.S., Lauren E. Piana, M.D. et al.

Purpose: To evaluate patient use of opioids following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, including the number of days and number of pills when used in combination with non-opioid medications and to determine whether patients were satisfied with their pain management and if variables such as age, sex, body mass index, duration of symptoms, anticipation of postoperative pain, preoperative opioid consumption, size of the rotator cuff tear, or anxiety/depression affected pain management. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 117 prospectively enrolled patients older than the age of 18 years undergoing primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. All patients completed preoperative and 2-week postoperative questionnaires to assess their pain and satisfaction with pain management. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of patient characteristics with satisfaction of pain control and amount/duration of opioids postoperatively. Results: Patients required a median of 18 opioid pain pills or 135 morphine milligram equivalents (interquartiles, 6-35 pills) postoperatively over 6.9 ± 5.1 days. In total, 65% of patients took opioid pain medications for 7 days or fewer. On postoperative day 2, patients reported a VAS pain score of 6.6 ± 2.8 and at the 2-week postoperative visit, mean visual analog scale pain score was 3.5 ± 2.5. Differences in age, sex, body mass index, duration of symptoms, anticipation of postoperative pain, preoperative 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, 2-item Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, current opioid use, and surgical characteristics had no effect on, or association with, satisfaction with pain management postoperatively. Conclusions: Following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, patients can achieve satisfactory pain control using a multimodal approach with a median of 18 opioid pills (range 6-35 pills) over 6.9 ± 5.1 days when used in combination with non-opioid pain medications. Overall, 74.4% of patients were satisfied with their postoperative pain management. Level of Evidence: Level II; Prospective cohort study.

Nelson Kautzner Marques Junior

O objetivo da revisão foi de sugerir uma política pública com jogos esportivos coletivos através de adaptação do modelo chileno para ser aplicado no Brasil. O artigo de revisão foi dividido em três capítulos que informam como elaborar uma política pública com jogos esportivos coletivos. Em conclusão, essa sugestão de política pública merece mais estudo científico antes de ser aplicada na população brasileira.

Kasten P

Oliwia Cywińska, Szymon Gawrych, Aleksandra Białkowska et al.

Cerebral palsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children. An important aspect of improvement is the development of motor functions, self-service, communication and social skills. Therefore, rehabilitation, in all forms one of them is hippotherapy, must be focused on motor education, as well as on improving the child&apos;s psyche. The beneficial effect of a horse is that it controls muscle tension, strengthens flaccid muscles and relaxes shortened muscles, which prevents contractures. Therapeutic riding improves the quality of life of such children, allows them to open up to the world, thus activating them and creating interaction between the child and the horse, and this improves their physical and mental condition. Hippotherapy is one of the most effective complementary therapeutic methods used to improve children with cerebral palsy.

I. Yu. Badyin

The problem of preventing involutional skin changes remains one of the main issues in dermatological cosmetology. Cosmetic procedures are aimed at preventing age-related changes that arise as a result of the influence of various internal and external factors of aging, but the mechanisms of their correction are not sufficiently described. The influence of PRP (plate-enriched plasma) on the reparative and regenerative properties of the skin under the experimental modeling of dystrophic skin lesions was studied. In the framework of the experimental study, two series of experiments were conducted, namely: 60 mice to determine the characteristics of the pathology of the skin and 90 rats to study the pathogenesis of degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the spine. To achieve the purpose of the study in the experiment, the effectiveness of the use of autologous plasma and activated platelets on the experimental models of the corresponding pathology was determined.

Martyna Gorzelak, Monika Pierzak

Admission:  The World Health Organization defines lifestyle as a way of being associated with the interaction of man and the conditions, in which he lives, as well as individual behavior patterns, which have been determined by socio-cultural factors and personal characteristics charakter2. Aim: Aim of the study is to identify the impact of lifestyle on human health in every stage of life. Lifestyle is defined as all the characteristics of the behavior of a particular individual or community. It refers to behavior occurring in everyday life and those routinely repeated. The lifestyle behaviors include inter alia: attitudes to work and use, leisure, nutrition, clothing and relationships. Summary: Healthy lifestyle developed among people of all ages, will transfer into later adult health, their children, and the elderly. A healthy lifestyle improves the quality of life in every stage.  

Popkin CA, Schulz BM, Park CN et al.

Charles A Popkin,1 Brian M Schulz,2 Caroline N Park,1 Thomas S Bottiglieri,1 T Sean Lynch1 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine at Columbia University, New York, NY, 2Kerlan‑Jobe Orthopedic Clinic, Los Angeles, CA,&nbsp;USA Abstract: Ice hockey is a fast-paced sport played by increasing numbers of children and adolescents in North America and around the world. Requiring a unique blend of skill, finesse, power and teamwork, ice hockey can become a lifelong recreational activity. Despite the rising popularity of the sport, there is ongoing concern about the high frequency of musculoskeletal injury associated with participation in ice hockey. Injury rates in ice hockey are among the highest in all competitive sports. Numerous research studies have been implemented to better understand the risks of injury. As a result, rule changes were adopted by the USA Hockey and Hockey Canada to raise the minimum age at which body checking is permitted to 13&ndash;14&nbsp;years (Bantam level) from 11&ndash;12&nbsp;years (Pee Wee). Continuing the education of coaches, parents and players on rules of safe play, and emphasizing the standards for proper equipment use are other strategies being implemented to make the game safer to play. The objective of this article was to review the evaluation, management and prevention of common lower extremity youth hockey injuries. Keywords: youth hockey, body checking, injury prevention, femoroacetabular impingement, apophyseal avulsions

Mitzi László

Tácito Pessoa de Souza Junior, Benedito Pereira

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2008v10n2p206 The objective of this review article is to discuss the concepts of stress and homeostasis (homeos = equal; stasis = stable) and to expose their limitations on the basis of recent evidence demonstrating that the supposed internal stability of living organisms is merely apparent, and is even independent of environmental factors. This internal instability is often observed by researchers investigating circadian rhythms (hormone secretion), temporal series (heart rate) and behavior (hunger and satiety), who argue in favor of substituting the theory of homeostasis by the concept of allostasis (allo = different; stasis = stable). Indeed, these researchers suggest that the objective of regulation and control is not stability. There are two consequences for Physical Education and Sport if allostasis is accepted as a physiological paradigm: 1. Selye’s concept of stress requires a new defi nition and interpretation, with a clear impact on the concept of load and overload; 2. Noakes’ central governor hypothesis to explain the fatigue resulting from intense physical exercise loses its relevance, as will be discussed in this paper. Furthermore, it is very diffi cult for the model of stability by staying the same to explain why performance is improved by physical training or why we have a predisposition for this type of recognizedly anti-homeostatic activity. We intend to demonstrate the possibility that the allostatic concept of stability through change can explain these contradictions.