Hasil untuk "Europe (General)"

G. Peat, R. McCarney, P. Croft

G. Mancia, E. Rosei, R. Cífková et al.

R. Morgan, J. Quinton, R. E. Smith et al.

C. Vitali, S. Bombardieri, H. Moutsopoulos et al.

P. Taylor, P. Hirst, Grahame F. Thompson

William Margrabe

J. Santos, H. Fraga, A. Malheiro et al.

Viticulture and winemaking are important socioeconomic sectors in many European regions. Climate plays a vital role in the terroir of a given wine region, as it strongly controls canopy microclimate, vine growth, vine physiology, yield, and berry composition, which together determine wine attributes and typicity. New challenges are, however, predicted to arise from climate change, as grapevine cultivation is deeply dependent on weather and climate conditions. Changes in viticultural suitability over the last decades, for viticulture in general or the use of specific varieties, have already been reported for many wine regions. Despite spatially heterogeneous impacts, climate change is anticipated to exacerbate these recent trends on suitability for wine production. These shifts may reshape the geographical distribution of wine regions, while wine typicity may also be threatened in most cases. Changing climates will thereby urge for the implementation of timely, suitable, and cost-effective adaptation strategies, which should also be thoroughly planned and tuned to local conditions for an effective risk reduction. Although the potential of the different adaptation options is not yet fully investigated, deserving further research activities, their adoption will be of utmost relevance to maintain the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of the highly valued viticulture and winemaking sector in Europe.

Ольга Викторовна Кочукова, Сергей Анатольевич Кочуков

В статье анализируются материалы политической карикатуры, представленной на страницах сатирических журналов Австро-Венгрии периода Великого восточного (Балканского) кризиса 1870-х годов (Die Bombe, Der Floh, Kikeriki). Предпринята попытка систематизировать феминные образы австрийской политической карикатуры периода Балканского кризиса. Рассматривается проблема формирования характерных предпочтений австрийской политической карикатуры в распределении вариаций феминных образов в изображениях Австро-Венгерской, Османской, Российской империй и балканских народов и государств. Выделены способы противопоставления феминных и маскулинных символов стран-участников основных событий Восточного кризиса 1875–1878 гг.

Jorge Luis Costa Hernandez

The fundamental principle of the art of war is victory, a doctrine also present in the facts of arms, known through numerous quotations, in the complex peninsular political-military context in the central centuries of the Middle Ages. However, the Hispanic exceptionable granted by the permeable border with Al-Andalus integrates this principle, if we confront it with Western Europe. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, due to the advance towards the south of the Christian kingdoms that strengthen their territory A militarized society is formed regulated by a series of provisions that govern the military obligations feudal-vassal, of the different social groups, among them are the inhabitants of the towns and cities of the Christian kingdoms giving rise to the term “a society for war”, characterized by special rules and jurisdictions regulatingt the relations between the border settlements and their lords, in substance a particular border law different from the rules governing the interior of the kingdom. The one that contemplates the service of arms, in its different modalities (apellido, cabalgada o hueste) as an essential element of its provisions.

Wouter van der Brug, M. Fennema, J. Tillie

Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska, Anna Jama-Rodzeńska, Waldemar Helios et al.

Faba beans (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) are a high-protein legume crop that can be widely cultivated in most climates in Europe. The amino acid composition of the faba bean protein is also beneficial for monogastric animals since it contains a great deal of lysine, an amino acid that is deficient in cereals. Two genotypes of faba beans were cultivated at three sowing densities (45, 60 and 75 seeds per m²) during three growing seasons (years 2013–2015). The aim of the research was to assess accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of two faba beans in seeds and straw under different sowing densities. A field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 at fields of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in southwestern Poland from which plant material was used for chemical analysis in terms of determining the accumulation of the following elements—N, P, Mg, K and Ca—in the seeds and straw. The results showed that the genotypes of the faba bean varied greatly in accumulation of nutrients in various sowing densities and in following years of research. However, the average accumulation of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in seeds for three years (2013–2015) was significantly higher in the Bobas cultivar under 60 seeds per m² as well as in both tested cultivars using 75 seeds per m². Accumulation of potassium and phosphorus in seeds was highest in both analyzed cultivars using 60 and 75 seeds per m² (average for 2013–2015). Considering accumulation of elements in the straw of faba bean, it is shown that the concentration of potassium and calcium was the highest in both tested cultivars under the effect of sowing density at 60 and 75 seeds per m² while the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium did not differ significantly as an effect of the interaction of cultivar and sowing date (average for 2013–2015). Weather conditions played an important role in accumulation of nutrients of both faba bean genotypes in the years of research (2013–2015).

