I will discuss how the concept of basho, introduced by Nishida Kitaro nearly a century ago, can give an interesting insight to understand the concept of a point in modern quantum gravity. A quantum spacetime, necessary for the quantization of gravity, requires a whole rethinking of geometry, starting from the primitive concepts, like that of a point. I argue that the local vision of what becomes of classical points in quantum gravity, and in particular in noncommutative geometry, shows several similarities with Nishida's basho.
Large language models exhibit intelligence without genuine epistemic understanding, exposing a key gap: the absence of epistemic architecture. This paper introduces the Structured Cognitive Loop (SCL) as an executable epistemological framework for emergent intelligence. Unlike traditional AI research asking "what is intelligence?" (ontological), SCL asks "under what conditions does cognition emerge?" (epistemological). Grounded in philosophy of mind and cognitive phenomenology, SCL bridges conceptual philosophy and implementable cognition. Drawing on process philosophy, enactive cognition, and extended mind theory, we define intelligence not as a property but as a performed process -- a continuous loop of judgment, memory, control, action, and regulation. SCL makes three contributions. First, it operationalizes philosophical insights into computationally interpretable structures, enabling "executable epistemology" -- philosophy as structural experiment. Second, it shows that functional separation within cognitive architecture yields more coherent and interpretable behavior than monolithic prompt based systems, supported by agent evaluations. Third, it redefines intelligence: not representational accuracy but the capacity to reconstruct its own epistemic state through intentional understanding. This framework impacts philosophy of mind, epistemology, and AI. For philosophy, it allows theories of cognition to be enacted and tested. For AI, it grounds behavior in epistemic structure rather than statistical regularity. For epistemology, it frames knowledge not as truth possession but as continuous reconstruction within a phenomenologically coherent loop. We situate SCL within debates on cognitive phenomenology, emergence, normativity, and intentionality, arguing that real progress requires not larger models but architectures that realize cognitive principles structurally.
Ana Nieto-Carracedo, Consuelo Gómez-Iñiguez, Leticia A. Tamayo
et al.
Emotional intelligence has been associated with academic achievement, which entails that improving emotional intelligence could lead to better academic achievement. However, the mechanisms of this relationship are not well known. This paper focuses on assessing relevant factors associated with academic achievement (emotional well-being, motivation, and learning strategies) as potential mediators of this link. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 96 high school students was conducted. They were assessed using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, the Learning Strategies and Motivation Questionnaire, and their final grades. Results of a serial mediation analysis revealed that emotional intelligence is not directly associated with academic achievement but through mediating factors. Serial indirect effects show that emotionally intelligent students have higher levels of emotional well-being, which predicts better learning strategies and is, in turn, associated with academic achievement. Emotional intelligence also predicts greater motivation and better learning strategies (without the mediation of emotional well-being), which is ultimately also associated with academic achievement. Theoretical and instructional implications are discussed.
Elham Khalili-Basseri, Homeira Soleimannejad, Maryam Safara
et al.
سابقه و هدف: ویژگیهای عاطفی، شناختی و رفتاری نقش اساسی در کیفیت زندگی پرستاران دارد؛ بنابراین مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش سلامت معنوی و سبکهای مقابلهای در پیشبینی کیفیت زندگی پرستاران انجام شده است.
روش کار: روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی - همبستگی است. جامعۀ پژوهش تمامی پرستاران زن متأهل شاغل در مراکز درمانی دولتی و خصوصی شهر تهران در ششماهۀ دوم سال 1401 بودند که 409 نفر بهروش نمونهگیری دردسترس و از طریق شبکههای اجتماعی وارد مطالعه شدند. ابراز گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامههای سلامت معنوی پالوتزین و الیسون، سبکهای مقابلۀ کالزبیک و همکاران و کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی بود. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه بهشیوۀ همزمان و با نرمافزار SPSS نسخۀ 24 انجام شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکردهاند.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد همبستگی بین سلامت معنوی و راهبرد مسئلهمدار با کیفیت زندگی پرستاران مثبت؛ اما همبستگی بین راهبرد اجتنابی و راهبرد هیجانمدار با کیفیت زندگی پرستاران منفی بود (۰۱/0>P). همچنین مؤلفههای سلامت معنوی ۹/۱۳% و سبکهای مقابلهای 1/25% از واريانس کیفیت زندگی را تبيين کردند.
نتیجهگیری: یافتههای پژوهش اهمیت سبکهای مقابلهای را که یکی از سازههای مهم فردی است و سلامت معنوی که یکی از سازههای مهم معنوی در بهبود کیفیت زندگی پرستاران است، نشان میدهد.
Other systems of medicine, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
We comment on the fact that certain mathematical models that have been proposed in the quantum gravity literature, may not be subject to experimental checks, even if they turn out to be mathematically well defined. This means that they would be indistinguishable from other models, with a smaller number of quantum states. These considerations follow from very general properties of quantum measurement theory and classical gravity.
