Hasil untuk "Marketing. Distribution of products"

Noureddine Nadjib, benyakhlef Kamel

 This study investigates the transformative impact of IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards (S1/S2) on corporate carbon transparency within the European Union's evolving regulatory framework. Against the backdrop of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), we analyze the effectiveness of these standards in addressing critical gaps in carbon disclosure assurance, particularly for Scope 3 emissions. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we combine quantitative analysis of 50 EU firms' sustainability reports (2024-2025) with qualitative insights from 22 key stakeholders, including auditors, policymakers, and corporate leaders. Our findings reveal significant sectoral disparities in compliance, with only 28% of firms achieving full Scope 3 reporting and high-emission sectors underreporting by 25% (p < 0.1). The research demonstrates the crucial role of audit quality, as Big 4-audited reports showed 38% higher reliability             (p < 0.01), despite 35% of auditors lacking adequate IFRS S2 expertise. Notably, our analysis shows CSRD's policy bundling approach (combining reporting mandates with assurance requirements) proved 2.6 times more effective than standalone carbon pricing measures (β = 0.47 vs. 0.18). These results underscore the need for sector-specific materiality thresholds, enhanced auditor training, and greater global harmonization of sustainability standards to support the EU's transition to net-zero emissions by 2050. The study contributes to ongoing debates about environmental accountability while offering practical insights for policymakers, corporations, and standard-setters navigating the complexities of carbon transparency.

Ayu Erfiana Asmy, Abdul Rauf, Rahmawaty et al.

This research aims to reformulate the value-added model of persimmon fruit as an instrument to increase farmers’ income by developing a product downstream strategy. This research was conducted in Malang and Tulungagung in East Java through observation and interviews. Then, we used SWOT analysis technique (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify various factors in reformulating and developing strategies systematically. The results show that farmers must consider product diversification, improved quality and packaging, certification and label, increased nutritional value, marketing and promotion, network and partnership development, training and capacity building, access to capital and financing, research and innovation, and farmer empowerment. Then, in downstream development, it is necessary to carry out strategies in the form of increased production quality, sustainable agricultural practices, processed product development, preparation of partnerships with private parties, effective marketing and promotion, intelligent packaging, product diversification, logistics and distribution optimization, business and financial management, and organic and sustainable certification. This research also identified that persimmon fruit production has great potential, with a large amount land and a high amount of production. In addition, various downstream persimmon products in the form of processed food and beverages can provide significant added value and have the potential to increase farmers’ incomes.

In-Ho Baeg, S. So

Ginseng is being distributed in 35 countries around the world and there are differences by each country in the distribution volume and amount. However, since there is no accurate statistics on production and distribution amount by each country, it is very difficult to predict the world ginseng market. Ginseng trading companies and governments are in desperate need of comprehensive data that shows the world ginseng market status for sales and marketing. For that reason, this study will look into the approximate size of the world ginseng market based on recent ginseng distribution amount by each country and production by major ginseng producing nations. In addition, the review sets an opportunity to check the status of ginseng (Korea) in the world and presents future direction by examining recent history of ginseng development in Korea, which is one of the world’s largest ginseng distributers. Since ginseng is cultivated in limited areas due to its growth characteristics, ginseng distributing countries can be divided based on whether they grow it domestically or not. In general, four countries including South Korea, China, Canada, and the US are the biggest producers and their total production of fresh ginseng is approximately 79,769 tons which is more than 99% of 80,080 tons, the total ginseng production around the world. Ginseng is distributed to different countries in various forms such as fresh ginseng, dried ginseng, boiled and dried ginseng (Taekuksam), red ginseng and the related products, etc. and is consumed as food, dietary supplements, functional food, medical supplies, etc. Also, the world ginseng market including ginseng root and the processed products, is estimated to be worth $2,084 million. In particular, the size of the Korean market is $1,140 million which makes Korea the largest distributer in the world. Since the interests in alternative medicine and healthy food is increasing globally, the consumer market of ginseng with many features and the processed products are expected to expand continuously.