Tarso do Amaral de Souza Cruz

In his monumental autobiographical series of novels My Struggle, acclaimed Norwegian novelist Karl Ove Knausgaard devotes a considerable number of pages to discuss James Joyce’s fictional works. In the last volume of the series – The End –, practically the entire body of Joyce’s fiction – from early works such as Stephen Hero and Dubliners to the modernist masterpieces Ulysses and Finnegans Wake – is included in a discussion on the Irish novelist’s literature. Only one among Joyce’s major works is not tackled by Knausgaard in The End: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Nonetheless, it is precisely Knausgaard who writes the preface to a celebrated Centennial edition of Joyce’s first novel in which, amidst other topics, he ponders over what he understands to be “the very essence of literature.” The article aims at highlighting some key aspects of Knausgaard’s take on Joyce’s fictional output and provide enough evidence to support the hypothesis that the Norwegian writer’s conceptualization of the literary phenomenon, including Joyce’s work, is based upon questionable essentialist premises.

Türk Standardlari Enst, Tüsü

José Ronzón

Marcello Carmagnani, Las conexiones del mundo y el Atlántico, 1450- 1850, El Colegio de México/Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas/Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 2021, 279 p.

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Vladimir E. Polyakov

Introduction. The article deals with the Crimean period (August 1941 – June 1942) in the life of Basan Badminovich Gorodovikov, Hero of the Soviet Union and a major military and political figure of Kalmykia. The present article aims at describing and analyzing this less-known period of his biography, which was significant and full of dramatic events. Data and research methods. For the purposes of this research, the author has used a wide range of archival materials, as well as memoirs of participants of the partisan movement in the Crimea (including unpublished papers). Results. The author describes the first battles in the north of the Crimea in which Gorodovikov’s regiment was engaged; then, its retreat into the mountains and transition to partisans, the creation of a partisan detachment and the actions behind enemy lines. The activities of Gorodovikov’s detachment are shown against the general background of the partisan movement in the Crimea; special attention given to the discussion of warfare under the specific conditions on the peninsula. The article focuses on the role of the military personnel, especially at the first stage of the partisan movement, revealing, among other things, the problems in the relationship between the command staff of the 48th cavalry division and the partisan leaders in the Crimea. For the first time, the article sheds light on the history of awarding Gorodovikov with the Order of the Red Banner, which was the first award of the Crimean partisans. The dramatic story of his evacuation from the partisan forest to the “Bol´shaia zemlia” is also documented in detail; with previously unknown documents and materials introduced in this paper. The undertaken research allows to conclude that the Crimean period in the life of Gorodovikov was one of the most dramatic in his biography. During a difficult period for the Crimea, he became the commander of one of the most successful partisan detachments, which after he left was officially named after him, its first commander. Notably, Gorodovikov was among the first Crimean partisans to be awarded a military order and to get a promotion in rank and in office.

