Hasil untuk "Forestry"

Y. Kalra, D. Maynard

N. Hanley, J. Shogren, B. White

T. Senaratna, D. Touchell, E. Bunn et al.

B. Parresol

There is considerable interest today in estimating the biomass of trees and forests for both practical forestry issues and scientific purposes. New techniques and procedures are brought together along with the more traditional approaches to estimating woody biomass. General model forms and weighted analysis are reviewed, along with statistics for evaluating and comparing biomass models. Additivity and harmonization are addressed, and weight-ratio and density-integral approaches are discussed. Subsampling methods on trees to derive unbiased weight estimates are examined, and ratio and difference sampling estimators are considered in detail. Error components for stand biomass estimates are examined. This paper reviews quantitative principles and gives specific examples for prediction of tree biomass. The examples should prove useful for understanding the principles involved and for instructional purposes. For. Sci. 45(4):573-593.

Dan Lv, Miaomiao Zhu, Zhicheng Jiang et al.

D. Lv, M. Zhu, Z. Jiang, Prof. C. Huang College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037, P. R. China E-mail: huangchaobo@njfu.edu.cn Prof. R. Xiong Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics Ghent University 460 9000 Belgium

Lynn Johnson

A GIS can be used in land management to document existing conditions, plan future operations, and archive completed work. Farming applications include soil productivity for different crops, crop yield prediction, and determining fertilizer and pesticide application rates. Forestry applications include estimating forest stand acreage, determining forest stand characteristics, and determining where to harvest. This 4-page fact sheet was written by John Lagrosa, Chris Demers, and Michael Andreu, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, March 2012.

A. Demeyer, J. C. Voundi Nkana, M. Verloo

Amy R Poteete, E. Ostrom

D. Nepstad, Georgia O. Carvalho, A. Barros et al.

A. Pagdee, Y. Kim, P. Daugherty

R. Tol

A. Paquette, C. Messier

Bich Hong Ha, Mai Phuong Pham, Quoc Khanh Nguyen et al.

Biodiversity loss and degradation activities have a significant impact and devastating consequences on the ecosystem, eventually posing a major threat to many plant species, including Cunninghamia konishii. Deforestation and the growth of settlements are the main factors that affect the biodiversity hotspots in Vietnam such as Northwest, Northeast, North Central and Central Highlands regions. This has led to a decline of the species, so effective conservation strategies are urgently required. This study aimed to identify simple sequence repeat markers within expressed sequence tags from C. konishii, develop markers from them and assess the potential of those markers for diversity and population structure analysis of the plant. The Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 sequencing technology was applied for the transcriptomic analysis of C. konishii and genetic differentiation and population structure of C. konishii in Vietnam. In this study, the transcriptomes of C. konishii were analysed using the Illumina HiSeqTM 4000 sequencing system and a total of 5,361,856,500 base pairs were generated. De novo assembly indicated that 58,905 unigenes were generated (average length = 736.4 bp, N50 = 1,869 bp, Q20 = 98.44% and Q30 = 95.08%). A total of 23,232 and 16,510 unigenes had significant similarities amongst Nr and Swiss-Prot, respectively. In the GO database, 12,056 (20.47%) unigenes were annotated and these genes were divided into three major categories and 50 subcategories. In the KOG analysis, 13,248 (22.49 %) unigenes were annotated and divided into 25 gene function categories. In the KEGG analysis, 8,714 (14.79%) unigenes were annotated. According to the related pathways involved, they could be classified into 56 subclasses. In this study, we have identified a total of 2,854 EST-SSRs markers. Of the 960 primer pairs, 99 were validated and reported for polymorphism. The genetic diversity within and amongst C. konishii populations was studied using 10 SSR markers. A sample size of 96 trees considered from three distant populations in Vietnam was analysed in this study. Our data determined PIC = 0.67, Na = 4.05, Ne = 2.76 and P = 100%. We reported moderate levels of genetic diversity with Ho = 0.56 and He = 0.58 and the fixation index value was recorded as positive for three populations (XL, HSP and PH). The bottleneck tests showed clear evidence of a bottleneck in PH population sizes. Genetic differentiation amongst populations was recorded very low (FST = 0.029), indicating gene flow (Nm = 8.169). This result indicates gene exchange between the populations of ancient C. konishii from different geographical areas and regions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that high genetic variation existed within individuals (90.68%) compared to amongst populations (2.97%). A Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering grouped the populations into three genetically similar clusters. Additionally, candidate genes related to essential oil biosynthesis were identified. This study provides the first EST-SSR marker-based genetic diversity and population structure analysis of C. konishii, offering valuable insights for breeding and conservation efforts. The findings establish a key genetic resource for future conservation strategies with the aim of preserving this endangered species.