Merve Gözde Durmaz, Gülten Gümüştekin

Erratum: It was noticed after publication of the article titled “A Study to Determine The Antecedents of The Prosocial Rule Breaking Behaviour: A Qualitative Practice for Hotel Businesses” in the 2023/94 issue of the Istanbul Management Journal that the note regarding the thesis work of the authors was not included in the article. The relevant note is shared below:* This study was carried out by Merve Gözde Durmaz, under the supervision of Prof. Dr.Gülten Gümüştekin, in 2022, at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Business Administration, International Business Administration Program, titled "A Study to Determine The Antecedents of The Prosocial Rule Breaking Behavior: An Application for Hotel Businesses" derived from the doctoral thesis.

Rico Elhando Badri, Cahyani Pratisti, Anandha Sartika Putri et al.

This community service activity aims to solve the problems MSMEs face in home industrial products in Sidodadi Asri Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Province, by assisting MSMEs in developing product packaging designs. The rationale for the priority themes is to raise awareness of packaging through research on the importance of packaging, development of appropriate technology, and marketing networks to improve the competitiveness of processed products for the small business cottage industry. It was developed by optimizing potential through community empowerment that enhances the village of Sidodadi Asri. Envisioning how to implement problem-solving begins with coordination between the village chief and his MSME owner. The output that will be generated from community service activities is the right technology, in the form of packaging design and a high level of understanding of the importance of packaging through training in packaging development with shaping product brands and labels, creating innovative, engaging solutions and modern packaging. And also how to promote it through social media like Whatsapp and Instagram so that it is said to provide benefits for MSMEs to independently expand product distribution and independent use of e-commerce and social media as a means of promotion and sales marketing.

Giles Clark, Angus Phillips

1. Introduction 2. A Short History of Modern Trade Publishing 3. The Consolidation of Non-Consumer Publishing 4. The Characteristics of the Main Publishing Sectors 5. Creating and Protecting Value 6. The Author 7. Commissioning 8. The Author Contract and Product Development 9. Design and Production 10. Marketing 11. Sales and Distribution 12. Rights Sales 13. The Sales Channels for Books in the UK 14. Getting Into Publishing

Adhi Iman Sulaiman, Toto Sugito, Shinta Prastyanti et al.

Batik is a heritage of art, culture, economy, and local wisdom products that are unique, and attractive. It has been globally. Central Java has several batik centers, one of which is Batik Gumelem in The sub-District of Susukan, Banjarnegara Regency is a research location. The study aims to construct student community services in batik education for the young generation the art, culture, and products as local wisdom. This study used quantitative methods and descriptive analysis through the distribution of questionnaires with a quota sample of 100 students from high schools and vocational schools at the research location. The result shows that community service as education can be analyzed into three aspects. First, declarative knowledge refers to the student's understanding of the types of batik and the importance of batik lessons to preserve local wisdom products. The second aspect is procedural knowledge which emphasizes the student's interest and assessment that learning batik, especially designing digitalmotifs, is not difficult. However, in the conceptual aspect, students considered that being a batik craftsman and entrepreneur was not prospective to generate a more promising income such as being an employee. Those results show the empowerment of the younger generation in the field of batik since designing both manually and digitally, to the process of batik to coloring is very important, besides skills in eco-print batik product innovation and its marketing promotion strategies through digital media. The empowerment of batik will contribute to developing the motivation, knowledge.

B. Akanbi, P. Oyetunde

Existing studies on waste management agencies focused on sustainable environment, environmental quality, ignoring the fact that the waste management outlets shoulder a broad class of activities which invariably create diverse employment opportunities for the populace. This study assessed the impact of waste management agency on job creation in Osun State. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to 200 respondents; (50) from Osun State waste management agency (OWMA) and thirty (30) each from five other private waste management firms registered under them. These were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data analysis was done through descriptive and regression analysis. The study revealed that waste storage and collection, waste transfer and transportation, waste processing and recovery and waste disposal are waste management processes significant (p<0,05), with great prospect of facilitating employment generation. Our results also found that working condition is positively related to job creation but insignificant to the study (p>0,05). It was recommended that government should enact policies that will facilitate and encourage the establishment of waste management plants in all other local government areas of Osun State that yet to be covered and across the nation as a way of ensuring environmental management and employment generation in the country. Key words: Waste, Waste Management, Job Creation, Unemployment.

