Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Isidora Loncarevic, Seyran Mutlu, Martina Dzepic et al.

Abstract Background Systematic in vitro–in vivo comparisons are increasingly used to assess the relevance and predictivity of in vitro lung models for inhalation toxicology and regulatory risk assessment. Here, we compared inflammatory endpoints across established in vitro and in vivo pulmonary models following exposure to crystalline quartz silica particles (DQ12). To better align exposure timelines, in vitro responses assessed at 24 h were extended to 7 days, matching the post-exposure period recommended in OECD inhalation testing guidelines for animal testing. To test its potential and limitations, we utilized a harmonized in vitro co-culture model consisting of the human bronchial cell line Calu-3 and human monocyte-derived macrophages, which were exposed to DQ12 particles. Results No increased cytotoxicity or impairment of barrier integrity, as assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) gene expression, was observed 7 days after exposure in vitro, in contrast to clear tissue damage detected in vivo. However, we observed increased release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, measured at both protein and gene levels. Gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 showed positive correlations between the in vitro and in vivo models. Conclusions By extending exposure duration and aligning time points, this study identified inflammatory biomarkers that correlate between an in vitro lung model and in vivo data. These findings demonstrate the value of refined in vitro models for assessing particle-induced lung inflammation and support their relevance for hazard assessment.

Rachel Lau, Jason Kwan, Kimberley Marks-Beaubrun et al.

<b>Background</b>: Microscopy is the conventional method for the identification of gastrointestinal parasitic pathogens in fecal specimens; however, it presents numerous challenges, including high technical expertise burden, multiple staining procedures, and prolonged turnaround time. Molecular methods provide higher throughput and potentially higher sensitivity and specificity. <b>Methods</b>: We validated a commercial, automated DNA extraction platform and multiplex parasitic real-time PCR panel (Seegene Allplex^TM GI-Parasite Assay) detecting six protozoal pathogens: <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> (Bh), <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> (Cc), <i>Dientamoeba fragilis</i> (Df), <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (Eh), and <i>Giardia lamblia</i> (Gl) in unpreserved fecal specimens submitted for diagnostic parasitology. Microscopy was the reference standard for all organisms, with stool ELISA as an additional reference assay for Eh. <b>Results</b>: Among 461 unpreserved fecal specimens, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of the enteric multiplex for fresh specimens were as follows: 93%, 98.3%, 85.1%, 99.3% for Bh; 100% for all measures in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and Cc; 100%, 99.3%, 88.5%, 100% for Df; 33.3%, 100%, 100%, 99.6% for Eh; and 100%, 98.9%, 68.8%, 100% for Gl, respectively. With the addition of 17 frozen specimens, the sensitivity for Eh increased to 75%. On a per-batch basis, the molecular platform reduced pre-analytical and analytical testing turnaround time by 7 h. <b>Conclusions</b>: The enteric multiplex platform provides a useful diagnostic tool for clinically relevant enteric protozoa, including <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i>, <i>Dientamoeba fragilis</i>, and <i>Giardia lamblia</i>. Further evaluation of the assay is required for <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> prior to clinical use; however, given the widespread availability of confirmatory serology and stool antigen testing for <i>E. histolytica</i>, such performance limitations are of lesser concern.