Preparing general relativity for quantization in the Hamiltonian approach leads to the `problem of time,' rendering the world fundamentally timeless. One proposed solution is the `thermal time hypothesis,' which defines time in terms of states representing systems in thermal equilibrium. On this view, time is supposed to emerge thermodynamically even in a fundamentally timeless context. Here, I develop the worry that the thermal time hypothesis requires dynamics -- and hence time -- to get off the ground, thereby running into worries of circularity.
We establish three impossibility results regarding our knowledge of the quantum state of the universe. Suppose the universal quantum state is a typical unit vector in a high-dimensional subspace $\mathscr{H}_0$ of Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$, such as the low-entropy subspace defined by the Past Hypothesis. We show that: (1) Any particular observation is incapable of identifying the universal state vector in $\mathscr{H}_0$ or substantially reducing the set of possibilities. In other words, the overwhelming majority of possible state vectors are observationally indistinguishable from each other. (2) For any reasonably probable measurement outcome and for most pairs of vectors in $\mathscr{H}_0$, that outcome will not appreciably favor one vector over the other. (3) Bayesian updating on any measurement result, unless it is extraordinarily improbable, has a negligible effect on the initial uniform probability distribution over the states in $\mathscr{H}_0$. These findings represent the most stringent epistemic constraints known for a quantum universe and are derived from a typicality theorem in quantum statistical mechanics. We close by considering how theoretical considerations beyond empirical evidence might inform our understanding of this fact and our knowledge of the universal quantum state.
Рад анализира садржај буле папе Николе V (1447–1455) упућене 24. октобра 1453. године српском деспоту Ђурђу Бранковићу (1427–1456). Текст буле стављен је у шири контекст антиосманске крсташке политике папства и његових савезника након османског заузимања Константинопоља 1453. године. Крсташки планови који су тада разматрани укључивали су и простор Српске деспотовине. Контакти деспота са папством и са напуљским краљем Алфонсом V Арагонским (1442–1458) у раду се посматрају као део јединственог процеса чији је крајњи циљ био придруживање српског деспота крсташком табору. Последица тих преговора је и издавање анализиране буле, чији садржај аутор сагледава из перспективе интереса папства и интереса Српске деспотовине. Предмет проучавања је и начин на који су верске тензије између фрањевачких мисионара и православних на граничном простору између краљевине Босне, краљевине Угарске и Српске деспотовине утицале на садржај буле и на њена каснија тумачења. Такође, рад пружа увид у коришћење црквене уније као средства у преговорима папства и деспотовине, дајући допринос разумевању сложеног и променљивог односа деспота Ђурђа према овом питању.
Pedro Dias Ramos, Maria Strecht Almeida, I. Anna S. Olsson
CRISPR-Cas9 revolutionized the precise editing of mammalian cells genome. The present study explores genome editing (GE) in the context of the Responsible Research and Innovation framework for emerging technologies, through semi-structured interviews with life sciences researchers worldwide. Our study demonstrates that for researchers in the field, GE technology is viewed as promising but also harboring unsolved challenges. These experts call for complementary research to improve the technology and increase knowledge of the genome function. They clearly do not support what they perceive as unsafe, unpredictable and irrelevant applications, and they view the lack of international harmonization of regulation in combination with cultural differences in public attitude as difficult challenges. Interviewees see public misconceptions as a problem while recognizing the need to foster a clear science-society dialogue with informed citizens. This study with scientists provides insight into the science-based priorities for GE to be a technology that can be responsibly applied.
Çalışmanın amacı, ilahiyat/İslami ilimler fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin din-bilim ilişkisine yönelik yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi için hazırlanan bir din-bilim ilişkisi tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. Din-bilim ilişkisi din, bilim ve felsefesinin en önemli kesişim noktalarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Modern dönemde bu ilişkinin sorgulanmasına dair tartışmalar farklı unsurların etkisiyle oldukça ileri boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Son yıllarda ülkemizde bu durumun yoğunlaştığı çevrelerden biri de ilahiyat/İslami ilimler fakülteleridir. Özellikle Bu fakültelerin öğrencileri açısından meselenin farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınması önem arz etmektedir. Ancak çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak teorik boyutta yürütülmekte olup, nicel boyutların eksik kaldığı söylenebilir. Bu açıdan makale alanda yapılan ilk örnek konumundadır. Ölçek sorularının oluşturulmasında, din-bilim ilişkisine yönelik ortaya konan en kapsamlı çalışmalardan biri olan Ian G. Barbour’un dörtlü tipolojisi esas alınmıştır. Özellikle bu tipolojideki çatışma, ayrışma ve uzlaşma yaklaşımları belirleyici olmuştur. Üç farklı çalışma grubu oluşturulmuş ve Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 594 öğrenci ile çalışılmıştır. Ölçeğin geliştirilmesinde karma yöntem araştırmalarından keşfedici sıralı desen kullanılmış olup, dört adım bulunmaktadır. İlk adımda araştırmacılar tarafından maddeler yazılmış ve alan uzmanlarının görüşleri alınarak düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. İkinci adımda madde analizi için uygulama yapılmış, üçüncü adımda açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) için uygulama yapılmış, dördüncü ve son adımda doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre ölçeğin çatışma/ayrışma ve uzlaşma diye isimlendirilen iki alt boyuttan oluşan bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçeğinin güvenirliği iç tutarlılık (cronbach alpha) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve her bir alt boyutu için cronbach alpha değerleri çatışma alt boyutu için .90, uzlaşma alt boyu için de .77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ölçeğin her bir alt boyutunun güvenilir olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between perceived teacher support and learning engagement and exploring the mediation role played by technology acceptance and learning motivation. It adopted a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, with sampling 467 students from four middle schools in eastern China. The research findings showed that perceived teacher support is significantly associated with learning engagement. Learning motivation plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived teacher support and learning engagement. There is the chain mediating effect of technology acceptance and learning motivation on the relationship between perceived teacher support and learning engagement. All of these are of great importance for the teachers in the middle schools, as they help to increase students’ engagement with learning activities considering the background of the deep integration of information technology and education teaching.