A.O. Syzdykova, G.Zh. Azretbergenova

The most important contribution expected from foreign investments for developing countries is that it helps to ensure the commercial balance and economic growth of the country. Empirical studies in-vestigating the relationship between foreign investments and economic growth have shown that capital movements have led to a high rate of economic growth in some developing countries, and also paved the way for economic crises in some countries. In this study, the effects of foreign direct investments on economic growth in Kazakhstan are tried to be revealed. For this purpose, the relationship between inter-national foreign investments and economic growth in Kazakhstan has been tested by using quarterly data on GDP, gross fixed capital formation, public expenditures, openness and foreign investments between 2005-2020. Beginning with the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, the analysis ended with the Granger causality test, the VAR analysis. According to the results of the Granger causality test, the only reason for the growth of the Kazakhstan economy in the sense of Granger is openness. Examples of foreign investment affecting growth have not been found in the causality test. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant effect of foreign investments on economic growth.

Fedir Zhuravka, Rostislav Botvinov, Marharyta Parshyna et al.

Hostilities in eastern Ukraine have highlighted the need for accelerated transformation of Ukrainian armed forces and strengthening country’s defense capabilities. Ukraine is an active consumer and exporter of weapons, so it needs to improve constantly its position in the international arms market, which, by the way, unlike most markets suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, is constantly growing. The study aims to assess the prospects of Ukraine’s integration into the world arms market to secure its armed forces and achieve the highest possible level of arms exports. Methods of comparative analysis and integrated approach were used in the study. The obtained results demonstrated that Ukrainian arms export has fallen dramatically in recent years (from 1501 million USD in 2012 to 115 million USD in 2020); the largest importers were China (36% of Ukraine’s total arms exports), Russia (20%), and Thailand (17%). The main explanation for this is the necessity of transition to more technological weapons. Concerning weapon imports, Turkey, the USA, Great Britain, Poland, and Bulgaria became the main suppliers. It is about ammunition, electronics, including electronic warfare stations, means of communication, sniper rifles, grenade launchers, etc. The study substantiated that Ukraine should implement joint projects with other countries to fully develop its high-tech weapons in accordance with the latest military technologies.

Marta Barna, Bohdan Semak

The article examines the role of the tourism industry in the world economy, reveals the specifics of the innovation process in tourism. The classification of innovations in tourism according to the object of their application is given. The main directions of using innovative marketing technologies in the field of tourism services are considered: release of new types of tourism product, change in the organization of production and consumption, identification and use of new markets, as well as the use of new equipment and technology. Factors that accelerate the introduction of marketing innovations are studied. Based on the analysis of world experience, several models of regulation of innovative tour operating activities in the EU have been identified. The first direction of formation of the model of the innovations development in tourism is the activity of stimulating innovations in the public and private sectors of tourism with the aim of their transition to a qualitatively new model of touring (similar model is used in Greece, Italy and Portugal). The second direction is defined as the internationalization and opening of new markets (a similar model of stimulating innovative development is typical of Spain, Romania and partly Norway). The third one includes support for entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, stimulation of entrepreneurial initiatives, opening a new tourism business (A similar model of stimulating innovation in tourism is typical of many countries in Europe, Australia, New Zealand). The fourth direction is the promotion of the country, its tourism product, including educational and cultural ones (A similar model is typical of Bulgaria, Croatia, Spain, Turkey, Thailand). The role of introduction and active development of e-business and marketing technologies is defined, especially in modern conditions. The necessity of development of the newest directions of the Internet marketing in the field of tourism, including mobile, Internet branding and geomarketing, is proved. The role of innovative marketing technologies as one of the central elements of modern development of activity of tourist firms, the necessity of application of computer technologies and non-standard ways of giving of the information during carrying out modern technical maintenance, are justified. The first group of such technological solutions consists of management technologies, including property management system (PMS), aimed at optimization of basic technological operations. The modern hotels and chains are trying to present themselves not only in global distribution system (GDS), which has become a powerful advertising tool, but also in alternative distribution system (ADS), which is primarily needed by hotels focused on the business segment. Global distribution system (GDS) is also closely integrated into well-known booking systems such as Booking.com, HRS, Agoda, Travelocity, Expedia etc. The next group is for food and beverages inventory management technology (F&B). The group of marketing technologies includes search engine optimization measures (SEO and PPC), which allow to raise the hotel site in search engine rankings, E-mail Marketing as a means of maintaining constant communication with the client, marketing activities in social media (Social Media Optimization), creation of virtual hotels or illusions of visiting a hotel (Second Life and Virtual Hotels Conclusion), branding, etc. The last group of technologies are service ones, i.e. technologies for improving hotel products and services. Innovative technologies are developing in the direction of ensuring sustainable development (greening of hotel services and activities), inclusion in traditional technological operations of innovative components: electronic concierge terminals, access to hotel services via mobile devices, maximizing Internet access, etc. Based on the analysis of the activities of large tour operators, regional differences have been identified in Turkey, Greece, Croatia, Spain, Austria, Norway and France. It is proved that marketing innovations in tourism have a qualitative novelty, which affects the promising areas of tourism development, improvement of existing tourism products, improving the image and competitiveness of the tourism industry. Based on the study, it is generalized that the role of marketing innovations in international tourism has been growing every year, and it has become especially relevant in the conditions of the COVID-19 crisis. For travel companies, the effect of marketing innovation can be expressed in the qualitatively new changes in the tourism industry, improving the efficiency of tourism infrastructure, management of sustainable operation and development of tourism in the country and the formation, positioning and consumption of tourism services, improving the image and competitiveness of travel companies.