Ariel Cruz Hernández, Arlene Oramas Viera

Introducción: El estado afectivo emocional de las personas en una organización laboral es un indicador del ambiente psicosocial laboral. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado cambios en las condiciones de trabajo y esto impacta a nivel individual y organizacional. Objetivos: Describir las dimensiones afectivas que caracterizan el ambiente emocional en una organización laboral y diagnosticar el nivel de síntomas de estrés en dicho centro. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con un diseño transversal en los 30 trabajadores del centro. Se utilizó el Inventario de afecto positivo y negativo –PANAS- y la Escala Sintomática de Estrés. Se emplearon medidas de tendencia central, frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medidas de asociación y coeficientes de correlación con un 95 % de confiabilidad. Resultados: Aunque la afectividad positiva es baja, se encontró mayor presencia de esta que de la negativa, el 50 % tiene síntomas de estrés a nivel patológico. Se constata una correlación significativa, fuerte y positiva entre la afectividad negativa y el estrés. Conclusiones: Existe un problema de activación emocional y no de valencia, lo cual puede ser indicador de un nivel de activación disminuido producto de un agotamiento. Introduction: The emotional affective state of people in a work organization is an indicator of the psychosocial work environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated changes in working conditions and this impacts at the individual and organizational level. Objectives: To describe the affective dimensions that characterize the emotional environment in a work organization and diagnose the level of stress symptoms in that center. Methods: Descriptive study with a cross-sectional design in the 30 workers of the center. The Positive and Negative Affect Inventory and the Symptomatic Stress Scale were used. Measures of central tendency, absolute and relative frequencies, association measures and correlation coefficients with 95% reliability were used. Results: Although positive affectivity is low, a greater presence of this than negative affectivity was found, 50 % have symptoms of stress at the pathological level. There is a significant, strong and positive correlation between negative affectivity and stress. Conclusions: There is a problem of emotional activation and not of valence, which may be an indicator of a decreased level of activation as a result of exhaustion. emociones; afectividad; ; ; ; laboratorio de Biología Molecular emotions; affectivity; occupational psychosocial environment; work stress; COVID-19; Molecular Biology Laboratory

Nadya Putri Dewanti, Nusavia Astra Jingga, Y. Denny A. Wahyudiono

Introduction: Work fatigue is one of the common health problems faced by nurses. Work shifts and work environment are factors that cause work fatigue for nurses. Nurse fatigue can cause work accidents and decreased work productivity. It was reported that 47% of employees experienced decreased productivity, and 32% of employees experienced injuries and near misses due to work fatigue. This research aimed to figure out whether and to what extent work shifts and work environment were correlated with nurse fatigue at the emergency department of Surabaya Haji General Hospital. Method: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional approach with work fatigue as the dependent variable and work shifts and work environment as independent variables. This research used the Spearman’s correlation test with 30 emergency department nurses at Surabaya Haji General Hospital as the samples. The instruments used in this research were work environment questionnaires and work fatigue questionnaires from IFRC. Results: The results showed that work shift had a very weak relationship with work fatigue. At the same time, there was a moderate relationship between work environment and work fatigue. Conclusion: The work fatigue among emergency department nurses at the Surabaya Haji General Hospital observed had a very weak relationship with work shifts and a moderate relationship with their work environment.

Rolando Rodríguez Puga, Yasnier Dueñas Rodríguez, Yoánderson Pérez Díaz et al.

Resumen Introducción: El personal de salud es uno de los más propensos a contagiarse con el COVID-19 por su exposición durante la relación con los pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas del COVID-19 en trabajadores del Hospital Pediátrico de Camagüey en el período de enero a diciembre de 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en un universo constituido por 238 trabajadores con diagnóstico confirmado por Reacción en Cadena a la Polimerasa (PCR), durante el período antes señalado, y registrado en base de datos. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron: grupo etario, sexo, categoría ocupacional, servicio de procedencia, manifestaciones clínicas, trimestre del año y posible fuente de infección. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) versión 25.0 en computadora Pentium IV. Para realizar la investigación se tuvieron en cuenta el consentimiento informado y los principios bioéticos de confidencialidad de la información. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (54,7 %) en las edades comprendidas entre 50-59 años, en su mayoría personal de enfermería (29,4 %), que se contagiaron durante el tercer trimestre (39,9 %) en la comunidad (59,3 %), presentando síntomas como secreción nasal (32,8 %) y fiebre (17,6 %), que resultaron trabajadores de salas de Medicina Pediátrica (28,2 %). Conclusiones: A pesar de la difícil situación epidemiológica, la principal fuente de infección fue comunitaria. No se produjo ningún evento de transmisión institucional ni hubo fallecidos. Abstract Introduction: The health workers are one of the most prone to becoming infected with COVID-19, due to their exposure during their relationship with patients. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in workers of the Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey in the period from January to December 2021. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a universe of 238 workers with a polymerase chain reaction–confirmed diagnosis during the aforementioned period; registered in a database. The variables studied included age group, sex, occupational category, service of origin, clinical manifestations, quarter of the year, and possible source of infection. The data were processed using the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 25.0, on a Pentium IV computer. Informed consent and the bioethical principles of confidentiality of information were taken into account in the research. Results: The female sex predominated (54.7%) at ages 50-59 years. They were mostly nursing staff (29.4%), infected during the third trimester (39.9%) in the community (59.3%), presenting symptoms such as nasal discharge (32.8%) and fever (17.6%), working in the pediatric medicine wards (28.2%). Conclusions: Despite the difficult epidemiological situation, the main source of infection was the community. There were no institutional transmission events and there were no deaths.

