Hasil untuk "History of Asia"

Jeemin Yim, Young A Kim, Jeong Hwan Park et al.

Background Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by Spirometra species. Although it was relatively common in the past, it is now often overlooked. In this study, we review cases diagnosed through histopathological examination at a single institution in recent years to raise awareness of this neglected parasitic disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed cases of human sparganosis identified in the pathology archives of a single institution in South Korea between 2004 and 2025. A comprehensive review was conducted, including demographic data, clinical features, lesion locations, imaging findings, exposure history (such as dietary habits), and histopathologic findings. Results A total of 15 patients were identified, including 10 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 65.1 years. Lesions were most commonly located in the lower extremities and breast. Imaging findings were largely nonspecific, with ultrasonography being the most frequently used modality. In most cases, clinical suspicion of sparganosis was absent, and excision was performed under the impression of a benign or malignant tumor. Histologically, variably degenerated parasitic structures were identified within granulomatous inflammation. However, preserved features such as calcospherules and tegumental structures facilitated definitive diagnosis. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of recognizing the characteristic histopathological features of sparganosis, which can allow for accurate diagnosis even in the absence of clinical suspicion. Although rare, sparganosis remains a relevant diagnostic consideration in endemic regions, particularly in East Asia.

Yayuk Hidayah, Meiwatizal Trihastuti, Nabila Ihza Nur Muttaqi et al.

Complex problem-solving skills are essential competencies for addressing the challenges of an ever-evolving digital society. This study aims to explore the enhancement of these skills through a community engagement approach. The research was conducted with students from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, specifically from the Civil Engineering and Planning Education, Electrical Engineering, Architecture, and Law departments, during the 2024 odd semester. A qualitative method was employed, utilizing interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis for data collection.The findings reveal that student participation in community-based programs, such as renewable energy technology development, eco-friendly architectural design, sustainable infrastructure, and digital law solutions, significantly improved critical thinking, multidimensional analysis, and cross-disciplinary collaboration skills. Engagement with the community broadened students' understanding of social, cultural, and technological contexts, fostering the creation of innovative and relevant solutions. The study recommends integrating community-based programs into the curriculum, fostering partnerships with local communities, and providing intensive training to support 21st-century competency development, aiming to produce adaptive and competitive graduates.

Billie Jean Collins, Giulia Torri

The tablet collections from Ḫattuša-Bogazköy contain a significant body of Hittite prayer literature. Particularly notable are personal prayers, arkuwar, made by Hittite rulers to the gods for support in historical contexts. These prayers reveal intricate rhetorical structures. While personal prayers are extensively studied, a comprehensive analysis of prayers across text genres is yet to be undertaken. This paper discusses prayers as speech acts within rituals, the structure of Hittite incantations, the relationship between orality and scribal craft, and the significance of Hittite magic traditions in the ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean worlds.

Tilman Frasch

Pallavi Das

This article examines the social history of cholera in Jagannath Puri throughout the nineteenth century, focusing on the various factors that affected the colonial health and sanitary interventions in the region. It rethinks Puri’s ‘sacred’ space as a nexus of converging mobilities rather than a static centre, problematising the relationship between cholera and pilgrimage. It marks a departure from the dominant trend in historiography that stresses the significance of the Jagannath temple in complicating the processes of colonial cholera management in Puri, by focusing on the ‘external’ challenges and motivations that shaped the history of cholera in the region. The article argues that understanding Puri’s history requires de-centring the city as it was the linchpin of a dynamic circulatory regime that constituted not only pilgrims but also disease and ideas. It provides a backdrop for building on larger ideas that connect the ‘micro’ to the ‘macro’ narrative of cholera by recognising the region in terms of its ‘trans-local’ connections rather than local factors alone.

A. E. Kulanov

E. L. Katasonova

Lynn Radamaker, Sara Karimi-Farsijani, Giada Andreotti et al.

Systemic AL amyloidosis is caused by misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) but how post-translational modifications (PTMs) of LCs influence amyloid formation is not well understood. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of an AL amyloid fibril derived from the heart tissue of a patient that is partially pyroglutamylated, N-glycosylated and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond. Based on their structure and biochemical experiments the authors conclude that the mutational changes, disulfide bond and glycosylation determine the fibril protein fold and that glycosylation protects the fibril core from proteolytic degradation.