G. Smagulova, U. Sermagambet, Zh. Tumbay

Өңірлeрдің әлeумeттік-экономикaлық дaму дeңгeйіндeгі шeктeн тыс диффeрeнциaция біртұтaс әлeумeттік-экономикaлық кeңістіктің ыдырaуынa жәнe өңірлік ғaнa eмeс, ұлттық шaруaшылықтың жұмыс істeу тиімділігінің төмeндeуінe әкeлeтін экономикaлық жәнe әлeумeттік құрылымдaрдa aумaқтық диспропорциялaрдың туындaуынa әкeп соғaды. Aумaқтық әлeумeттік- экономикaлық диспропорция бірқaтaр тeріс сaлдaрлaрмeн ілeсe жүрeтіндіктeн, олaрды eңсeру әлeм eлдeрі мeн өңірлeрінің бaсым бөлігіндe мeмлeкeттік сaясaттың мaңызды бaғыты рeтіндe aнықтaлaды. Сондықтaн әлeумeттік-экономикaлық диспропорцияның туындaуынa ықпaл eтeтін фaкторлaрды aйқындaу aрқылы, әлeумeттік шиeлeністің күшeюін aрттырaтын, тeңгeрімді экономикaлық дaмуғa кeдeргі кeлтірeтін өңірaрaлық диффeрeнциaцияның сaлдaрлaрын бaрыншa төмeндeту жолдaрын ұсыну мaқaлaның мaқсaты болып тaбылaды. Aнықтaлғaн мaқсaт нeгізіндe aвторлaр өңірлeр aрaсындa жaн бaсынa шaққaндaғы жaлпы өңірлік өнім бойыншa дaмудың aлшaқтығын aнықтaу, олaрдың дaмуындaғы aйырмaшылыққa инвeстициялaрдың әсeрін зeрттeу жәнe өңірaрaлық диффeрeнциaцияны тeгістeудeгі қaржылық рeсурстaрдың рөлін нeгіздeу aрқылы мәсeлeні шeшу бойыншa нaқты ұсыныстaр бeргeн. Мaқaлaның тeориялық жәнe әдіснaмaлық нeгізі өңірлeрдің әлeумeттік-экономикaлық дaмуындaғы тeңсіздік тeориясы мeн тәжірибeсі турaлы отaндық жәнe шeтeлдік ғaлымдaрдың зeрттeулeрінe нeгіздeлeді. Зeрттeу бaрысындa сaлыстырмaлы экономикaлық тaлдaу әдістeрі, сaрaптaмaлық бaғaлaу әдістeрі жәнe жүйeлік тәсіл қолдaнылды. Мaқaлaдa Қaзaқстaн өңірлeрінің aрaсындaғы диффeрeнциaцияны төмeндeту өңірлeрдің әлeумeттік-экономикaлық жүйeсінің тиімді қызмeт eтуінe, хaлықтың өмір сүру сaпaсының aртуынa, әлeумeттік шиeлeністі төмeндeтугe мүмкіндік бeрeтіндігі aнықтaлды.