T. Tsarenko, L. Korniienko

In Ukraine zoonoses are a permanent threat to human health, some of them are bacterial diseases associated with farm animals. Complete avoidance of outbreaks of bacterial zoonoses is not possible but it is appropriate to study them to reduce the risks of transmission of zoonosis pathogens from industrial farms to the human population and the environment. The article highlights the results of a literature review on the potential role of industrial livestock farms in the spread of major bacterial zoonoses in Ukraine. About half of all of the country’s farmed animals are kept on farms using industrial technology; more than half of the establishments are classified as medium and large. The technology of keeping animals on such farms contributes to the development of diseases of obligate hosts caused by fecal bacteria. The systematic search and selection of literary sources, which are relevant to the topic of the study were carried out. The vast majority of analyzed publications are published in Ukrainian in local peer-reviewed scientific journals. An analysis of open-access official statistics from the state authorities of Ukraine was also conducted. The authors analyzed statistics and scientific papers published over the last 10–15 years discussing the outbreaks of food-borne zoonoses among humans and the studying their pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli (STEC strains), Listeria spp.) on industrial livestock farms. The main source of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. distribution are industrial poultry, including broilers and chickens, respectively. The STEC strains E. coli carriers are various types of farm animals, including cattle and pigs. The majority of infections documented in Ukraine are cases of salmonellosis in humans and animals. Despite reports of a significant prevalence of campylobacteriosis, colibacillosis and listeriosis in livestock farms, their association with outbreaks of food-borne zoonoses in humans remains poorly understood. The concept of an industrial livestock farm involves a permanent presence of a risk of outbreaks of bacterial zoonoses and their rapid spreading to the human population. This is due to concentrated maintenance of animals, standardized feeding, the priority of achieving the highest productivity of animals and economic indicators. Under such conditions, disturbance of hygienic norms and technologies significantly increases the risk of bacterial zoonoses on industrial farms. It is important to enforce the continuous control of the level of microbial pollution of farms, animal health, hygiene of milk production and processing, meat, eggs, etc. Farms have a negative impact on the ecological welfare of the surrounding territories. The problem of spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacterial zoonoses is a very serious one. Efforts for the formation of a national system of epidemiological supervision over bacterial zoonoses, comprising epidemiological, epizootological, ecological, microbiological, serological and molecular genetic monitoring, as well as the development on this basis of effective prophylactic and anti-epidemic measures are relevant and necessary.