Lecturas

El principio de jurisdicción universal y su encrucijada. ¿Utopía o el Mundo Real? Josefina Buscetti y Mayra Scaramutti Miembros del Departamento de Derecho Internacional del Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales | UNLP.   El sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar: contribuciones de su experiencia Golman, Ludmila; Lic. en Relaciones Internacionales – UNLa, Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores del IRI Ponce, Magdalena; Estudiante en Relaciones Internacionales – USAL; Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores del IRI Villarreal Zogbi, Stephanie Abogada – UBA; Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores del IRI   El cambio internacional mediante las relaciones sur-sur: los lazos de Brasil, Chile y Venezuela con los países en desarrollo de África, Asia y el Medio Oriente. Bernabé MALACALZA Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina. Correo electrónico:b.malacalza@conicet.gov.ar   (2019). War and Chance: Assessing Uncertainty in International Politics. Martín Dieguez Universidad de San Andrés (UdeSa). Correo electrónico: mdieguez@udesa.edu.ar   Nuclear Deviance. Stigma Politics and the Rules of The Non Proliferation Game. García López María Belén Licenciada en Relaciones Internacionales por la Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero. Correo electrónico: be.garcialopez@gmail.com   East Asian Transwar Popular Culture. Literature and Film from Taiwan and Korea Desirée Chaure, CECOR – Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores. Correo electrónico: desiree.chaure@gmail.com Luna Tissera Grupo Jóvenes Investigadores. Correo electrónico: tisseraluna@gmail.com   Killer high: a history of war in six drugs Julian Mokwa Félix Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS). Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores (IRI-UNLP) – Correo electrónico: julianmfx@gmail.com   Imagining Disarmament, Enchanting International Relations Catalina Carreras, Estudiante avanzada de la Lic. en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Católica de Santa Fe (UCSF). Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores del IRI. Correo electrónico: catalinabcarreras@ gmail.com Juan Ignacio Percoco, Licenciado en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Doctorando en Relaciones Internacionales por la Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores del IRI. Correo electrónico: juanignacio.percoco@gmail.com David Rodríguez Ibáñez Abogado (UNLP). Maestrando en la Maestría de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI-UNLP). Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores (IRI-UNLP). Correo electrónico: davidrodri92@outlook.com   Cómo mueren las democracias María Fiorella Traboulsi Universidad Católica Argentina y Grupo Jóvenes Investigadores GJI – IRI. Correo electrónico: fiorella.traboulsi@gmail.com   China’s Economic Engagement in North Korea María Florencia Shqueitzer Licenciada en Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales (UCALP). Estudiante de la Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales (IRI-UNLP). Miembro del Grupo de Jóvenes Investigadores y del CeRPI (IRI-UNLP) Correo electrónico: flor.shq@gmail.com Emiliano Dicósimo Profesor en Historia (UNICEN). Estudiante de la Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales (IRI-UNLP). Miembro del Grupo Jóvenes Investigadores del Instituto en Relaciones Internacionales (GJI-IRI). Correo electrónico: emilianodicosimo@gmail.com

Ruchita Balasubramanian, Justin Im, Jung-Seok Lee et al.

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease has emerged as a major public health concern. Yet, understanding of the global burden is incomplete, limited particularly by the breadth of blood culture-based surveillance systems that are able to accurately diagnose the etiology of bacteremia. The accessibility of whole genome sequencing has allowed for genetic characterization of pathogens, shedding light on its evolutionary history and sounding alerts for its future progression. iNTS disease is observed to be a particular threat in sub-Saharan Africa, with a case fatality rate greatly exceeding that of typhoid fever, and commonly affecting infants, young children and immunocompromised adults. While iNTS disease might also be a threat in Asia and Latin America, its burden is not well characterized, primarily owing to the lack of comprehensive reporting in these regions. Drug-resistant Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) serovars (e.g. Typhimurium sequence type 313 (ST313)) have emerged as a potential consequence of sustained antibiotic pressure. Genetic analyses have identified distinguished iNTS disease-causing strains that are particularly virulent in certain human host populations. Effective treatment strategies, including vaccination, are necessary; iNTS vaccines targeting the most common S. enterica serovars, Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Dublin, are currently in early developmental stages. Funding and political support is needed to promote vaccine development and implementation programs to ultimately reduce the threat of iNTS disease in high risk areas.

I. Putu Gede Suwitha

This study discusses the transformation of the identity of the contemporary Balinese community in general and the dynamics of palaces (puri) in the political rotation in particular based on the discursive development of the “Bali Majapahit Kingdom”. This discourse can be observed from the local newspapers in Bali such as Bali Post, Tokoh, and so forth. The discourse of the “Bali Majapahit Kingdom” inspired by the Majapahit kingdom for the sake of image. The historical method was applied in this study. The data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively using historical analysis. The result of the study shows that the discourse of the “Bali Majapahit Kingdom” has been inspired by a central figure named Aryawedakarna for his political interest. He has smartly used the Majapahit kingdom and the resurgence of Hinduism as the inspiration to establish the image as a royal figure. Actually, what he has done is the political identity and was successfully appointed a member of the Regional Representative Council [Dewan Perwakilan Daerah] with more or less 200,000 votes in the 2014 election.

