Yingbo Li, Zihan Wang, Mariano Andres Imbert Rodriguez
et al.
Abstract This study establishes a theoretical framework linking organized R&D (ORD) and mission-oriented innovation (MOI) through a collective action lens. MOI performance is evaluated using three key indicators: academic publications, Science and Technology Awards (STA), and granted patents. ORD dimensions are operationalized through research teams, human resources, academic milieu, and public funding. Leveraging survey data and archival records from 23 Chinese universities, we employ baseline regressions and structural equation modeling (SEM) to elucidate ORD’s influence pathways on MOI performance. Results indicate that research teams serve as significant mediators linking public funding, academic milieu, and human resources to MOI outcomes as well as the heterogeneous roles of ORD determinants in MOI performance. This study specifically highlights how the scale and allocation mechanisms of public funding more actively facilitate MOI performance outcomes through ORD. By integrating macro-micro connections between MOI and ORD, this research provides policymakers with targeted and actionable recommendations for enhancing MOI in higher education institutions.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
<p>The author examines the concept of ingrowing in Lev Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology. The theoretical significance of his metaphors of ingrowing and gardening, and the connection between the terms “ingrowing” and “interiorisation” are revealed. The plain criterion for evaluating the success of ingrowing higher psychological functions is found in the development of verbal thinking. By analysing the concepts of interpsychic and intrapsychic function, the author shows how Vygotsky understands the process of transformation of one function into another: (i) types of ingrowing and (ii) the nature of changes in the structure of higher psychological functions during the transition of interpsychic forms of behaviour into the child’s consciousness. The controversy between Vygotsky and Aleksei Leontiev on the ingrowing of word meanings is discussed. Special attention is paid to the ingrowing scientific concepts at school age. The epilogue briefly outlines the fate of the concepts of ingrowing and interiorisation in Russian cultural-historical psychology.</p>
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The collection of works by Yuri Shevchenko, Doctor of Medical Sciences and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, includes speeches and articles from different years, which were delivered on memorable dates or published in medical journals inaccessible to a wide range of readers. The materials describe the history of medicine from the time of Ancient Egypt to the present day, the development of anatomy and surgery, including the history of the formation and advancement of methods for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A number of publications are devoted to the famous Pirogov Center in Moscow, the history of its creation and the current state. The book presents a number of short biographies of famous Russian and foreign doctors who made a significant contribution to the development of cardiovascular surgery during the period of the 19th and 20th centuries. It is worth mentioning a number of articles about the life, worldview, pedagogical, administrative and medical activities of Nikolay Pirogov, Sergey Botkin, there are also articles on the history of Russian military medicine of the 19th century included in the collection.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The purpose of the article is to show how two authors, one Serbian and the other Bulgarian, saw the great Serbian ruler and how they composed his biography. Even though the authors were not contemporaries, their work exhibits similar pattern. However, they write in different styles, and their views and opinions differ. In this article, we will try, with a comparative method, to reliably present the life of Stefan Dečanski from the point of view of two great medieval writers. We set the goal to research biographies of Stefan Dečanski as accurately, neutrally, and objectively as possible, which were written by Danilo's student and by Grigorij Camblak. Our task is to identify all the parts in the biographies that are similar, and then those that are mentioned only in one of the listed works. Given the complexity of the topic, we used a set of methods of which the comparative is dominant. The article consists of two parts - the first gives an overview of ancient Serbian literature and explains medieval biography as a genre, while the second talks about Danilo's student and Grigorij Camblak, the similarities and differences in their work, and then compares what they wrote about. In the end, we concluded everything that was said. The beginnings of authorial literature and works, which are the subject of the article's research, brought with them a new approach to the process of writing, which reached a higher level of artistic formation of biographies. Even though the authors wrote within the canon and observed, to a greater or lesser extent, the stylistic features of everyday literature, they participated in the creation of reality and the spiritual world, as well as a selection of excerpts from the biography of the ruler. Old Serbian literature is rich in genres such as biographies, words of praise, prayers, liturgical songs, messages, etc. The genres of Serbian literature of the Middle Ages and the new century do not match: in the old Serbian literature, there are no novels, stories, historical stories, which we will display in this article. Our research does not stop at the fact that Danilo's student writes in one way about a great historical figure, while Grigorij Camblak writes differently about the same person. We set out to show, through a genre definition, the extent to which these two writers differ and what their view of Stefan Dečanski was. We will try to explain that both authors created their works for certain reasons, which are mostly different, but sometimes similar. Both wrote intending to create a cult of the Serbian king. This article will try to achieve this goal - to answer the question and show the result of a comparative analysis of the works of two authors with the same topic.