Devi Nurmalasari, Dominicus Savio Priyarsono, Linda Karlina Sari
Integrity is a cornerstone of good governance; yet, its realization remains uneven across various levels of government in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the influence of integrated internal control system components—risk management, internal audit, internal control systems, and corruption control—on the integrity of central and regional government agencies. A quantitative approach is employed using Spearman’s rank correlation and panel data regression analysis on data from 42 central and 491 regional agencies collected between 2022 and 2023. Model selection is based on the Chow, Hausman, and Breusch–Pagan tests. The results show that in regional agencies, risk management, internal control systems, and corruption control significantly enhance integrity, while internal audit does not. Conversely, none of the control components show a significant effect on integrity in central agencies, indicating a gap between system maturity and actual governance outcomes. These differences reflect contextual challenges, including bureaucratic complexity, limited leadership engagement, and a compliance-oriented implementation approach. The study concludes that tailored strategies are needed to strengthen internal audits in regional agencies and to move beyond procedural compliance in central institutions. The study offers practical implications for improving public governance and contributes novel insights through its comparative approach across government levels.
Dorina Onoya, Idah Mokhele, Cornelius Nattey
et al.
Background The ideal clinic realisation and maintenance (ICRM) programme in South Africa aims to elevate primary healthcare clinic (PHC) service quality in preparation for the National Health Insurance rollout. This study investigated ICRM implementation from clinic workers’ and patients’ experiences in the Gauteng province.Methods A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was conducted across 45 Gauteng PHCs. Anonymous semistructured interviews with 335 clinic staff explored their knowledge and experiences with the ICRM programme. Facility assessments captured structural factors impacting ICRM implementation. Log-binomial regression was used to assess factors related to confidence in ICRM implementation and improvements in ICRM certification, and thematic analysis examined patient and staff experiences.Results While 86.9% of clinical/management staff (95% CI 75.1 to 93.6) reported understanding ICRM, only 41.9% (95% CI 32.6 to 53.0) could cite specific guidelines. Enablers included guideline training (reported by 47.9% of staff, 95% CI 39.6 to 56.3) and support from district teams (44.6%, 95% CI 36.6 to 52.8). Barriers included facility size (32.9%, 95% CI 25.7 to 40.9) and infrastructure challenges (28.4%, 95% CI 21.6 to 36.2). Staff confidence in ICRM implementation was moderate (63.1%, 95% CI 56.1 to 69.6), higher when ICRM champions were present (relative risk ratio (RRR) 2.3 vs not present, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.2), guidelines were clear to staff (RRR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0) and sufficient training was perceived (RRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.3). From 2018 to 2021, 60.3% of facilities (95% CI 43.8 to 74.8) improved in ICRM classification. Compared with facilities with no status change, staff from clinics with downgraded stats were less likely to report clear guidelines (RRR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.0) to identify an ICRM champion (RRR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7) or have a knowledgeable manager (RRR 0.01, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.3).Conclusion Challenges in ICRM implementation persist. Staff knowledge, training and district support play significant roles, while clear guidelines, sufficient resources and effective leadership are essential for sustaining and enhancing ICRM performance.