Annes Waren, Muhammad Ilyas

Introduction: Occupational stress is a modern epidemic. In terms of stress assessment, tools such as questionnaires are believed to be more subjective, especially in the assessment of stress in the workplace, while of course an objective assessment of stress also needs to be carried out. Objective examination for occupationalsstress will be very useful in the occupationalhhealth settings, which can early detect stress at work and prevent the long term effects. Therefore, this literature review aims to investigate the role of HRV in determining occupational stress. Methods: The searching methods used were PubMed and Google Scholar to find related journals about occupational stress and HRV, published in English. The articlessthatmmet the inclusion criteria were analysed basedoonothesstudy design, study population, occupationalsstressaand HRV assessment based on the Centre of Evidence-based Medicine, the University of Oxford for therapy study. Moreover, sample size varied from 8 to 1788. Results: It was found that there are three studies that fit the criteria, which are one systematic review study, one longitudinal study, and one cross-sectional study. The main finding from those articles was that occupational or job stress is found to be associated with lowered HRV value. Conclusion: HRV can be recommended for practicing occupational physicians and company doctors to identify the core areas of work- related stress. Keywords: biomonitoring, heart rate variability, coccupational stress

Kucheruk M., Galaburda M.

The article provides general information on organic production, in order to obtain quality and safe poultry products that meet the requirements of current national, European and international legislation. Factors that may cause a risk in the production of organic food of animal origin are considered, taking into account the stages of primary production and specifi c requirements for keeping organic poultry, given the requirements for animal welfare. There have been identifi ed biological, chemical and physical hazards that can reduce the profi tability of production and aff ect the quality of poultry products, taking into account the peculiarities of organic livestock management and ensuring the welfare of animals in organic production. The given list of natural prophylactic drugs that can be used in organic livestock as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs, and demonstrated an example of prophylactic use in organic farming of young poultry, which resulted in increased poultry safety. It were compared certain parameters of the microclimate under conditions of intensive poultry farming vs poultry kept under the requirements of organic production. Microbiological air contaminations in poultry houses at industrial poultry farming system were exceeding the standard limits, when in organic poultry farming condition a signifi cant reduction of the number of bacteria in the air was indicated. The list of national, European and international regulations governing the requirements for keeping poultry during organic production is given. It has been established the necessity of comprehensive approach for supporting the health of animals, their feeding and management, systematic monitoring of compliance with health and hygiene requirements of animals and poultry farming, products processing, obtaining high-quality, safe products to avoid risks in the chain for the successful development of the organic production.

Yura Oviedo Amaro, María de Lourdes Marrero Santos

Introduction: resilience can be considered the ability to adopt both reactive and proactive measures in the face of adversity. When resilient, the company is able to quickly take advantage of and anticipate opportunities or threats. Objective: from a psychological perspective, systematize concepts on resilience and update on the subject Method: a review of related aspects was carried out, including periodical publications of national and foreign authors indexed in different databases with the review of 30 updated bibliographies Results: it has become increasingly important for organizations, their teams and members to develop the capacity to respond effectively and promote positive adaptation to changes which facilitate the creation of scenarios to solve various types of conflicts, help and turn difficulties into opportunities. Currently, the Organizational Resilience Scale is validated in Cuba with the authorization of its author, Dr. Marisa Salanova. Conclusions: The application of resilience in companies is important as it helps to solve difficulties and problems they face; This construct empowers companies to respond effectively and encourages opportunities to act quickly and efficiently in threatening and crisis situations.

Pablo Monteiro Pereira, João Reis, J. Duarte et al.

Background: Medicine and Physical Education can work together to solve many health problems. Bodybuilding is a multidisciplinary area whose goals can range from body development to the correction of postural problems and the resolution of various pathologies related to human movement. In the case in analysis, the patient presented (at rest) localized pain (twinges) in the anterior face of the left knee, with an intensity of five (0-10 scale), without phlogistic signs, which worsens when performing the squat, hindering him from leaving the bed without pain. Symptoms were exacerbated when descending stairs. Through anamnesis and directed physical examination, it were considered the possible differential diagnosis of pain in the anterior portion of the knee: Diseases in menisci,  anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries,  diseases of  knee  collateral  ligaments,  diseases of  knee  cartilage,  diseases of  patellar tendon tendinitis and patellar chondromalacia. After a correct diagnosis of patellofemoral pain  syndrome, a conservative treatment was performed using bodybuilding. The results were positive after four months of treatment. From this case, it can be concluded that bodybuilding can be an alternative solution for the conservative treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Puput Lestari Windy Puspitasari

