Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Dariusz Pauch, Anna Bera, Damian Walczak

The objective of the article is to delineate the role of insurance in alleviating the financial ramifications of natural disasters. To achieve this objective, two research questions were formulated: 1) What are the magnitude and economic implications of natural disasters? 2) How does disaster insurance contribute to the process of asset reconstruction? In preparing the article, the authors conducted a review of literature pertaining to the subject matter and analysed secondary data sourced from reports and publications of international institutions and organisations involved in addressing the financial impact of natural disasters. Limitations of the conducted research include variations in the scale and impact of disasters across different countries, leading to a lack of uniform legal frameworks regarding the utilisation of insurance in mitigating the financial fallout of natural disasters.

Antoni Tur Torres

El setge naval del segle XVI als dominis mediterranis de la monarquia hispànica per part de l’imperi otomà és un tema que ha estat àmpliament estudiat; tanmateix, la localització de documentació inèdita pot servir per ampliar-ne el coneixement. En aquest article s’analitza una font que fins al moment no havia estat estudiada. Es tracta d’un registre dels pagaments fets a les persones que van donar avisos per moviments sospitosos a la costa durant els anys 1586 i 1587. La font és el Llibre del bosser de la Universitat d’Eivissa, del 1586-1587. Farem un estudi del tipus d’acció registrada, dels llocs, dels vaixells i de les persones que fan els albiraments. La presència constant de vaixells enemics i els freqüents atacs i desembarcaments ens donen una idea de la incidència d’aquesta situació en la vida quotidiana.

Economics and Environment and Environment

Summaries in Polish

Tetiana Vitenko, Nataliia Marynenko, Iryna Kramar

The article focuses on the research conducted on sewage sludge in Ternopil City, Ukraine, with a specific emphasis on its microelement composition and implications for disposal and utilisation. Bacterial contamination in both old and new sludge storage facilities is revealed by the study. It is found that the sludge holds potential as a fertiliser due to its nutrient content and organic matter, although adjustments may be necessary for specific soil conditions. However, it is determined that the permissible limits for agricultural use are exceeded by heavy metal concentrations, indicating pollution resulting from landfills, old pipes, and intensive agriculture. According to existing regulations, the sludge is considered suitable only for composting. The importance of sludge monitoring, treatment, and management is underscored by the findings, as they are crucial for ensuring safe disposal, mitigating environmental risks, and addressing potential health hazards.

Agnieszka Trębicka

The paper presents a particularly important research variant in the process of modelling water distribution systems (WDS), which is the age of water. The age of the water in the pipes is a parameter that determines the freshness of the water. The main goal of the presented research was to analyse changes in water age by observing the basic parameters: pressure and water flow. As a result of the assumed simulations, potential places of secondary contamination were distinguished. The result of solving the situation was the introduction of all works aimed at eliminating and improving the negative changes by much more frequent monitoring of water in this area for physicochemical and bacteriological properties and regular flushing of pipelines. The research is carried out based on the mathematical model of the water supply network. The Epanet software is used as a research tool, which allows modelling changes in the age of water in the entire water distribution system over time. The basis of the conducted research became the time factor, which plays a particularly important role in the process of managing the water distribution system. Taking into account the time, it was observed how much water remains on a given section from the moment it flows from the inlet and is mixed with water already present throughout the network. A number of simulation options were analysed in terms of the operation of the water distribution system, where the key problem was water stagnation. It should be noted that stagnation of water is particularly dangerous in the case of WDS, the obtained results showed visible places on the tested model. Simulations lasting more than 8, 10 days showed a clear deterioration in its quality. The above studies are of particular importance from the point of view of managing the efficiency of the water supply network. The analysis of water in water supply systems, stagnating and thus ageing, shows that the efficiency of the system significantly decreases. The variability of conditions in the water distribution system also makes the performance of WDS, and especially of pumping units, variable.

Marta Baraniak

The article aims to evaluate the cooperation of Polish farmers from Łódź Voivodeship with science and other farmers in the field of implementing innovation in farms. Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) method was used. The analysis covers 150 Polish farms located in the Łódź Voivodeship. The farms for the study were selected from the Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) sample. The study was made in 2018. The conducted research has proved that interest in scientific achievements depends on the innovativeness of farms. The cooperation between Polish farmers from Łódź Voivodeship in the field of innovation activity do not differ in terms of their farming type. A consequence of the selection of farms is the lack of the ability to generalize the results to the entire population of farms in the Łódź Voivodeship. The added value of the analysis is the presentation of the results in terms of farm innovation.

Xavier Sust

En aquest article, l'estudi detallat de tres casos de falutxos negrers (el Sí, el Pepito i l’Huracán) permet plantejar una perspectiva diferent sobre les expedicions negreres i sobre el paper d’inversors i navegants catalans en aquest tràfic. La cobdícia, l’audàcia, la capacitat d’adaptació, la complicitat i la manca d’escrúpols són només algunes de les característiques d’aquest negoci, en què unes embarcacions relativament petites, com eren els falutxos o barques de mitjana, podien tenir el seu paper quan altres vies s’anaven tancant a causa de la pressió britànica.

Alfredo Chamorro Esteban

Małgorzata Burchard-Dziubińska, Tsolmontuya Myagmarjav

The article deals with the problem related to the growing conflict of interest in access to natural pastures, which is the basis of nomadic pastoralism in Mongolia. The discovery of significant mineral resources (inter alia: gold, copper and coal) resulted in a huge increase in interest in their extraction and use of this potential to accelerate the economic development of the country. The opencast mining causes the degradation of natural pastures and permanently hinders the migration of animals between winter and summer stands. This is a serious threat to traditional pastoralism, which is of high importance not only from the economic point of view, but also from cultural one. The aim of the article is to show the specificity of the issue of ecological justice in Mongolia, and to find an answer to the research question: How can ecological justice in this country be restored? Until this day there are no effective solutions to ensure fair access to areas where fossil resources have been discovered. Simultaneously, due to air pollution, and degradation of water resources, environmental health became a problem of the highest importance among Mongolians’ population. Ecological justice is becoming an increasingly pressing issue in the country, that has been so far considered an example of the most successful pro-democracy transformation in Central Asia.

Paulina Szyja

The article describes the issue of the role of resources in shaping economic development. The terminology and theoretical aspects are complemented by a Singapore case study. This little state in South East Asia impresses with its level of development, despite the lack of natural resources and dependence on imports of many products. The main goal of this article is to present slightly extended resources catalogue and to fi nd the source of shaping economic development in a situation of defi ciency, and shortage of natural resources in particular.

Włodzimierz Kaczocha, Jan Sikora

Because of their natural and anthropogenic values, attractive natural areas are protected by law. The protective activities are connected with the proper management of these areas. The paper proposes the thesis that ethical values and norms referred to ecology are not taken into consideration in the management of attractive natural areas, both in theoretical and practical terms. The study presents attractive natural areas as a valuable common good, and discusses a place of values and norms in ethics. The project of ethical concept of management in these areas containing the adopted values and moral norms that refer to ecology was also formulated. The paper was written based on the scientific literature and official documents.

Joost C.A. Schokkenbroek

Eliseu Carbonell

Ramon Bigas