N. G. ROGOZHINA

On the threshold of elections designed to be held in February 2019,  the first after the military junta seized power in 2014, it is important  to define the role of parties in the political process of Thailand, which  as other developing countries of Asia, faces  challenges in democratic state building. The contemporary political  history of kingdom represents the confrontation of two tendencies –  authoritarianism and democracy what has a reverse impact on  political parties, their character, structure and ability to represent  interests of the society as a whole. The author analyses the process  of party evolution in the historical retrospective in the context of  transformation of political system – from bureaucratic to  semidemocratic subjected to economic modernization and changes in  socio structure of society where traditional form of organization patron-client is persisted. The author defines three  stages of evolution of party system in Thailand The first is  characterized by the full control of civil-military bureaucracy over  parties. The second stage is closely related to the formation of provincial political clientele groups. The third stage marks the  evolvement of party of “power” with the implication for  strengthening the parliamentary democracy in the beginning of XXI  century. And as the result of it – to the destabilization of political  system, based on the relative balance of power between two main  political forces – bureaucracy and army interested in reservation of authoritarian government, and bourgeoisie supporting the  liberalization of political institutes. With the emergence of party of “power” supported by the majority of population advocating  parliamentary democracy political spectrum has changed. The arising conflict of interests subjected to collision of positions  regarding the model of political governance was overcome by  military coup. Analyzing the political spectrum on the threshold of  elections the author comes to conclusion that the restoration of  compromised model of political governance sample of 80-90 years of  XX century is the most likely option of political development of  Thailand in the near future. Though it differs in one aspect – the  social structure has changed, there is the rise of that groups of population that intend to participate in the political process, what  will force the power to be more transparent and social oriented. These challenges face the political parties as well.

Colin Mason

Henk Mutsaers, Paul Kleene

The views of forty veterans on sixty years of African agricultural development, published recently in book form, are analyzed against the background of René Dumont’s epochal publication “L’Afrique noire est mal partie.” Although some of Dumont’s opinions and recommendations are no longer valid, it is striking how many of them are as relevant today as they were fifty years ago. This paper reviews the recent history of agricultural development comparing Dumont’s visions and those of the veterans from a number of angles, viz. the all-important issue of the strengths and weaknesses of subsistence and family farming, the development pathways of the forest and savannah zones, and the disappointing adoption record of new technology during the past fifty years. Next, future prospects are reviewed, as well as the conditions for significant progress, in respect of land ownership, farmer organization, education in the widest sense, “chain development” and, perhaps most importantly, dedication, honesty and discipline at all levels. Finally, the often unfavorable role of international aid is reviewed and recent developments are highlighted, in particular the dangerous trend of massive land acquisition by “outside” parties.

Ziad Obermeyer, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam, Chang H Park et al.

<h4>Background</h4>For several decades, global public health efforts have focused on the development and application of disease control programs to improve child survival in developing populations. The need to reliably monitor the impact of such intervention programs in countries has led to significant advances in demographic methods and data sources, particularly with large-scale, cross-national survey programs such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Although no comparable effort has been undertaken for adult mortality, the availability of large datasets with information on adult survival from censuses and household surveys offers an important opportunity to dramatically improve our knowledge about levels and trends in adult mortality in countries without good vital registration. To date, attempts to measure adult mortality from questions in censuses and surveys have generally led to implausibly low levels of adult mortality owing to biases inherent in survey data such as survival and recall bias. Recent methodological developments and the increasing availability of large surveys with information on sibling survival suggest that it may well be timely to reassess the pessimism that has prevailed around the use of sibling histories to measure adult mortality.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We present the Corrected Sibling Survival (CSS) method, which addresses both the survival and recall biases that have plagued the use of survey data to estimate adult mortality. Using logistic regression, our method directly estimates the probability of dying in a given country, by age, sex, and time period from sibling history data. The logistic regression framework borrows strength across surveys and time periods for the estimation of the age patterns of mortality, and facilitates the implementation of solutions for the underrepresentation of high-mortality families and recall bias. We apply the method to generate estimates of and trends in adult mortality, using the summary measure (45)q(15)-the probability of a 15-y old dying before his or her 60th birthday-for 44 countries with DHS sibling survival data. Our findings suggest that levels of adult mortality prevailing in many developing countries are substantially higher than previously suggested by other analyses of sibling history data. Generally, our estimates show the risk of adult death between ages 15 and 60 y to be about 20%-35% for females and 25%-45% for males in sub-Saharan African populations largely unaffected by HIV. In countries of Southern Africa, where the HIV epidemic has been most pronounced, as many as eight out of ten men alive at age 15 y will be dead by age 60, as will six out of ten women. Adult mortality levels in populations of Asia and Latin America are generally lower than in Africa, particularly for women. The exceptions are Haiti and Cambodia, where mortality risks are comparable to many countries in Africa. In all other countries with data, the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60 y was typically around 10% for women and 20% for men, not much higher than the levels prevailing in several more developed countries.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results represent an expansion of direct knowledge of levels and trends in adult mortality in the developing world. The CSS method provides grounds for renewed optimism in collecting sibling survival data. We suggest that all nationally representative survey programs with adequate sample size ought to implement this critical module for tracking adult mortality in order to more reliably understand the levels and patterns of adult mortality, and how they are changing. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

Hugh Tinker

Review Editor

Book Reviews 5.2