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Humanitarian concerns owing to the dreadfulness and impact of human trafficking prompted several stakeholders under the umbrella of the United Nations (UN) to approve legal measures to criminalize this menace. Several states that are parties to the UN anti-trafficking protocols and conventions have domesticated some of the provisions of these regulations by enacting comprehensive laws that criminalize the various components of human trafficking. Unfortunately, this approach has not brought about any significant reduction in the crime. This article adopted a qualitative approach and drew from the findings of a broader doctoral study. It evaluates the efficacy of current South African anti-trafficking legislation in the fight against human trafficking in the country. Findings indicate, among others, that anti-trafficking legislation is at best a stop-gap strategy in combating the crime, and not all-encompassing. It concludes that an effective response to human trafficking transcends the enactment of laws. Moreover, laws do not thrive in a vacuum, but rely on a range of factors, particularly the political will to address the underlying causes of a crime, and effective law enforcement capacity.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract Vaccine hesitancy is a significant barrier to reaching herd immunity and exiting the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examines the potential effectiveness of monetary incentives in conjunction with informational treatments about vaccine efficacy, lack of side effects, and zero costs. We elicit monetary valuations (both positive and negative) for the coronavirus vaccine by conducting an online randomized experiment on a representative sample of 2461 individuals across the US. The study elicits vaccination uptake, then participants’ valuations (willingness to pay (WTP) or the willingness to accept (WTA)) for the vaccine based upon the stated choice of participants to accept or reject the vaccine. We find that a $1000 incentive increases vaccination uptake up to 86.9%. We identify two distinct segments among the vaccine hesitants—“Reluctants” and “Unwillings”. Reluctants can be persuaded to vaccinate for some level of monetary incentive, whereas Unwillings indicate that no amount of monetary incentive will persuade them to vaccinate. The Unwillings are more likely to (a) think that the disease is insufficiently severe, (b) have less faith in the public health system, (c) be older, compared to the Reluctants.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In today’s international relations system, energy -especially oil and natural gas- is one of
the most discussed issues. The countries that have these two important energy sources can
be targeted by imperialist global energy actors and remain defenseless against them. One of
the prominent regions in the world in terms of oil and natural gas reserves is the Central Asia
in which the countries are faced with the mentioned risks. At this point, the main priority for
these countries is to protect themselves from this competition as much as possible by taking
lessons from such as countries Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela that are targeted by global powers
and to realize their potential to achieve higher level of income and welfare. Recently, the
energy issue that has been risen to the top of Turkey’s agenda with Turkish natural gas and oil
exploration endeavors on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and with the war between
Russia and Ukraine, stands out as the main factor to redefine regional and global relations.
At this point, energy can be seen as an important element to improve relations between the
countries of Turkic origin in the Central Asia and Turkey. This study, prepared based on the
basic assumption that the unifying element between the Turkic states can be “energy”, focuses
on the potential of energy cooperation to limit the global competition.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost every aspect of life. According to data from several countries, book reading has surged since the beginning of the imposed lockdowns. This situation has presented cultural mediators with an unprecedented opportunity to influence their audiences’ reading habits. The current study reports the results of a qualitative analysis of Iranian news websites’ book suggestions during March 2020, the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in Iran. Through analysing the suggested books’ original language, publication date, genre, and publisher, the study uncovers some of the politics of book promotion in Iran. The findings revealed a high level of homogeneity among the reading suggestions in terms of original language, genre, and publishers, raising the possibility that wider government policies encourage the promotion or marginalisation of certain types of books. Fiction and nonfiction books about the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) dominated the suggestions, while comedy and nonpolitical mystery/thrillers were almost nonexistent. These findings and more are discussed in light of the sociopolitical context in Iran.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
The article is devoted to the response to the Hungarian events of the autumn of 1956 in Romanian society and reveals the measures taken by the communist regime in Romania in order to neutralize the Hungarian influence on the situation in the country. As the author shows, anti-government demonstrations in Romania in the days of the Hungarian revolution, although of a local nature, posed a serious threat to the regime of the Romanian workers' party. The latent announcement of emergency state in the country, the involvement of the Interior Ministry and Ministry of Defense forces to protect law and order, a number of repressive measures, competent political work with the population, and also the adoption of important economic decisions helped the party leadership to keep the situation under control and prevent the recurrence of the Hungarian scenario in Romania. The article notes that the Hungarian revolution was one of the external factors that influenced the formation of a specific Romanian model of socialism with its more independent foreign policy and the desire to protect the country from destructive influences from the outside world.