Background and objectiveHeart failure (HF) is a syndrome of increased intracardiac pressure or decreased cardiac output. There is a lack of conclusive evidence to recommend the regular use of any dietary supplement in patients with HF. However, certain studies have shown nutritional interventions to be beneficial for patients with HF. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to understand and map the updates of dietary interventions and nutritional supplementation measures related to patients with HF over the past 5 years.Study designA systematic review.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on the association between dietary interventions and nutritional supplements and HF published between 2018 and 2023. A total of 1755 documents were retrieved, of which 19 were finalized for inclusion.ResultsThe findings suggest that individualized nutritional support reduces mortality and risk of major cardiovascular events in chronic heart failure inpatients at high nutritional risk. The Mediterranean diet improves functionality, quality of life, and cardiac function. Additionally, supplementation with thiamine, ubiquinol, D-ribose, and L-arginine enhances left ventricular ejection fraction. Probiotic yogurt may effectively improve the inflammatory and antioxidative status of chronic heart failure. Whey protein and melatonin have a positive effect on improving endothelial function in HF patients.ConclusionCertain dietary interventions and nutritional supplements may provide some benefit to patients with HF. However, there is no relevant definitive evidence on the impact of nutritional interventions on the prognosis of HF, and more high-quality clinical trials are needed for further in-depth studies.Systematic review registrationIdentifier, CRD42024510847
Введение: статья посвящена анализу механизмов правового регулирования генеративного контента в Российской Федерации, алгоритма его маркирования. Анализ действующего
законодательства показывает, что возрастание роли технологий искусственного интеллекта в современном обществе диктует необходимость совершенствования существующих, а
также разработки новых норм для правового регулирования оборота генеративного контента. Российский законодатель предпринимает первые попытки разработки законодательных
мер контроля за оборотом генеративного контента, однако в настоящее время отсутствует
даже унифицированное определение дипфейка как основополагающего понятия данной
сферы. Цель: на основе существующей классификации видов генеративного контента описать существующие виды его маркировки, представить определение дипфейка. Методы:
сравнительно-правовой, эмпирические методы описания, интерпретации, теоретические
методы формальной и диалектической логики, юридико-догматический и метод толкования
правовых норм. Результаты: анализ видов генеративного контента, целей его распространения демонстрирует необходимость создания эффективных правовых и технологических
механизмов регулирования. Разработаны теоретические положения о структуре субъектов
создания и распространения генеративного контента, предложены рекомендации по установлению их правовых обязанностей и ответственности. Выводы: механизмы правового регулирования генеративного контента на данном этапе сводятся к следующему: закрепление
обязанности технологических компаний и пользователей, создающих генеративный контент,
использовать водяные знаки для маркирования контента в целях информирования иных лиц
о генеративной природе контента; установление ответственности за отказ от маркировки
или удаление какого-либо вида маркировки, неправомерное использование биометрических
персональных данных для создания дипфейка; учет общественной опасности деяний, совершаемых с использованием дипфейка в качестве средства.
BackgroundNutritional and food components reshape the peripheral clock and metabolism. However, whether food challenges affect the circadian clock and metabolism of meibomian glands (MGs) has not been fully explored. This study was designed to analyze alterations in the rhythmic transcriptome and metabolism of MGs of murine fed a balanced diet or a high-fat diet (HFD).MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were maintained on a 12/12 h light/dark cycle and fed ad libitum on normal chow (NC) or HFD for 4 weeks. MGs were collected from sacrificed animals at 3-h intervals throughout a 24-h circadian cycle. The circadian transcriptome of MGs was analyzed via bioinformatics approaches using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). In addition, circadian oscillations of lipid components in MGs were analyzed.ResultsMeibomian glands displayed robust transcriptome rhythmicity. HFD feeding significantly altered the circadian transcriptome profile of MGs—including composition and phase—and spatiotemporally affected the enriched signaling pathways. In addition, HFD feeding significantly altered the normal rhythmic oscillations of lipid components in MGs.ConclusionOur data show that HFD significantly affects MGs’ rhythmicity, which reveals a high sensitivity of MGs’ clocks to lipid composition in food.