DENG Zhihua, LIU Rui, LI Biqing

Coffee grounds, walnut shells, water hyacinth and coconut shells were used as raw materials to prepare biochars at different pyrolysis temperatures, and the simulated wastewater containing Cu, Zn, OTC, CIP, and DOX was purified. The results showed that 700 ℃ was the optimal pyrolysis temperature for biochar, and water hyacinth biochar(SBC700) had the best adsorption effect on single heavy metal Cu and Zn. Coconut shell biochar(YBC700) had a strong adsorption effect on single antibiotic OTC, CIP, and DOX. The adsorption behaviors of four biochars on single heavy metal and antibiotic were chemical adsorption. Composite biochar was prepared from SBC and YBC at 700 ℃, and its adsorption effect on Cu, Zn and one antibiotic compound contaminant was studied. Composite biochar was beneficial for enhancing the adsorption efficiecy of Cu and antibiotics in compound contaminant systems. The longer the residence time, the better the removal effect of composite biochar on Cu and Zn, and the effect on three antibiotics was no significant. Considering the economic benefits and removal effects, the optimal dosage of composite biochar was 2.5 g/L. The adsorption capacity of biochar for Cu and Zn also increased gradually with the increase of pH, which was 1.90 mg/g and 8.40 mg/g at pH 6, respectively. There was no significant change in the adsorption capacity of biochar for OTC, CIP, and DOX, and the average removal rates were higher than 88%. The water hyacinth and coconut shell composite biochar prepared at the pyrolysis temperature of 700 ℃ had the best comprehensive properties, which provided a new idea for the adsorption of heavy metals and antibiotic compound pollution.

Yu Sun, Yuan Liu, Guan Wang et al.

Plant image identification has become an interdisciplinary focus in both botanical taxonomy and computer vision. The first plant image dataset collected by mobile phone in natural scene is presented, which contains 10,000 images of 100 ornamental plant species in Beijing Forestry University campus. A 26-layer deep learning model consisting of 8 residual building blocks is designed for large-scale plant classification in natural environment. The proposed model achieves a recognition rate of 91.78% on the BJFU100 dataset, demonstrating that deep learning is a promising technology for smart forestry.

C. Shackleton, S. Shackleton, E. Buiten et al.

Muhammad Zaman, Yi Chen, Rodney Jackson et al.

ABSTRACT Mammals, being social creatures communicate through a variety of signal cues, thus it is vital to understand how wild carnivores create and maintain connections with their neighbors for their survival. However, observing elusive species in their natural habitats poses significant challenges leading to scarcities of data. In this study, we aimed to provide a detailed long‐term observation of snow leopards in the northern region of Pakistan, hence we utilized data from 136 camera traps between 2018 and 2023 in order to investigate the territorial marking behavior of snow leopards in Baltistan. We documented 813 sightings of snow leopards with 103 videos showing territorial marking behavior from 40 sightings during snow presence and 63 on snow‐free days. Nine unique communication behaviors were identified during the presence or absence of snow cover. We observed that snow leopard marking behavior occurred more often at night in the absence of snow and less often during the day in the presence of snow. The marking activities were higher during the crepuscular period in the presence of snow and showed a preference for marking activities in open areas over mixed herbaceous and shrub habitats. Olfaction and scraping were observed more frequently in open areas while fecal deposition was found in herbaceous and shrub habitats. Scraping and urine spraying were associated with cliffs, rocky outcrops and boulders in open areas. In conclusion, our findings discovered new insights into the marking patterns of snow leopards during both day and night, having taken into consideration the influence of snow conditions. Moreover, the identified marking locations hold significant potential as powerful assets for wildlife preservation initiatives.

Jiaqin Zhu, Yaqi Fu, Lvhao Zhang et al.

Prolonged periods of host-lethal infection by entomopathogenic fungi pose challenges to the development of biological control agents. The obligate entomopathogen <i>C. obscurus</i>, however, rapidly kills aphid hosts, warranting investigation. This study investigated the interaction between <i>C. obscurus</i> and a bean aphid <i>Megoura crassicauda</i> during the incubation period of infection, using transcriptome analysis to map host gene expression profiles. Results indicate <i>C. obscurus</i>-inoculated aphid activation of the wound healing immune responses, alongside suppression of the key molecules involved in Toll signaling, melanization, and metabolism. Furthermore, neuromotor system-related genes were upregulated, paralleling the intoxication observed in a nematode pest treated with <i>C. obscurus</i>-derived CytCo protein. To deepen interaction insights, a His-tag pull-down assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was conducted using CytCo as a bait to screen for potential aphid protein interactors. The proteins were identified based on the assembled transcriptome, and eleven transmembrane proteins were predicted to bind to CytCo. Notably, a protein of putatively calcium-transporting ATPase stood out with the highest confidence. This suggests that CytCo plays a vital role in <i>C. obscurus</i> killing aphid hosts, implicating calcium imbalance. In conclusion, <i>C. obscurus</i> effectively inhibits aphid immunity and exhibits neurotoxic potential, expediting the infection process. This finding facilitates our understanding of the complex host–pathogen interactions and opens new avenues for exploring biological pest management strategies in agroforestry.

J. Ribot

T. Pearson, Sandra A. Brown, R. Birdsey