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The article deals with the parameters of high-speed trains effect on the unified simple-span girder reinforced concrete bridge superstructures on conventional railways using a simplified methodology of determining maximum vertical accelerations and live load dynamic factors. It is noted that the dynamic additions to the stress-strain behavior components (bending moments, transverse force and vertical sags) differ from each other. The presented methodology of dynamic factors determination helps to make a dynamic calculation and to identify general forces in simple-span girder superstructures without numerical simulation and straightforward dynamic analysis, which greatly reduces labor intensity of the design works. Based on the dynamic calculation results, a conclusion is made that the unified simple-span girder reinforced concrete bridge superstructures can be applied on high-speed railways, and the scope of their application is specified.
Pre-lithiated sulfur materials are promising cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries. The synthesis of lithium sulfide-carbon (Li2S-C) composite by carbothermic reduction of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) is investigated in this study. The relationship between reaction temperature and the consumption of carbon in the carbothermic reduction of Li2SO4 is first investigated to precisely control the carbon content in the resultant Li2S-C composites. To understand the relationship between the material structure and the electrochemical properties, Li2S-C composites with the same carbon content are subsequently synthesized by controlling the mass ratio of Li2SO4/carbon and the reaction temperature. Systematic electrochemical analyses and microscopic characterizations demonstrate that the size of the Li2S particles dispersed in the carbon matrix is the key parameter determining the electrochemical performance. A reversible capacity of 600 mAh g−1 is achieved under lean electrolyte condition with high Li2S areal loading.
M. Usman Malik, W. Masood, M. N. S. Qureshi
et al.
The previous works on whistler waves with electron temperature anisotropy narrated the dependence on plasma parameters, however, they did not explore the reasons behind the observed differences. A comparative analysis of the whistler waves with different electron distributions has not been made to date. This paper attempts to address both these issues in detail by making a detailed comparison of the dispersion relations and growth rates of whistler waves with electron temperature anisotropy for Maxwellian, Cairns, kappa and generalized (r, q) distributions by varying the key plasma parameters for the problem under consideration. It has been found that the growth rate of whistler instability is maximum for flat-topped distribution whereas it is minimum for the Maxwellian distribution. This work not only summarizes and complements the previous work done on the whistler waves with electron temperature anisotropy but also provides a general framework to understand the linear propagation of whistler waves with electron temperature anisotropy that is applicable in all regions of space plasmas where the satellite missions have indicated their presence.
provide a critical analysis of the female identity of E. Luminata, written by Chilean writer, Diamela Eltit. This essay will examine how E. Luminata fits into the world of autobiographical feminism, with ties to multiculturalism, and world literature. Her series of artistic scenes in the town square allow her to challenge standardized notions of beauty’s ephemerality and permanence. Within the text, E. Luminata uses her art to protest Pinochet’s military government during the 1980’s. E. Luminata actively uses art, aesthetics, and her sexualized identity to create an argument against the “grotesque” nature of the military regime. As such, her artistic protests, read within a piece of translated literature, help readers to define the nature of the aesthetic experience of womanhood and contemplate personal agency, desire, and cultural possessiveness. Her identity is manifested through the contradictory binary of the natural and the artificial, since she presents herself as a spectacle, for others to perceive. By doing so, she deconstructs her own objectification within the novel.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Literature (General)