Hasil untuk "Economics as a science"

V. V. Lebedev

A comprehensive study of the current state and development prospects of the heat and power industry in Russia has been conducted. The structure of fuel and energy resources consumption, as well as the role of heat supply in ensuring the sustainable functioning of the country’s economy have been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the intersectoral nature of thermal energy and its impact on industry, housing and communal services, and the social sphere. The high energy intensity of the industry has been emphasized, and the need to optimize the processes of generating, distributing, and consuming thermal energy has been pointed out. Various types of heat supply systems – centralized and decentralized – have been studied in terms of their efficiency, environmental friendliness, and economic feasibility. The current dynamics of these systems development in the context of regional specifics and climatic conditions has been described. The key issues of the industry have been analyzed, including uneven distribution of generating capacities, high level of physical wear of equipment, significant losses of thermal energy in distribution networks, as well as insufficient transparency and accuracy of consumption accounting. An important place in the study is devoted to the issues of tariff formation, and both technical and economic factors have been considered, including excess losses, excess costs, the investment component of tariffs, and the need to modernize infrastructure. A forecast of the Russian thermal power industry development has been proposed, and the main barriers hindering its modernization have been identified. Possible ways to increase the energy and economic efficiency of the industry in the face of rising fuel prices and stricter environmental requirements have been listed.

Олександр Осипчук

У статті досліджено динаміку обсягів бюджетного відшкодування податку на додану вартість (ПДВ) в Україні та їх взаємозв’язок з макроекономічними і податковими показниками у 2018–2025 рр. Мета дослідження полягає в аналізі факторів, що впливають на обсяги відшкодування ПДВ, та побудові економетричних моделей для оцінювання поведінки показника за різних економічних умов. Використано методи економетричного моделювання, кореляційного аналізу, трендового та сезонного аналізу часових рядів. Для побудови та оцінювання моделей застосовано функцію LINEST в Excel, t- та F-критерії, тест Дарбіна–Уотсона. Побудовано трендову модель та багатофакторні регресійні моделі з використанням частки експорту у ВВП та індексу промислового виробництва, які пояснюють від 89,4 % до 94,7 % варіацій відшкодування ПДВ. Виявлено значний вплив сезонних і шокових чинників, пов’язаних із війною, а також вплив частки експорту у ВВП і індексу промислового виробництва на обсяги відшкодування ПДВ.

Ii Ratna Sari, Santi Nur Wahyuni, Maiyaliza Maiyaliza

At the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread across various regions in Indonesia, causing many companies to experience various operational and financial impacts, especially health sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Since the outbreak, the demand for health services has skyrocketed. Many people were infected with the virus, leading to a surge in patients at hospitals and healthcare providers, particularly those requiring intensive care due to COVID-19 infection. As a result, healthcare companies experienced changes in revenue and operational costs. The Net Profit Margin (NPM) ratio did not show substantial changes in the financial performance of healthcare companies before, during, and after the COVID-19 epidemic. The TATO ratio did not show substantial changes in the financial performance of healthcare companies before, during, and after the COVID-19 epidemic. Healthcare companies should improve operational efficiency and asset utilization to maximize revenue contributions and enhance operational management, enabling them to manage and allocate company assets more productively.

Keerthana K, Pachiyappan Sathish, Joseph Augustine et al.

Lacramioara Mansour, Elena Cerasela Spatariu, Gabriela Gheorghiu

The new digital technologies integrated into economic and social life had determined the need for professionals in the economic field to possess and to develop new skills, capable of giving organization added value. The economics students´ groundwork for these new competencies is both a necessity and a consequence of the changes that have taken place in the different market types, as they increasingly become protagonists of their own learning process. The current endeavor is an effort to explore the students' attitude towards technology, in which the proactive attitude of economics students determines their involvement in economic life and their resultant determines how they relate to information technology as future professionals on the dynamic job market. The study is based on a number of 424 questionnaires completed between April and May 2024 by the students from The Faculty of Economic Sciences of the "Ovidius" University of Constantza, Romania, through which proactive attitudes and the active involvement into economic life and protechnology attitudes were determined, resulting in a significant positive correlation between them.

O. E. Kalenov

Today we witness the rise of a new type of economy i.e. digital economy, whose foundation is formed by digital ecosystems. The article deals with the idea of digital ecosystems, specific features of their founding and developing. The author describes the pre-conditions of their emergence, which include the development of technology, customer’s desire to meet his/her needs in full and with minimum efforts, the necessity to eliminate geographic barriers and the ambition of business to get bigger profit at the expense of providing extra goods and services to the customer. The article studies the borders, structure and key elements of digital ecosystem. Special role is assigned to the organization – leader. The author shows a scheme of interaction of the customer and the platform and describes the mechanism of transforming data into knowledge in the interaction process. The author puts forward three approaches to shaping digital ecosystems: the development of own services, purchasing of outside ones and partnership agreements. The biggest in the world American and Chinese digital ecosystems were analyzed: Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Alibaba and Tencent. The home experience of building digital ecosystems was investigated, such finance organization as Sber, Tinkoff Bank, VTB and companies Yandex, Mail Group and MTS were discussed. It makes it possible to draw a conclusion that Russian market of ecosystems is still on the stage of shaping, but it has positive prospects of integrating into digital economy being built.