Sergei A. Shevyrin

The article studies the history of a small timber-harvesting colony that was created in the times of the GULAG labor camps, outlived the period of being a political colony, and was transformed into a museum, the Museum of the History of Political Repression Perm–36, in the 1990s. Based on the analysis of publications of the 1990s–2000s, an attempt was made to recreate the history of comprehension of the era of political repression using the example of a certain museum. From the active study of the topic in the early 1990s and establishment of a public museum with support from the Perm Oblast administration, Perm–36 moved on to undergo severe criticism from the local and federal press, deprivation of financing and administrative support and, finally, rather rough dismissal of the museum administration and appointment of top managers from the Ministry of Culture. The public museum had a powerful creative and scientific potential that allowed it to develop, implement new forms of work, and attract the international museum and human rights community, but, unfortunately, the State Memorial Museum of the History of Political Repression Perm–36 has become an ordinary regional museum in fact. In the first years of being a state museum (2015–16), the administration of Perm-36 tried to revise the directions of work of the public museum. This was expressed in its attempts to justify the authorities and the cruel laws of the time when the colony existed and to find some incriminating evidence against its political prisoners. New exhibitions of the museum (e.g. “Broken by windfalls”) highlighted the state’s need for the prisoners’ work, in particular in harvesting timber needed for the reconstruction of war-ravaged cities, the successes in mechanization of camp production, and so on. The public outcry forced the leadership of the museum to adjust its course. Now, according to the development concept adopted in 2019, the activities of the reserve museum are aimed at preserving the memory of victims of political repression in order to prevent such tragedies in the future. The state museum Perm–36 continues to open new exhibitions and expositions that tell the story of the colony through the stories of people from the GULAG camps, dissidents, and human rights activists. However, the activities of the state memorial museum, which is deprived of public initiative and creative potential of the first directors, cannot yet rise to the level of international recognition and significance that its predecessor, the public museum, used to have.

Suzanne Elizabeth Higgott

Lady Wallace had a remarkable life but she has remained a tantalizingly enigmatic figure, not least because we have nothing written in her own hand. She was born in Paris to unmarried parents, a factotum and a linen maid, in 1819. She lived in England from 1872 until her death in 1897, but had a reputation here for speaking only French. Yet she bequeathed to the British nation an art collection described by Lord Rosebery in 1900 as ‘the greatest gift, I believe, that has ever been made by an individual to our country’: the Wallace Collection. Assessing her motivation in making the bequest is not straightforward. While it has been generally assumed that she was simply fulfilling her late husband Sir Richard’s wishes, information circulating at the time and published by the Wallace Collection for many years afterwards stated that she made the bequest at the suggestion of the Wallaces’ private secretary and her residuary legatee, Sir John Murray Scott. Another dichotomy concerns her personality and taste: was she intellectually unremarkable and lacking in discernment, as Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild judged her, or ‘a very refined, shy and excellent lady’, as described by Lord Esher? This article will assess Lady Wallace and her achievements within the context of her time, before considering her afterlife at the Wallace Collection and the role of her bequest in influencing later women patrons of the arts.

Tomasz Dziubecki

The paper discusses two eighteenth-century magnates’ residences, the architecture of which functioned as a political statement, drawing on cultural codes rooted in the ancient tradition and borrowing from the model of Versailles. The palaces of Jan Klemens Branicki (1689–1771) in Białystok and of Eustachy Potocki (1720–1768) in Radzyń were built in the mid-eighteenth century. The analysis of their forms, spatial design and sculptures sheds light on their function as a ceremonial space serving political purposes. Our study focuses on the examination of the entrance gates, façade decoration and the sculptures located in the vestibules, which play a key role in the symbolic structures of the residences, as well as the gardens with their pavilions and sculptures. Together these elements constituted the Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art) of these magnates dreaming of being elected king.

Olesia Koval

У даній статті висвітлюється держава добробуту у Швеції (питання економіки, політики, військової та гуманітарної сфер) на сторінках української еміграційної преси 1926-1939 рр. У дослідженні аналізуються матеріали авторитетних видань міжвоєнного часу – тижневика «Тризуб/Le Trident» (Франція) та газети «Свобода/Svoboda» (США), визначаються спільні та відмінні риси у позиціонуванні теми, ступінь зацікавленості скандинавськими питаннями та актуальність публікацій у колах українців на еміграції в Європі та Америці.