Universal precaution is a precautionary guidance on infection prevention that is expected to reduce the risk of transmission infection from patient to health worker regardless of the status infection. The purpose of this research is analyze the correlation between intention with compliance universal precaution application to nurses. This research is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Respondents in this study were nurses from 9 rooms who served in inpatient installations with total of 47 people. The sampling technique using simple random sampling. The data was collected by using questionnaires and observation. Analysis data used analysis of chi-square and Cramer’s V correlation. Universal precaution observed was hand washing, use of Personal Protective Equipment, management of sharp objects, and management of medical waste. The results showed that the majority of nurses (74.5%) were well behaved in compliance of universal precaution application. Statistical analysis show that there is a relationship between intention and compliance to the application of universal precaution (0.001) and strong correlationin in medium category (0.526). The conclusion was that the better of intention, the better the nurse compliance level in the application of universal precaution. Keywords: compliance, intention, universal precaution

Zhangjian Chen, Di Zhou, Shuo Han et al.

Abstract Background Due to its excellent physicochemical properties and wide applications in consumer goods, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been increasingly exposed to the environment and the public. However, the health effects of oral exposure of TiO2 NPs are still controversial. This study aimed to illustrate the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2 NPs and the underlying mechanisms. Rats were administered with TiO2 NPs (29 nm) orally at exposure doses of 0, 2, 10, 50 mg/kg daily for 90 days. Changes in the gut microbiota and hepatic metabolomics were analyzed to explore the role of the gut-liver axis in the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2 NPs. Results TiO2 NPs caused slight hepatotoxicity, including clear mitochondrial swelling, after subchronic oral exposure at 50 mg/kg. Liver metabolomics analysis showed that 29 metabolites and two metabolic pathways changed significantly in exposed rats. Glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione were the key metabolites leading the generation of energy-related metabolic disorders and imbalance of oxidation/antioxidation. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that the diversity of gut microbiota in rats increased in a dose-dependent manner. The abundance of Lactobacillus_reuteri increased and the abundance of Romboutsia decreased significantly in feces of TiO2 NPs-exposed rats, leading to changes of metabolic function of gut microbiota. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by gut microbiota increased significantly, which may be a key factor in the subsequent liver effects. Conclusions TiO2 NPs could induce slight hepatotoxicity at dose of 50 mg/kg after long-term oral exposure. The indirect pathway of the gut-liver axis, linking liver metabolism and gut microbiota, played an important role in the underlying mechanisms.

Yang Bai, Hannelore Bové, Tim S. Nawrot et al.

Abstract Background Carbon load in airway macrophages (AM) has been proposed as an internal marker to assess long-term exposure to combustion-derived pollutant particles. However, it is not known how this biomarker is affected by changes in exposure. We studied the clearance kinetics of black carbon (BC) in AM, obtained by sputum induction, in a one-year panel study. Methods AM BC was measured 8 times with 6 weeks intervals in healthy young subjects: 15 long-term residents in Leuven, Belgium (BE, mean annual PM10 20–30 μg/m3) and 30 newcomers having arrived recently (< 3 weeks) in Leuven from highly polluted cities (mean annual PM10 > 50 μg/m3) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC, n = 15), or from low to moderately polluted cities in high-income countries (HIC, n = 15). The median and 90th percentile values of AM BC were quantified by image analysis of 25 macrophages per sputum sample; the carbonaceous nature of the black inclusions in AM was verified by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Microscopy in 30 macrophages. We used a Bayesian hierarchical single-exponential decay model to describe the evolution of AM BC. Results In the LMIC group, the mean (95% credible interval) initial quantity (R0) of median AM BC [1.122 (0.750–1.509) μm2] was higher than in the HIC group [0.387 (0.168–0.613) μm2] and BE group [0.275 (0.147–0.404) μm2]. Median AM BC content decreased in the LMIC group (decay constant 0.013 μm2/day), but remained stable over one year in the other two groups. In the LMIC group, clearance half-lives of 53 (30–99) and 116 (63–231) days, were calculated for median and 90th percentile AM BC, respectively. Conclusions In this real-life study of an international panel of healthy young subjects, we demonstrated that carbon load in airway macrophages obtained by induced sputum reflects past long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. Values of AM BC do not change over one year when exposure remains stable, but AM BC decreases upon moving from high to moderate exposure, with average half-lives of 53 and 116 days depending on the carbon load.