E. D. Ivantsova, A. I. Pyzhev

Objective: to identify the factors that determined the success of investment projects in the field of forest development on the basis of available information about the enterprises – applicants for such projects.Methods: regression analysis of binary choice models, logistic regression.Results: the key constraints of the development of the Russian forest sector are identified. The review of the most relevant scientific research on the topic of investments into forest complex is carried out. Taking into account the identified problems and the analysis of the global experience in solving them, the most promising mechanism in this context was identified – that is, state support for investment projects from the priority list in the field of forest development. Based on a sample of 200 projects, a logit regression model was evaluated, which determines the impact of project parameters on the probability of their successful implementation. The hypothesis that there is a statistically significant impact on the success of investment projects was confirmed for a number of factors: the average revenue and average cost of fixed assets of the enterprise, the absence of employees in the organization, the connection of the enterprise with foreign capital and the fact that the enterprise has been unprofitable for the past three years.Scientific novelty: for the first time, estimates were made of the contribution of the forest complex enterprises’ characteristics to the probability of successful implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development.Practical signifi       : the high predictive ability of the model allows using information about the project success determinants to adjust the mechanism for providing support, which will enable to increase the share of successfully implemented projects and therefore increase the effectiveness of this measure of stimulating investment in the development of the Russian forestry industry.

Chong Wang, Nan Zhang, Cong Wang

In this era of the digital economy, proper management of digital privacy is critical for end-users, service providers, platform vendors, and the government. Addressing the increasing privacy concerns expressed by the public, research on digital privacy steadily grew over the recent decade, covering management, economics, and information science. Relevant regulation policies have also been adopted to control data privacy and the processing of personal data by digital service providers. As academic discussions accumulate, a convolution of conceptualizations of digital privacy emerges, which obstructs the interdisciplinary research progress. Based on a comprehensive review of related literature, this paper proposes an ontology of digital privacy and discusses emerging research themes. This paper emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of privacy-related issues and provides the foundation for a merged view and practice-focused solutions.

Cristina Venera Tartavulea, Catalin Nicolae Albu, Nadia Albu et al.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the abrupt switch to online teaching which occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. By using responses from 362 professors and students from 13 European countries, we find that universities and students were very quick to adapt to the new changes and that a mix of synchronous and asynchronous interaction and assessment methods are currently employed. However, this mix is quite limited relative to what is usually subsumed into online learning tools, and is indicative of passive delivery and reduced interaction. Our respondents estimate that most online interaction and assessment methods will continue to be used after the return to face-to-face education. Our respondents also view the switch to online teaching to have an overall moderate positive impact on the educational process, albeit the overall effectiveness of the online educational experience is perceived to be lower than in the case of face-to-face teaching. Moreover, we find that the institutional support, the trust in the online system and the perceived effectiveness of formative assessment are factors that are positively associated with the impact and effectiveness of online education

F. Degan

F. Degan

F. Degan

Francesca Dal Degan

F. Degan

F. Degan

O. A. Bashkirova

The article deals with ways of teaching that contribute to increasing the motivation of students to study a foreign language in a Technical University. The results of the conducted questioning of students on revealing the motives that motivate students of a Technical University to study a foreign language are presented. It is concluded that the main motivating factor is the communicative approach and the involvement of students in speech activity in the studied language

Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska, Marjan Bojadziev

Resulting from the emerging importance of population ageing, the last several years an increased amount of academic interest has been located in the area of motivation of older employees. In this context, job satisfaction has been used as one of the measure to evaluate older workers wellbeing in the organization. The aim of this paper is to investigate the preference of financial and nonfinancial incentives among older employees and their impact on job satisfaction. A total of 351 employees aged 40 years and over working in the telecommunication industry in the Republic of Macedonia, have been included in the study. The results indicated that although both types of incentives are positively related to job satisfaction, financial incentives tend to be stronger predictors. In addition, managerial position, tenure and intrinsic motivation have been positively related to job satisfaction among older employees as well. The current research seeks to decrease the research gap concerning the ageing workforce in developing economies and contribute to the increased understanding of these growing age group of employees.

Kaltrina Zekolli

The key of existence and success in all domains of life to the entity of justice is the thorough compliance to the truth and justice. Therefore when a certain right is violated, liable or challenged entrusted to solve that, are the institutions of justice, rather the courts. Courts are competent to find the right path towards the truth applying different methods with intention to satisfy the justice. In this paper special attention we dedicated to the method of open assessment of proofs in litigation, that in fact is the subject of this research.

Ilić Dejan, Marković Branko

The Internet dramatically changed the way of business through the development of e-commerce, online marketing and particularly through the development of two-way communication between the organization and the target group of consumers. Significant use of social networks in business is also initiated a growing number of quantitative but also qualitative surveys aimed at more efficient management and successful exploitation of so-called "viral phenomenon". This trend are also initiated a special attention in this scientific paper on the analysis of objectives, importance and frequency of use of social networks in business in the global market and in business in organizations on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.

Stanislav Zekic, Bojan Matkovski, Zana Kleut

By acquiring the conditions for the usage of the pre-accession funds of the European Union, concretely the instrument for rural development (Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance in Rural Development - IPARD), The Republic of Serbia (RS) will have a chance to improve the position of its agricultural farms and the conditions of its rural areas. Agriculture is specifically important for the economy in RS, and the rural population makes up almost one-half of the population, which additionally enlarges an interest in these funds. In addition, the objective of the research is to identify the effects of the usage of the IPARD funds on the development of the rural areas, respectively the socio-economic progress of the rural population. A qualitative descriptive analysis on the basis of the empirical data was used. The basic conclusions are that, thus, structured funds will have a limited impact on the reduction in the development inequalities and the achievement of the parity living conditions between the rural and the urban areas. Namely, the dominant focus of the IPARD funds on the investments in agricultural farms and enterprises, and not in rural households, limits the level of their impact on the rural development in RS.