Sayaka Tokita

The concept and activities of prosumers, as proposed by Toffler (1980), have been expanded through changes in information technology and social environment. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of prosumer and his/her motivation that changes with technology and social environment, by reviewing existing research on the prosumer, which is defined as active consumers. The concept of prosumer is applied in various academic fields, and there are some similar concepts. These similar concepts are different in the level of activeness and provision of goods and services to others. After categorizing these definitions into four, this paper points out that, in addition to the production and the use of prosumers, the provision to others should also be included to cope with the recent social environment. In addition to their personal and social motivation, their economic motivation is also considered in this paper. Finally, based on these, future research issues are presented.

S.K. Barysheva, R. Gulimbetova

Monetary policy is one of the most powerful instruments of economic policy owned by the state. This is a set of measures aimed at changing the money supply, loan amount, interest rate and regu-lation of the banking system as a whole. That is why the article discusses the main issues of monetary policy and its development trends. In other words, what methods and tools are currently used by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, their main advantages and disadvantages, macroeconomic results of monetary policy. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the financial and credit methods of state regulation of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the concept of monetary policy. The study used economic methods used in the study of economic conditions. The article ana-lyzes the situation and indicators of monetary policy for the last two years of 2017 and 2018, as well as changes and trends in monetary policy in 2019. In 2018, the National Bank focused on the further development of the money and foreign exchange market, as well as the government securities market, and demonstrated the importance of a number of initiatives aimed at improving the effectiveness of monetary policy. The results of the study allow students to apply them during their studies.

Ichiro Furukawa

Silvio M. Brondoni, Paolo Boccardelli

Global corporations operate today in conditions of highly competitive tension in a context subject to political, social and technological instability. In recent years, the Greek economic crisis of 2009 showed the new basic drivers of global capitalism (Health; Energy; Food; Communication). In global network organisation, the importance of ‘corporate network value’ emerges, and intangible corporate assets (identity, culture, information system) acquire huge importance. The advent of new technologies and the growth of AI offer significant opportunities for creating value not only at business scale but also at societal level. For the future growth of global corporations, the challenge is to conciliate the profitability imperative with a business model compatible with the objective of a sustainable development and in a logic of stakeholders’ engagement.

Ruth C. King, Richard A. M. Schilhavy, Charles K. Chowa et al.

Katarzyna Piłat

The main aim of the article is to estimate the level of business cycles synchronization between Central and Eastern European Countries (CCECs) and euro area. Similarity of business fluctuations is a main factor that can define if common monetary policy conducted by European Central Bank is effective, i.e. is able to mitigate economic fluctuations in all countries that adopted euro. The level of business cycle synchronization was analyzed on the basis of different morphological features of business fluctuations: phase length, amplitude magnitude and phase shifts. Results show that, among analyzed countries, business cycles of Czech Republic, Croatia and Poland are at the highest level synchronized with fluctuations in euro area. Hungary business cycle is less synchronized especially as far as the length of cycle phase is concerned. The most diverged business cycle in comparison to fluctuations in euro is Romanian cycle.

Д. Тураров

B. Z. Nurmanova

In 2016 been celebrated the 80th anniversary of publication of the work of Keynes’ «General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money». This date are updated by exploration of the phenomenon of labor, forces to search for the answer to the question about the causes of heated discussions that have unfolded around her. Keynes refuted many provisions of the preceding economic science, he has criticized the basic principles of the classical theory. First of all, in contrast to the classical school, he discovers that the market mechanism has no internal self-regulating mechanisms, and demonstrates the need for state regulation of the economy. Keynes changed the methods of studying the economic reality: introduced the macroeconomic approach, take into account the psychological aspects of human behavior, paid much attention to the uncertainty factors and expectations.