Maria Cristina Pineda, Martha Cecilia Atehortua Restrepo, Maria del Rosario Tascón Rojas

El presente trabajo buscó sistematizar a través de una investigación cualitativa el resultado de 10 años de experiencia de la institución TERAPEUTAS OCUPACIONALES, la cual presta servicios de salud mental en la ciudad de Cali y todo el proceso que se siguió al abordar: inicialmente grupos heterogéneos en la modalidad de centro día, pasando por cambio en la intensidad horaria, para finalmente llegar a grupos homogéneos, con horarios y programas estructurados con base en diferentes modelos y marcos de referencia. Es en esta fase donde se consolidan los logros no solo para los pacientes, sino para la profesión, al ver reflejado una evolución favorable en todos los aspectos que conforman el desempeño ocupacional y como ellos experimentan el logro parcial o total de los objetivos propuestos al inicio de la intervención individual y grupal, esta ultima teniendo como base la inclusión en 1 de los 7 grupos creados de acuerdo a las características de la población a intevenir: 1. niños, 2. adolescentes, 3. personas con diagnóstico de trastornos del estado del animo y ansiedad, 4. personas con diagnóstico de trastornos psicóticos en fase aguda , 5. club de ocio, 6. personas con demencias, 7. psicoeducación a pacientes, familiares y cuidadores.

Francelly Caroline Silva Costa, Luzia Lara Pfeifer

O estudo aborda intervenções de terapia ocupacional em uma base teórico-metodológica no modelo de integração sensorial em duas crianças de cinco e oito anos de idade com transtorno do espectro do autismo. As avaliações antes e após as intervenções são comparadas com base no perfil sensorial e intervenções descritas na clínica, delineando as ações, como parte do tratamento. Confirmou-se que os resultados do estudo corroboram os encontrados na literatura, ou seja, com base na integração sensorial favorecem a melhoria de vários aspectos do processamento sensorial e melhor desempenho funcional.

K. Fagan, Erin B Cropsey, Jenna L. Armstrong

Lorena Uribe-Echevarrìa M., Beatriz Madrid V,, Katalina Picand S. et al.

Antecedentes: El desarrollo psicomotor (DPSM) es una condicionante social de la salud, por lo que sus alteraciones pueden perpetuar otras desigualdades hasta la adultez. Los menores con cáncer se ven expuestos a una serie de factores que pueden poner en riesgo su DPSM. Metodología: Se evalúa el DPSM de 35 niños y niñas con cáncer de 0 a 5 años de dos hospitales, con los test EEDP y TEPSI, estandarizados para población chilena. Se excluyen los niños/as con características o patologías de base que pudiesen explicar el retraso del desarrollo psicomotor (tumores cerebrales, discapacidad visual, síndrome de Down o hemiparesia.). Las evaluaciones se realizan en período ambulatorio estando los niños y niñas en buenas condiciones generales, sin infecciones activas y con parámetros hematológicos estables. Es decir, en igualdad de condiciones de salud, salvo por el diagnóstico oncológico de base. Resultados: El promedio nacional de rezago es 5,5%, el de riesgo 5,64 y el retraso alcanza un 1,3%. Sumando las tres categorías alcanza un 12,44%. Los niños/as evaluados arrojan un 28,52%, 14,29% y 2,86% respectivamente, con un total de 45,67%, es decir 3,67 veces más alteraciones del DPSM que los niños sin cáncer. Conclusiones: Los niños y niñas con cáncer evaluados presentan más alteraciones del DPSM que aquellos que no tuvieron cáncer antes de los 5 años de edad. Existen iniciativas ya implementadas desde el 2007 por el Sistema de Protección Integral de la infancia para prevenir e intervenir las alteraciones del DPSM, pero parecen no se suficientes para esta población específica.