Self-Confidence is a person's belief in all aspects of the advantages he has and that belief makes him feel able to achieve various goals in his life. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of CBT group counseling with symbolic modeling techniques and role play techniques on increasing students' self-confidence. This study used a pretest and multiple posttest designs. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 experimental subjects who were placed into three groups randomly so that each group consisted of seven students. The results of the mixed repeated measure ANOVA test showed that the CBT group counseling with symbolic modeling and role play techniques was effective in increasing students' self-confidence. This study found that the combination of symbolic modeling techniques and role play techniques shows interesting implications, so the implications of using this combination of techniques in group counseling practice are recommended in the implementation of CBT counseling.
The Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics divides naturally into two parts: first, the interpretation of the structure of the quantum state, in terms of branching, and second, the interpretation of this branching structure in terms of probability. This is the second of two reviews of the Everett interpretation, and focuses on probability. Branching processes are identified as chance processes, and the squares of branch amplitudes are chances. Since branching is emergent, physical probability is emergent as well.
Effective Field Theory (EFT) is the successful paradigm underlying modern theoretical physics, including the "Core Theory" of the Standard Model of particle physics plus Einstein's general relativity. I will argue that EFT grants us a unique insight: each EFT model comes with a built-in specification of its domain of applicability. Hence, once a model is tested within some domain (of energies and interaction strengths), we can be confident that it will continue to be accurate within that domain. Currently, the Core Theory has been tested in regimes that include all of the energy scales relevant to the physics of everyday life (biology, chemistry, technology, etc.). Therefore, we have reason to be confident that the laws of physics underlying the phenomena of everyday life are completely known.
The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant. From ecology to medicine, from bioethics to transhumanism, there are many different issues reflected and acted upon, which have an important common element, namely underlying premises about the relationship between the natural biosphere and humans. Hans Jonas, in his book The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search for an Ethics for the Technological Age, first published over 40 years ago in German as Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, proposed philosophical and ethical foundations for understanding this relationship. One of the underestimated Hans Jonas’ reflections concerns the characteristic of power. The paper analyzes the concept of power presented along with the imperative of responsibility, as well as three different degrees of power characteristic for Jonas’ approach to the notion of power. The paper presents this structure of power and the underlying philosophical considerations that constitute a basis for it. It also provides an argument that these considerations may be used as a framework for understanding many contemporary challenges and ethical responsibility in the technological age.
Karl Popper published, in 1968, a paper that allegedly found a flaw in a very influential article of Birkhoff and von Neumann, which pioneered the field of "quantum logic". Nevertheless, nobody rebutted Popper's criticism in print for several years. This has been called in the historiographical literature an "unsolved historical issue". Although Popper's proposal turned out to be merely based on misinterpretations and was eventually abandoned by the author himself, this paper aims at providing a resolution to such historical open issues. I show that (i) Popper's paper was just the tip of an iceberg of a much vaster campaign conducted by Popper against quantum logic (which encompassed several more unpublished papers that I retrieved); and (ii) that Popper's paper stimulated a heated debate that remained however confined within private correspondence.
In a recent result, Frauchiger and Renner argue that if quantum theory accurately describes complex systems like observers who perform measurements, then "we are forced to give up the view that there is one single reality." Following a review of the Frauchiger-Renner argument, I argue that quantum mechanics should be understood probabilistically, as a new sort of non-Boolean probability theory, rather than representationally, as a theory about the elementary constituents of the physical world and how these elements evolve dynamically over time. I show that this way of understanding quantum mechanics is not in conflict with a consistent "single-world" interpretation of the theory.