This article presents an Experimental Program designed to enhance the social intelligence of primary school students. This period is crucial in developing intellectual, artistic, moral, and social feelings in children. The program is designed for children who exhibit limited knowledge in understanding the logical progression of complex interaction situations and the significance of individual behaviour in these scenarios. Consequently, they face difficulties in comprehending and anticipating human behaviour, which, in turn, hinders the effective establishment of interpersonal relationships, the achievement of desired goals, and favourable social adaptation. Teaching methods and activities included in the program have been tailored to the specific age group and the domains of social and emotional development. This program is founded on robust research and pedagogical practices aimed at supporting the development of social intelligence in primary school children. The results of this experimental research offer a crucial understanding of the effectiveness of educational approaches targeting the enhancement of social intelligence in young children. This study provides a practical perspective on how education can contribute to the development of essential social and emotional skills among primary school students.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Social Sciences
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed nearly all societal domains, including medical rehabilitation. Social distancing measures impacted patients as well as health professionals during the rehabilitation process. Enhancing patient participation should not be forgotten during exceptional situations, as restrictive measures are related to the self-determination of patients. Aim: In this exploratory trend study, we aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 restrictions with patients’ motivation, their perception of the patient-provider-relationship, their participation in the rehabilitation process and their current state of health at the beginning of their rehabilitation. Methods: Adopting an exploratory approach, we compared data from a convenience sample of two different groups of patients, who stayed at a cardiac rehabilitation clinic at two different time periods: before the COVID-19 lockdown of rehabilitation clinics (n = 128) and after reopening during the COVID-19 period (n = 137). We used questionnaires on motivation for rehabilitation, patient-provider-relationship, patient activation and perceived state of health. We conducted t-tests and regression analysis to determine whether there were differences by gender, age, heart failure status, preferred form of decision-making (shared/not-shared) and time of rehabilitation (before/during COVID-19) related to the outcome variables. Results: Participants evaluated the quality of the patient-provider-relationship in a better way after the reopening of the rehabilitation clinics during the COVID-19 period (p < 0.05), their motivation, participation in the rehabilitation process and their current state of health at the beginning of their rehabilitation was comparable to the group before the COVID-19 lockdown of rehabilitation clinics. Differences in scepticism concerning the treatment and the quality of the patient-provider-relationship were related (p < 0.05) to age and the preferred form of decision-making. Differences in active participation were related (p < 0.05) to sex and differences in the perceived state of health (p < 0.05) to a heart failure diagnosis. Conclusions: Treatment providers could use the time patients spend in isolation after arrival to prepare them for virtual goal-setting conversations to enhance patient participation in exceptional situations.
Trudności w nabywaniu sprawności językowych oraz komunikacyjnych stanowią wyzwanie dla logopedy. Artykuł dotyczy problematyki niedokształcenia mowy o typie afazji motorycznej. Zaburzenia rozwoju mowy mają negatywny wpływ na czynności poznawcze dziecka, dlatego tak ważna jest rzetelna diagnoza i właściwie zorganizowana terapia. Po uporządkowaniu terminologii związanej z zaburzeniami rozwoju językowego, wynikających z uszkodzeń struktur mózgowych, ma miejsce prezentacja przyczyn i charakterystyka typu niedokształcenia mowy o typie afazji motorycznej. Autorka przedstawia procedurę diagnostyki tego typu zaburzenia w oparciu o studium przypadku 3-letniego chłopca oraz dokonuje szczegółowego opisu trudności w zakresie ekspresji u badanego dziecka. W artykule zawarta została także propozycja terapii logopedycznej z naciskiem na zminimalizowanie zaburzeń motorycznych.
Yiqiao Xin, Clareece R. Nevill, Janion Nevill
et al.
Abstract Background Network meta-analysis (NMA) has been increasingly adopted worldwide by Cochrane reviews, guideline developers and decision-making bodies to identify optimal treatment choices. However, NMA results are often produced statically, not allowing stakeholders to ‘dig deeper’ and interrogate with their own judgement. Additionally, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, unnecessary or duplicated reviews have been proposed which analyse from the same pool of evidence. We developed the ‘MetaInsight COVID-19’ app as a prototype for an interactive platform to eliminate such duplicated efforts, by empowering users to freely analyse the data and improve scientific transparency. Methods MetaInsight COVID-19 ( https://crsu.shinyapps.io/metainsightcovid/ ) was developed to conduct NMA with the evolving evidence on treatments for COVID-19. It was updated weekly between 19th May – 19th Oct 2020, incorporating new evidence identified from a living systematic review. Results The app includes embedded functions to facilitate study selection based on study characteristics, and displays the synthesised results in real time. It allows both frequentist and Bayesian NMA to be conducted as well as consistency and heterogeneity assessments. A demonstration of the app is provided and experiences of building such a platform are discussed. Conclusions MetaInsight COVID-19 allows users to take control of the evidence synthesis using the analytic approach they deem appropriate to ascertain how robust findings are to alternative analysis strategies and study inclusion criteria. It is hoped that this app will help avoid many of the duplicated efforts when reviewing and synthesising the COVID-19 evidence, and, in addition, establish the desirability of an open platform format such as this for interactive data interrogation, visualisation, and reporting for any traditional or ‘living’ NMA.