Alejandra González M., Angélica Guerrero A., Damari Naranjo G. et al.

El presente estudio surge del interés por analizar los cambios percibidos por personas con diversidad funcional motora adquirida en sus vidas cotidianas tras la adquisición de perros de servicio.La revisión de investigaciones internacionales sobre efectividad de la tenencia de estos animales, así como la revisión delas teorías del vínculo y de la biofilia proporcionan un primer acercamiento para comprender los posibles cambios. A partir de todo ello surge la pregunta: ¿Cómo perciben los cambios en sus vidas cotidianas las personas en estudio tras la obtención de perros de servicio otorgado por la corporación Bocalán Confiar? El estudio se visualiza desde el paradigma interpretativo y contempla la revisión teórica y fuentes directas a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, mediante las cuales se obtuvo una perspectiva personal acerca de la situación. Se analizaron los cambios desde nueve categorías: Actividades de la vida diaria, trabajo remunerado, tiempo libre, relaciones interpersonales, familia, accesibilidad, responsabilidad, seguridad y vínculo. Los hallazgos dejan en evidencia que la obtención del perro de servicio no sólo influye en independencia funcional, sino también en el ámbito emocional, social y familiar.

Aida Navas

Es un privilegio estar hoy acá celebrando el Día Nacional del Terapeuta Ocupacional y la conmemoración de los 45 años del primer grupo de terapeutas ocupacionales colombianos egresados de esta Universidad.

P. Hewett, W. Bullock

For more than 20 years CSX Transportation (CSXT) has collected exposure measurements from locomotive engineers and conductors who are potentially exposed to diesel emissions. The database included measurements for elemental and total carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. This database was statistically analyzed and summarized, and the resulting statistics and exposure profiles were compared to relevant occupational exposure limits (OELs) using both parametric and non-parametric descriptive and compliance statistics. Exposure ratings, using the American Industrial Health Association (AIHA®) exposure categorization scheme, were determined using both the compliance statistics and Bayesian Decision Analysis (BDA). The statistical analysis of the elemental carbon data (a marker for diesel particulate) strongly suggests that the majority of levels in the cabs of the lead locomotives (n = 156) were less than the California guideline of 0.020 mg/m3. The sample 95th percentile was roughly half the guideline; resulting in an AIHA exposure rating of category 2/3 (determined using BDA). The elemental carbon (EC) levels in the trailing locomotives tended to be greater than those in the lead locomotive; however, locomotive crews rarely ride in the trailing locomotive. Lead locomotive EC levels were similar to those reported by other investigators studying locomotive crew exposures and to levels measured in urban areas. Lastly, both the EC sample mean and 95%UCL were less than the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference concentration of 0.005 mg/m3. With the exception of nitrogen dioxide, the overwhelming majority of the measurements for total carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, aldehydes, and combustion gases in the cabs of CSXT locomotives were either non-detects or considerably less than the working OELs for the years represented in the database. When compared to the previous American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV®) of 3 ppm the nitrogen dioxide exposure profile merits an exposure rating of AIHA exposure category 1. However, using the newly adopted TLV of 0.2 ppm the exposure profile receives an exposure rating of category 4. Further evaluation is recommended to determine the current status of nitrogen dioxide exposures. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource: additional text on OELs, methods, results, and additional figures and tables.]