Olena Buchynska, Olena Davlikanova, Helmut Hofstetter
et al.
The article presents the results of the survey conducted among the Ukraine-based companies in 2020 as of their awareness and attitudes to the dual studies (DS) and openness to cooperation with higher educational establishments. After six years of activities aimed at establishing grounds for the adaptation of the German dual studies models conducted by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Office in Ukraine (FES-Ukraine) and its partners, including the Ukrainian Marketing Association (UMA), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES) launched a pilot project on dual studies introduction in 2019 (MES Order #1296). The first year of the experiment covered partnerships of 44 pre-tertiary and tertiary educational establishments with around 100 Ukraine-based companies. In 2020 FES-Ukraine and UMA in cooperation with the Federation of Metallurgy Workers of Ukraine and HR Volunteer Association, have conducted a study among two groups of employers – those that represent partner-companies engaged in the project and those not involved into the experiment on the DS introduction. This article presents the results of the survey among the second group of employers. It allowed not only to study the level of awareness and attitude of the employers to DS but to inform companies not involved into the experiment about the initiative that might result in amendments to the list of the experiment participants in the Order #1296 and enlargement of the number of dual studies cooperation cases. The authors’ questionnaire survey was carried out from May to September 2020 in the format of phone-interviews. The respondents included 400 Ukraine-based companies representing big, medium and small businesses from all the Ukrainian regions apart from the occupied territories of Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. The findings show that a wide information campaign is needed to raise the employers’ awareness of the opportunities provided by the dual studies, which is being successfully adapted and integrated in the Ukrainian tertiary education. Therefore, the data obtained is a source of information for recommendations to the stakeholders (especially, policy-makers, employers and their associations) aimed at promoting further cooperation of higher educational establishments and Ukraine-based companies, thus, establishing framework for investments into the training of workforce as a prerequisite of companies’ compatibility and the growth of not only individual economic actors, but the national economy. The FES-Ukraine funded the research.
Performance analysis in terms of gap analysis, yield enhancement and economic viability of improved production technologies of Indian mustard vis-à-vis farmers’ practice was evaluated through front-line demonstrations at farmers’ field during rabi seasons (October to March) of respective years, 2013-2014 to 2018-2019. The front-line demonstrations were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bikaner-II, Rajasthan. Newly released improved varieties of Indian mustard viz., RGN 48, RGN 229 and DRMRIJ 31 were grown under demonstrations. The experimental results envisage that average yield under demonstration ranged from 1550 to 2600 kg ha-1 with a mean of 2154 kg ha-1. In per cent terms, scaling in productivity following improved technology ranged from 14.81 to 33.33% with an average value of 25.89% (over the Farmers’ practice). Moreover, the grain yield also recorded substantially higher under demonstrations (2154 kg ha-1) over district average (1122 kg ha-1) and state average (1427 kg ha-1). The average yield gaps for technology, extension and technology index were 655, 443 kg ha-1 and 22.90 per cent, respectively. Demonstration of improved technologies also enhanced average gross (Rs. 76,318 ha-1), net return (Rs. 50,740 ha-1), effective gain (Rs. 12,393 ha-1) and additional return (Rs. 14,107 ha-1) in comparison to Farmers’ practice. This resulted in realizing higher incremental cost benefit ratio (8.23) and benefit: cost ratio (2.95) compared to the Farmers’ practice (2.50) during six years study period. This enhancement in grain yield and economics of chickpea under demonstrations clearly showed the impact of adoption of improved technology over farmers’ practice in Hyper Arid Partial Irrigated Plain Zone of Rajasthan.